Grammar parses for passage 2.19.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀργείοις δὲ τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει τὸ ἐπιφανέστατόν ἐστιν Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν Λυκίου.
Predicate nominative construction: τὸ ἐπιφανέστατον is the subject/topic and ἱερόν the nominative predicate, with Ἀπόλλωνος Λυκίου specifying the sanctuary; τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει is a partitive genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-D-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference: ‘for the Argives’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 πόλει | det | medium | Genitive plural neuter article in the partitive phrase; substantival/adjectival complement is elided. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 πόλει | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλει | det | high | |
| 6 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-D-S-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 τῶν | nmod | high | Object of ἐν; τῶν ἐν τῇ πόλει is partitive. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-N-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπιφανέστατόν | det | high | Article substantivizing the superlative. |
| 8 | ἐπιφανέστατόν | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-N-S-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Superl|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter superlative, subject of ἐστιν. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-P-I-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-G-S-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Possessive/attributive genitive modifying ἱερόν. |
| 11 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-N-S-N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative, coordinated semantically with the subject. |
| 12 | Λυκίου | Λύκιος | PROPN | A-G-S-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀπόλλωνος | nmod | high | Genitive epithet agreeing semantically with Ἀπόλλωνος. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν οὖν ἄγαλμα τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀττάλου ποίημα ἦν Ἀθηναίου, τὸ δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Δαναοῦ καὶ ὁ ναὸς καὶ τὸ ξόανον ἀνάθημα ἦν·
Two coordinated nominal clauses: ἄγαλμα is the first subject and ξόανον (with ναός) the second; τὸ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Ἀττάλου is an attributive phrase, probably elliptical for the statue existing in our time, made by an Athenian. The final ἦν is shared by ναὸς καὶ ξόανον; ἀνάθημα is predicate nominative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 4 ἄγαλμα | cc:preconj | high | |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 10 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ποίημα | det | high | |
| 6 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 ἡμῶν | case | high | Crasis/elision form of ἐπί. |
| 7 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-P---G-- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 9 ποίημα | obl | medium | Genitive after ἐπί; phrase is idiomatic/elliptical. |
| 8 | Ἀττάλου | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | NE-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποίημα | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ποίημα | ποίημα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγαλμα | appos | high | Predicate-like apposition to ἄγαλμα. |
| 10 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SI3IA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίου | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | A-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποίημα | nmod | high | Genitive of author/origin: work of an Athenian. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνάθημα | det | high | Article substantivizing the coordinated phrase τὸ ... ξόανον. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 16 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Elided form of ἐκ. |
| 16 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνάθημα | obl | high | Temporal/ablatival genitive phrase, ‘from the beginning’. |
| 17 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | NE-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνάθημα | nmod | high | Genitive of dedication/association. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ναὸς | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ναὸς | det | high | |
| 20 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀνάθημα | conj | high | Coordinated with ξόανον; both are subjects of shared ἦν. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 ξόανον | cc | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 23 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ναὸς | conj | high | Coordinated subject with ναός. |
| 24 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 25 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SI3IA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | conj | high | Second coordinated copular clause; its subject is ναὸς καὶ ξόανον. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἦν | punct | high |
ξόανα γὰρ δὴ τότε εἶναι πείθομαι πάντα καὶ μάλιστα τὰ Αἰγύπτια.
πείθομαι governs εἶναι; πάντα is best treated as the neuter plural predicative subject of the infinitive, with τὰ Αἰγύπτια coordinated as a more specific subset/emphasis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ξόανα | ξόανον | NOUN | Nb-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 πείθομαι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | g-------- | Polarity=Pos | 6 πείθομαι | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | g-------- | _ | 6 πείθομαι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 5 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the construction πείθομαι εἶναι. |
| 6 | πείθομαι | πείθω | VERB | V1SPI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice means ‘I am persuaded/I believe’. |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A--NPN--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Predicative nominative with εἶναι; could also be analyzed as an accusative subject under an infinitive. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Αἰγύπτια | cc | high | |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 11 Αἰγύπτια | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying τὰ Αἰγύπτια. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--NPN--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 Αἰγύπτια | det | high | |
| 11 | Αἰγύπτια | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A--NPN--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πάντα | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with πάντα; τὰ is its determiner. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πείθομαι | punct | high |
Δαναὸς δὲ ἱδρύσατο Λύκιον Ἀπόλλωνα ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ.
