Grammar parses for passage 2.19.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀργείοις δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει τὸ ἐπιφανέστατόν ἐστιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν Λυκίου.
The syntax is a copular clause with ἱερὸν as subject; the opening dative Ἀργείοις is best taken as a dative of reference, and τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει is a genitive modifier of the city-internal grouping.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-P---DM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative of reference/interest with ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-PG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πόλει | det | high | Article modifying the participial phrase. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 πόλει | case | high | Preposition governing πόλει. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλει | det | high | Article modifying πόλει. |
| 6 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τῶν | nmod | high | Head of the prepositional phrase modifying ἐν; governed by ἐν and dependent on the genitive article 3. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article with ἐπιφανέστατόν. |
| 8 | ἐπιφανέστατόν | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-NSN-SMC | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἱερὸν | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 10 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-SM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive possessor/modifier of ἱερὸν. |
| 11 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the copula. |
| 12 | Λυκίου | Λύκιος | ADJ | A-SG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἱερὸν | amod | medium | Likely adjectival epithet modifying ἱερὸν; could be genitive in apposition, but adjective analysis fits the form. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ μὲν οὖν ἄγαλμα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀττάλου ποίημα ἦν Ἀθηναίου, τὸ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Δαναοῦ καὶ ὁ ναὸς καὶ τὸ ξόανον ἀνάθημα ἦν·
Two coordinated copular clauses; the first contains an appositive noun phrase, and the second coordinates ναός with ξόανον as subjects of ἀνάθημα ἦν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἄγαλμα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἄγαλμα | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ποίημα | det | high | Article modifying ποίημα. |
| 6 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 4 ἄγαλμα | amod | medium | Likely adpositional modifier of ἄγαλμα in the relative phrase. |
| 7 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 6 ἐφʼ | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 8 | Ἀττάλου | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποίημα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ποίημα. |
| 9 | ποίημα | ποίημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγαλμα | appos | high | Appositive to ἄγαλμα. |
| 10 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb of first clause. |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίου | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποίημα | amod | high | Attributive genitive/adjectival modifier of ποίημα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ἀνάθημα | det | high | Article modifying ἀνάθημα. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ναὸς | discourse | high | Contrastive particle. |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 16 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 16 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ναὸς | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying ναός. |
| 17 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ναὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ναὸς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ναὸς | det | high | Article modifying ναὸς. |
| 20 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνάθημα | nsubj | high | Co-subject with ξόανον. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἀνάθημα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ξόανον | det | high | Article modifying ξόανον. |
| 23 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ναὸς | conj | high | Conjunct to ναός. |
| 24 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of second ἦν. |
| 25 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of second coordinated clause. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ξόανα γὰρ δὴ τότε εἶναι πείθομαι πάντα καὶ μάλιστα τὰ Αἰγύπτια.
The syntax is an infinitival complement depending on πείθομαι, with ξόανα as the accusative subject of εἶναι; the article-headed phrase τὰ Αἰγύπτια is coordinated to the quantifier-like πάντα as part of the predicate content.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ξόανα | ξόανον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | Accusative subject/complement of the infinitival clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PRT | _ | 6 πείθομαι | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 6 πείθομαι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | _ | 6 πείθομαι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the finite verb. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement with ellipsis-like predicate structure. |
| 6 | πείθομαι | πείθομαι | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb, 'I am persuaded / I believe'. |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ξόανα | amod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative 'in all respects' or modifying ξόανα; attached to noun as safest parse. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 μάλιστα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D- | _ | 6 πείθομαι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the main verb/predicate. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Αἰγύπτια | det | high | Definite article. |
| 11 | Αἰγύπτια | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ξόανα | amod | high | Attributive adjective with article, 'the Egyptian [ones]'. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πείθομαι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Δαναὸς δὲ ἱδρύσατο Λύκιον Ἀπόλλωνα ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ.
