Grammar parses for passage 2.19.4
Open translation for this passage
ἀρχομένης δὲ ἡμέρας ἐς βοῶν ἀγέλην νεμομένην πρὸ τοῦ τείχους ἐσπίπτει λύκος, προσπεσὼν δὲ ἐμάχετο πρὸς ταῦρον ἡγεμόνα τῶν βοῶν.
Temporal genitive absolute ἀρχομένης ἡμέρας; ἀγέλην is the object of νεμομένην and is modified by the participle, while λύκος is the subject of ἐσπίπτει. In the second clause, προσπεσών is circumstantial and ταῦρον ἡγεμόνα is the object/predicative description of the bull as leader.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀρχομένης | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PPPart.Gen.Sg.Fem.Med | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Med | 3 ἡμέρας | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐμάχετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡμέρας | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐσπίπτει | obl | high | Genitive absolute noun with ἀρχομένης. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἀγέλην | case | high | |
| 5 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀγέλην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγέλην. |
| 6 | ἀγέλην | ἀγέλη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 νεμομένην | obj | high | Object of νεμομένην. |
| 7 | νεμομένην | νέμω | VERB | V-PPPart.Acc.Sg.Fem.Med | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Med | 11 ἐσπίπτει | advcl | medium | Participial adjunct, agreeing with implied feminine subject ἀγέλην. |
| 8 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 τείχους | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τείχους | det | high | |
| 10 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 νεμομένην | obl | high | Object of spatial preposition πρὸ. |
| 11 | ἐσπίπτει | ἐσπίπτω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | λύκος | λύκος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐσπίπτει | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐσπίπτει | punct | high | |
| 14 | προσπεσὼν | προσπίπτω | VERB | V-APA-Nsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐμάχετο | advcl | high | Agrees with λύκος; circumstantial aorist participle. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐμάχετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | ἐμάχετο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-IIM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 11 ἐσπίπτει | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 17 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ταῦρον | case | high | |
| 18 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐμάχετο | obl | high | Opponent selected by μάχομαι with πρός. |
| 19 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ταῦρον | appos | medium | Appositional/predicative characterization of ταῦρον. |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 βοῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἡγεμόνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἡγεμόνα. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐμάχετο | punct | high |
παρίσταται δὴ τοῖς Ἀργείοις τῷ μὲν Γελάνορα, Δαναὸν δὲ εἰκάσαι τῷ λύκῳ, ὅτι οὔτε τὸ θηρίον τοῦτό ἐστιν ἀνθρώποις σύντροφον οὔτε Δαναός σφισιν ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ χρόνου.
The sentence uses an idiomatic infinitival comparison: εἰκάσαι takes the accusative figures Γελάνορα and Δαναόν and the dative λύκῳ; the ὅτι-clause explains the contrast through coordinated οὔτε ... οὔτε clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρίσταται | παρίστημι | VERB | V-PIE-3S-M/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive-like construction introducing the comparison. |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | 粒 | _ | 1 παρίσταται | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀργείοις | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 παρίσταται | obl | high | Dative of the Argives, with τοῖς. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Γελάνορα | det | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 7 Γελάνορα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 10. |
| 7 | Γελάνορα | Γελάνωρ | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰκάσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the infinitival comparison. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 Γελάνορα | punct | high | |
| 9 | Δαναὸν | Δαναός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰκάσαι | obj | high | Second accusative coordinated member of the comparison. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 9 Δαναὸν | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν at token 6. |
| 11 | εἰκάσαι | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-IAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 παρίσταται | xcomp | medium | Aorist infinitive in a construction of comparison/likening; exact governing relation is somewhat idiomatic. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λύκῳ | det | high | |
| 13 | λύκῳ | λύκος | NOUN | N-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰκάσαι | obl | high | Dative complement of εἰκάσαι, ‘liken to the wolf’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰκάσαι | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CS | _ | 11 εἰκάσαι | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory clause. |
| 16 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 20 ἐστιν | cc | high | First member of οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 θηρίον | det | high | |
| 18 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | τοῦτό | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 θηρίον | det | high | Postposed demonstrative modifying θηρίον. |
| 20 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ὅτι | ccomp | high | First explanatory clause. |
| 21 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-DPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 σύντροφον | obl | high | Dative with σύντροφος, ‘familiar/companion to humans’. |
| 22 | σύντροφον | σύντροφος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 23 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | 粒 | _ | 24 Δαναός | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 24 | Δαναός | Δαναός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated subject of the explanatory predicate. |
| 25 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 Δαναός | obl | high | Dative of relation with Δαναός. |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 27 ἐκεῖνο | case | high | |
| 27 | ἐκεῖνο | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | D-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 29 χρόνου | det | medium | Substantivized/elliptical temporal phrase with τοῦ χρόνου. |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 χρόνου | det | high | |
| 29 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Δαναός | obl | medium | Temporal genitive within ἐς ἐκεῖνο τοῦ χρόνου. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρίσταται | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸν ταῦρον κατειργάσατο ὁ λύκος, διὰ τοῦτο ὁ Δαναὸς ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν.
