Grammar parses for passage 2.18.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ Τισαμενοῦ τούτου κατίασιν ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἡρακλεῖδαι, Τήμενος μὲν καὶ Κρεσφόντης Ἀριστομάχου, τοῦ τρίτου δὲ Ἀριστοδήμου προτεθνεῶτος εἵποντο οἱ παῖδες.
The sentence has two coordinated verbal predications: Ἡρακλεῖδαι κατίασιν and οἱ παῖδες εἵποντο; προτεθνεῶτος Ἀριστοδήμου is a genitive absolute, while Τήμενος and Κρεσφόντης specify the Heraclids.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 κατίασιν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Τισαμενοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | Τισαμενοῦ | Τισαμενός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κατίασιν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in the temporal sense. |
| 5 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Τισαμενοῦ | det | high | Anaphoric demonstrative agreeing with Τισαμενοῦ. |
| 6 | κατίασιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 8 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 κατίασιν | obl | high | |
| 9 | Ἡρακλεῖδαι | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κατίασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Τήμενος | Τήμενος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἡρακλεῖδαι | appos | high | First member of the appositional specification of Ἡρακλεῖδαι. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 11 Τήμενος | discourse | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Κρεσφόντης | cc | high | Coordinates Τήμενος and Κρεσφόντης. |
| 14 | Κρεσφόντης | Κρεσφόντης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Τήμενος | conj | high | |
| 15 | Ἀριστομάχου | Ἀριστόμαχος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Τήμενος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, shared by Τήμενος and Κρεσφόντης. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Τήμενος | punct | high | |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τρίτου | det | high | |
| 18 | τρίτου | τρίτος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀριστοδήμου | amod | high | Substantivized ordinal: 'the third [brother]'. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 εἵποντο | cc | high | Contrasts the omitted/understood third Heraclid. |
| 20 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 προτεθνεῶτος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on προτεθνεῶτος. |
| 21 | προτεθνεῶτος | προθνῄσκω | VERB | V-RAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 εἵποντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀριστοδήμου; 'Aristodemus having died beforehand'. |
| 22 | εἵποντο | ἕπομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 6 κατίασιν | parataxis | high | Coordinates the second verbal predication with κατίασιν. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 24 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 εἵποντο | nsubj | high | Subject of εἵποντο; 'the sons'. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | punct | high |
Ἄργους μὲν δὴ καὶ τῆς ἐν Ἄργει βασιλείας ὀρθότατα ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἠμφισβήτουν, ὅτι ἦν Πελοπίδης ὁ Τισαμενός, οἱ δὲ Ἡρακλεῖδαι τὸ ἀνέκαθέν εἰσι Περσεῖδαι·
The first coordinated genitive phrase (Ἄργους ... τῆς ... βασιλείας) is the object of ἠμφισβήτουν; the ὅτι-clause gives the contrasting genealogical rationale, with an omitted/copularly understood relation between the Heraclids and the Perseids.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | Neut-Gen|Acc-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | obj | medium | Form is ambiguous; likely genitive singular with βασιλείας, though accusative plural is morphologically possible. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 1 Ἄργους | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive objects/phrases. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen|Dat|Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλείας | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Ἄργει | case | high | |
| 7 | Ἄργει | Ἄργος | PROPN | Neut-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλείας | nmod | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 8 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-Gen|Dat|Nom-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Ἄργους | conj | high | Genitive coordinated with Ἄργους. |
| 9 | ὀρθότατα | ὀρθῶς | ADV | Adv-Sup | Degree=Sup | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | PpersPron-Dat-Sg-1 | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 11 δοκεῖν | iobj | high | Dative with δοκεῖν, ‘in my opinion’. |
| 11 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Inf | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | advcl | medium | Infinitive parenthetical/subjective construction modifying the finite verb. |
| 12 | ἠμφισβήτουν | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V-Impf-Act-Ind-3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces the causal/content clause. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-Impf-Act-Ind-3Sg | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | advcl | high | |
| 16 | Πελοπίδης | Πελοπίδης | PROPN | N-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | pred | high | Predicate nominative. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Τισαμενός | det | high | |
| 18 | Τισαμενός | Τισαμενός | PROPN | N-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Πελοπίδης | appos | high | Appositional name identification. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ἡρακλεῖδαι | det | high | Substantivized article with Ἡρακλεῖδαι. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Ἡρακλεῖδαι | cc | high | |
| 22 | Ἡρακλεῖδαι | Ἡρακλεῖδαι | PROPN | N-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσι. |
| 23 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνέκαθέν | det | high | Substantivizes ἀνέκαθεν. |
| 24 | ἀνέκαθέν | ἀνέκαθεν | ADV | Adv | _ | 25 εἰσι | advmod | medium | Article-adverbial expression, ‘from of old/from the beginning’. |
| 25 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated clause after the contrastive δέ. |
| 26 | Περσεῖδαι | Περσεῖδαι | PROPN | N-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 εἰσι | pred | high | Predicate nominative. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἠμφισβήτουν | punct | high |