Δαναός is the subject of ἱδρύσατο; Λύκιον Ἀπόλλωνα is the accusative object/name, and ἐπὶ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ is a causal prepositional phrase. The form ἱδρύσατο is middle aorist, plausibly with benefactive/reflexive force.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαναὸς | Δαναός | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 3 ἱδρύσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱδρύσατο | ἱδρύω | VERB | V3SAMI | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle; exact semantic force is context-dependent. |
| 4 | Λύκιον | Λύκιος | ADJ | A--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀπόλλωνα | amod | high | Epithet of Ἀπόλλωνα. |
| 5 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσατο | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R----- | _ | 7 αἰτίᾳ | case | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 7 | αἰτίᾳ | αἰτία | NOUN | N--SFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσατο | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί; causal circumstance. |
| 8 | τοιαύτῃ | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A--SFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 αἰτίᾳ | amod | high | |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἱδρύσατο | punct | high |
παραγενόμενος ἐς τὸ Ἄργος ἠμφισβήτει πρὸς Γελάνορα τὸν Σθενέλα περὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς.
Aorist middle participle παραγενόμενος is a circumstantial adverbial clause modifying the imperfect main verb; the two accusatives after πρός form a person plus appositional name.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραγενόμενος | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-PA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | advcl | high | |
| 2 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 4 Ἄργος | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Ἄργος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 παραγενόμενος | obl | high | Destination with ἐς. |
| 5 | ἠμφισβήτει | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | _ | 7 Γελάνορα | case | high | |
| 7 | Γελάνορα | Γελάνορ | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | obl | high | Person targeted by the dispute, governed by πρός. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Σθενέλα | det | high | |
| 9 | Σθενέλα | Σθενέλαος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Γελάνορα | appos | medium | Appositional patronymic/name identification; form may reflect a declined name variant. |
| 10 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 12 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | obl | high | περί with genitive marks the subject/matter of dispute. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἠμφισβήτει | punct | high |
ῥηθέντων δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ δήμου παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων πολλῶν τε καὶ ἐπαγωγῶν καὶ οὐχ ἧσσον δίκαια λέγειν τοῦ Γελάνορος δόξαντος, ὁ μὲν δῆμος ὑπερέθετο---φασὶν--- ἐς τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν κρίνειν·
The opening genitive construction is syntactically layered: ῥηθέντων introduces what was said before the dêmos, while Γελάνορος δόξαντος is a genitive participial clause meaning that Gelanor was judged/supposed to speak no less justly; the final infinitive κρίνειν is complementary to ὑπερέθετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ῥηθέντων | λέγω | VERB | V--APP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 δόξαντος | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ῥηθέντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 δήμου | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 δήμου | det | high | |
| 5 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ῥηθέντων | obl | high | With ἐπί: before/in the assembly. |
| 6 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | |
| 7 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | PRON | PX-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πολλῶν | nmod | high | Genitive of source with πολλῶν. |
| 8 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 δόξαντος | obl | medium | Substantival/adjectival genitive coordinated with ἐπαγωγῶν and δίκαια. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 πολλῶν | cc | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐπαγωγῶν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐπαγωγῶν | ἐπαγωγός | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πολλῶν | conj | medium | Adjective, substantivized or agreeing with omitted λόγων. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 δίκαια | cc | high | |
| 13 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 ἧσσον | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ἧσσον | ἧσσον | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 15 δίκαια | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative: no less. |
| 15 | δίκαια | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 λέγειν | obj | medium | Neuter plural substantive/adjectival object of λέγειν. |
| 16 | λέγειν | λέγω | VERB | V--PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 δόξαντος | acl | medium | Infinitival complement associated with δόξαντος. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Γελάνορος | det | high | |
| 18 | Γελάνορος | Γελάνωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 δόξαντος | nmod | high | Genitive subject/agent of δόξαντος. |
| 19 | δόξαντος | δοκέω | VERB | V--AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ὑπερέθετο | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute or genitive participial construction; agrees with Γελάνορος. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 δόξαντος | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 23 δῆμος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is implicit or delayed. |
| 23 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ὑπερέθετο | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | ὑπερέθετο | ὑπερτίθημι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 28 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 24 ὑπερέθετο | parataxis | high | Parenthetical reporting verb. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 τὴν | case | high | |
| 33 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἐπιοῦσαν | det | high | |
| 34 | ἐπιοῦσαν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V--PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ὑπερέθετο | obl | medium | Substantivized participle, 'the coming day'; ἐς governs it. |
| 35 | κρίνειν | κρίνω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 ὑπερέθετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ὑπερέθετο. |
| 36 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὑπερέθετο | punct | high |