Temporal ἐπεί-clause: the wolf is the agent of κατειργάσατο and ταῦρον its object; διὰ τοῦτο introduces the main result, with Δαναός as subject of ἔσχε and ἀρχήν as object. The aorist middle κατειργάσατο is parsed as an active-meaning middle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 κατειργάσατο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 κατειργάσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ταῦρον | det | high | |
| 4 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κατειργάσατο | obj | high | |
| 5 | κατειργάσατο | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-3AMI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 13 ἔσχε | advcl | medium | Middle form with active/resultative sense in context. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λύκος | det | high | |
| 7 | λύκος | λύκος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κατειργάσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατειργάσατο | punct | high | |
| 9 | διὰ | διά | ADP | P | _ | 10 τοῦτο | case | high | With accusative τοῦτο, expressing cause/result ('because of this'). |
| 10 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 ἔσχε | obl | high | Object of διά, functioning as causal adjunct. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Δαναὸς | det | high | |
| 12 | Δαναὸς | Δαναός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχε | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἀρχήν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχε | obj | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔσχε | punct | high |
οὕτω δὴ νομίζων Ἀπόλλωνα ἐπὶ τὴν ἀγέλην ἐπαγαγεῖν τῶν βοῶν τὸν λύκον, ἱδρύσατο Ἀπόλλωνος ἱερὸν Λυκίου.
The participle νομίζων introduces an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Ἀπόλλωνα is the infinitive's accusative subject, while τὸν λύκον is its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 3 νομίζων | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 νομίζων | discourse | high | |
| 3 | νομίζων | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἱδρύσατο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with the main-clause subject. |
| 4 | Ἀπόλλωνα | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | Nb----AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπαγαγεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἀγέλην | case | high | With accusative, indicating motion toward. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SAFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀγέλην | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀγέλην | ἀγέλη | NOUN | Nb----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπαγαγεῖν | obl | high | Goal/location complement of ἐπαγαγεῖν. |
| 8 | ἐπαγαγεῖν | ἐπάγω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 νομίζων | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by νομίζων. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PGPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 βοῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | Nb----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγέλην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγέλην. |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 λύκον | det | high | |
| 12 | λύκον | λύκος | NOUN | Nb----AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπαγαγεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἐπαγαγεῖν, coordinated semantically with the accusative subject Ἀπόλλωνα. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἱδρύσατο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἱδρύσατο | ἱδρύω | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | Nb----GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 16 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 16 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | Nb----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἱδρύσατο | obj | high | |
| 17 | Λυκίου | Λύκιος | ADJ | A----GMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀπόλλωνος | amod | medium | Genitive epithet agreeing with Ἀπόλλωνος; alternatively interpretable as a substantivized divine epithet. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἱδρύσατο | punct | high |