Τυνδάρεω δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκπεσόντα ἀπέφαινον ὑπὸ Ἱπποκόωντος, Ἡρακλέα δὲ ἔφασαν ἀποκτείναντα Ἱπποκόωντα καὶ τοὺς παῖδας παρακαταθέσθαι Τυνδάρεῳ τὴν χώραν·
The sentence contains two reports: Τυνδάρεως is said to have been expelled by Hippocoon, while Heracles is said to have killed Hippocoon and his sons and entrusted the country to Tyndareus.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N--SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέφαινον | obl | high | Genitive of the person reported as expelled. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 ἀπέφαινον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 αὐτὸν | advmod | high | Coordinating/additive particle modifying αὐτόν. |
| 4 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐκπεσόντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the participle in an accusative construction. |
| 5 | ἐκπεσόντα | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V--AAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπέφαινον | xcomp | high | Predicative aorist participle with αὐτόν. |
| 6 | ἀπέφαινον | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V--IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb: they declared/reported. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἱπποκόωντος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive agent. |
| 8 | Ἱπποκόωντος | Ἱπποκόων | PROPN | N--SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκπεσόντα | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἐκπεσόντα. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέφαινον | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔφασαν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive παρακαταθέσθαι under ἔφασαν. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἔφασαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | V--AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπέφαινον | parataxis | high | Second reporting verb coordinated/paratactic with ἀπέφαινον. |
| 13 | ἀποκτείναντα | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V--AAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 παρακαταθέσθαι | advcl | high | Accompanying aorist participle, with Ἡρακλέα as understood subject. |
| 14 | Ἱπποκόωντα | Ἱπποκόων | PROPN | N--SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποκτείναντα | obj | high | Object of ἀποκτείναντα. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 παῖδας | cc | high | Coordinates παῖδας with Ἱπποκόωντα as objects of the participle. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L----PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 17 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 παρακαταθέσθαι | obj | high | Object of παρακαταθέσθαι. |
| 18 | παρακαταθέσθαι | παρακατατίθημι | VERB | V--AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 12 ἔφασαν | ccomp | high | Infinitive clause governed by ἔφασαν. |
| 19 | Τυνδάρεῳ | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N--SMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 παρακαταθέσθαι | iobj | high | Recipient of παρακαταθέσθαι. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 χώραν | det | high | |
| 21 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N--SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 παρακαταθέσθαι | obj | high | Object/theme of παρακαταθέσθαι. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέφαινον | punct | high |
τοιαῦτα δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς Μεσσηνίας ἕτερα ἔλεγον, παρακαταθήκην Νέστορι δοθῆναι καὶ ταύτην ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους ἑλόντος Πύλον.
The sentence has an implied λέγουσιν/ἔλεγον construction with an accusative-and-infinitive complement: παρακαταθήκην δοθῆναι. The genitive absolute Ἡρακλέους ἑλόντος is temporally/circumstantially subordinate, with Πύλον as the object of ἑλόντος; ταύτην is the object of δοθῆναι and refers back to παρακαταθήκην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔλεγον | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative, object of ἔλεγον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔλεγον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἕτερα | cc | high | Coordinates ἕτερα with τοιαῦτα. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Μεσσηνίας | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίας. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔλεγον | obl | high | Object of περί in an oblique adjunct. |
| 7 | ἕτερα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔλεγον | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative, coordinated object of ἔλεγον. |
| 8 | ἔλεγον | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔλεγον | punct | high | |
| 10 | παρακαταθήκην | παρακαταθήκη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 δοθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive δοθῆναι in indirect discourse. |
| 11 | Νέστορι | Νέστωρ | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 δοθῆναι | iobj | high | Dative recipient of δοθῆναι. |
| 12 | δοθῆναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-ANP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Pass | 8 ἔλεγον | ccomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive complement. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἑλόντος | cc | medium | Coordinates the genitive absolute participle with the preceding infinitival content, though the construction is compressed. |
| 14 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἑλόντος | obj | high | Anaphoric accusative, referring to παρακαταθήκην and object of ἑλόντος. |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive agent. |
| 16 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἑλόντος | obl | high | With ὑπό, marks the agent of ἑλόντος; also forms the genitive absolute with it. |
| 17 | ἑλόντος | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 δοθῆναι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, construed circumstantially; its understood subject is Ἡρακλέους, while ταύτην is its object. |
| 18 | Πύλον | Πύλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἑλόντος | obj | high | Accusative object of ἑλόντος. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔλεγον | punct | high |