Straightforward main clause; ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ is a prepositional oblique expressing cause or motive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαναὸς | Δαναός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσατο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἱδρύσατο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἱδρύσατο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἱδρύσατο | ἱδρύω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 4 | Λύκιον | Λύκιος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀπόλλωνα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Ἀπόλλωνα. |
| 5 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσατο | obj | high | Direct object of ἱδρύσατο. |
| 6 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 7 αἰτίᾳ | case | high | Preposition taking dative. |
| 7 | αἰτίᾳ | αἰτία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσατο | obl | high | Prepositional oblique phrase. |
| 8 | τοιαύτῃ | τοιοῦτος | DET | PD-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 αἰτίᾳ | amod | high | Demonstrative modifying αἰτίᾳ. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἱδρύσατο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
παραγενόμενος ἐς τὸ Ἄργος ἠμφισβήτει πρὸς Γελάνορα τὸν Σθενέλα περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς.
The clause begins with a circumstantial participle (‘having come to Argos’) and the main verb governs two prepositional obliques: πρός + acc for the person disputed against, and περί + gen for the subject of dispute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραγενόμενος | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMPMSN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 4 Ἄργος | case | high | Introduces motion into a place. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἄργος | det | high | Article modifying Ἄργος. |
| 4 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 παραγενόμενος | obl | high | Object of motion with ἐς. |
| 5 | ἠμφισβήτει | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V-IIA-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 7 Γελάνορα | case | high | Marks the opponent/relationship. |
| 7 | Γελάνορα | Γέλανωρ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | obl | medium | Likely object of πρός; proper name in accusative. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Σθενέλα | det | high | Article modifying Σθενέλα. |
| 9 | Σθενέλα | Σθενέλας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Γελάνορα | appos | high | Apposition to Γελάνορα, specifying the patronymic. |
| 10 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 12 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Introduces the matter of dispute. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 12 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | obl | high | Genitive complement with περί. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ῥηθέντων δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ δήμου παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐπαγωγῶν καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον δίκαια λέγειν τοῦ Γελάνορος δόξαντος, ὁ μὲν δῆμος ὑπερέθετο---φασὶν--- ἐς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν κρίνειν·
The syntax is dense: two genitive absolutes frame an infinitival content clause, and the quoted parenthetical φασίν interrupts the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ῥηθέντων | λέγω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 λέγειν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 5 δήμου | case | high | Governed by δήμου. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 δήμου | det | high | Article. |
| 5 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ῥηθέντων | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in temporal/situational phrase. |
| 6 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 8 πολλῶν | case | high | With ἀμφοτέρων. |
| 7 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 λέγειν | obl | medium | Likely dependent on λέγειν as genitive of comparison/source; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 8 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 λέγειν | obj | medium | Part of the infinitival phrase πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐπαγωγῶν. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 8 πολλῶν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 ἐπαγωγῶν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐπαγωγῶν with πολλῶν. |
| 11 | ἐπαγωγῶν | ἐπαγωγή | NOUN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 πολλῶν | conj | high | Coordinate with πολλῶν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 δίκαια | cc | high | Connects the two infinitival predicatives. |
| 13 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D | _ | 14 ἧσσον | advmod | high | Negator. |
| 14 | ἧσσον | ἧσσων | ADV | D | _ | 16 λέγειν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative 'less'. |
| 15 | δίκαια | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 λέγειν | obj | medium | Predicative accusative/neuter plural with λέγειν. |
| 16 | λέγειν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 δόξαντος | xcomp | high | Complement of δόξαντος. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Γελάνορος | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | Γελάνορος | Γέλανωρ | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 δόξαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of participle. |
| 19 | δόξαντος | δοκέω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ῥηθέντων | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with λέγειν. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 δῆμος | det | high | Article. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 23 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ὑπερέθετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπερέθετο. |
| 24 | ὑπερέθετο | ὑπερτίθημι | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 ὑπερέθετο | parataxis | high | Parenthetical reported-speech verb. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 35 κρίνειν | case | high | Preposition governing infinitive clause. |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 ἐπιοῦσαν | det | high | Article. |
| 34 | ἐπιοῦσαν | ἔπειμι | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 κρίνειν | amod | high | Substantivized participle modifying implied day. |
| 35 | κρίνειν | κρίνω | VERB | V-PAI---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Complement of φασίν. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |