Grammar parses for passage 2.19.7
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ ναοῦ δέ ἐστιν ἐντὸς Λάδας ποδῶν ὠκύτητι ὑπερβαλλόμενος τοὺς ἐφʼ αὑτοῦ καὶ Ἑρμῆς ἐς λύρας ποίησιν χελώνην ᾑρηκώς.
The sentence is syntactically compressed: ὑπερβαλλόμενος and ᾑρηκώς are coordinated participles, while the comparison involving Λάδας, those contemporary with him, and Ἑρμῆς is difficult to resolve from token order alone.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-dsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 2 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N-dsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject with ἐστίν; locative/existential construction. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐστιν | advmod | high | With following genitive, expressing location. |
| 6 | Λάδας | Λάδας | PROPN | N-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερβαλλόμενος | obl | medium | Proper name in the genitive, likely dependent on ὑπερβαλλόμενος: surpassing Ladas in swiftness. |
| 7 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὠκύτητι | nmod | high | Genitive of measure/specification with ὠκύτητι. |
| 8 | ὠκύτητι | ὠκύτης | NOUN | N-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερβαλλόμενος | obl | high | |
| 9 | ὑπερβαλλόμενος | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-PPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ἐστιν | acl | medium | Attributive circumstantial participle modifying an understood masculine subject; exact attachment of Λάδας is uncertain. |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-apm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐφʼ | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 αὑτοῦ | case | high | Elided preposition governing αὑτοῦ. |
| 12 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 ὑπερβαλλόμενος | obl | medium | With ἐφʼ, ‘those contemporary with him/them’; token sequence is syntactically compressed. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Ἑρμῆς | cc | medium | Coordinates Ἑρμῆς with the preceding comparison set. |
| 14 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N-nsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερβαλλόμενος | conj | medium | Proper name, apparently an additional comparison subject/object in the compressed participial phrase. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 17 ποίησιν | case | high | |
| 16 | λύρας | λύρα | NOUN | N-gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ποίησιν | nmod | high | Genitive of relation/specification with ποίησιν. |
| 17 | ποίησιν | ποίησις | NOUN | N-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερβαλλόμενος | obl | high | With ἐς, ‘in making/invention of the lyre’. |
| 18 | χελώνην | χελώνη | NOUN | N-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ᾑρηκώς | obj | high | |
| 19 | ᾑρηκώς | αἱρέω | VERB | V-RPA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ὑπερβαλλόμενος | conj | medium | Perfect participle coordinated with ὑπερβαλλόμενος; subject is the understood masculine figure. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἔστι δὲ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ ναοῦ βόθρος πεποιημένα ἐν τύπῳ ταύρου μάχην ἔχων καὶ λύκου, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς παρθένον ἀφιεῖσαν πέτραν ἐπὶ τὸν ταῦρον·
The phrase πεποιημένα ... βόθρος is morphologically incongruent as transmitted (neuter plural participle with masculine singular βόθρος); it is analyzed as a passive/resultative modifier with low confidence. ἔχων governs μάχην and genitives ταύρου, λύκου; ἀφιεῖσαν is treated as a participle modifying παρθένον, with πέτραν as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 βόθρος | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 βόθρος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADP | ADV | _ | 6 βόθρος | case | medium | Preposition governing τοῦ ναοῦ. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἔμπροσθεν | obl | high | |
| 6 | βόθρος | βόθρος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative with ἔστι. |
| 7 | πεποιημένα | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-NA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 6 βόθρος | amod | low | Transmitted form is neuter plural and does not agree with masculine singular βόθρος; likely textual or syntactic irregularity. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 τύπῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | τύπῳ | τύπος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποιημένα | obl | high | |
| 10 | ταύρου | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τύπῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on τύπῳ, ‘in the form/image of a bull’. |
| 11 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 βόθρος | acl | high | Participial modifier of βόθρος. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 λύκου | cc | high | |
| 14 | λύκου | λύκος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχων | nmod | high | Genitive coordinated with ταύρου and dependent on μάχην/ἔχων. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἔχων | punct | high | |
| 16 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 αὐτοῖς | cc | high | |
| 18 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 ἔχων | obl | high | Dative complement of σὺν. |
| 19 | παρθένον | παρθένος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀφιεῖσαν | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object-like participant of ἀφιεῖσαν; construed as the represented maiden. |
| 20 | ἀφιεῖσαν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἔχων | conj | medium | Participial continuation coordinated semantically with ἔχων; feminine accusative agrees with παρθένον. |
| 21 | πέτραν | πέτρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἀφιεῖσαν | obj | high | |
| 22 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 ταῦρον | case | high | With accusative, directional/goal sense. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ταῦρον | det | high | |
| 24 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀφιεῖσαν | obl | high | Goal complement of ἐπί. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 βόθρος | punct | high |
Ἄρτεμιν δὲ εἶναι νομίζουσι τὴν παρθένον.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction: Ἄρτεμιν is the accusative subject of εἶναι, while τὴν παρθένον is its predicate accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄρτεμιν | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νομίζουσι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive, also functioning as the raised object of νομίζουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 νομίζουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 νομίζουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of νομίζουσι. |
| 4 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παρθένον | det | high | |
| 6 | παρθένον | παρθένος | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἶναι | attr | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 νομίζουσι | punct | high |
Δαναὸς δὲ ταῦτά τε ἀνέθηκε καὶ πλησίον κίονας καὶ Διὸς καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ξόανον.
Ταῦτά ... καὶ ... κίονας forms the coordinated objects of ἀνέθηκε; πλησίον is an adverbial modifier meaning 'nearby', while Διὸς καὶ Ἀρτέμιδος ξόανον is an additional coordinated object, with the two genitives dependent on ξόανον. The exact scope of καὶ at token 9 is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαναὸς | Δαναός | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκε | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ταῦτά | οὗτος | PRON | P---NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀνέθηκε | obj | high | Demonstrative pronoun, coordinated with the following object by τε. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ταῦτά | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἀνέθηκε | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V---AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 κίονας | cc | medium | Coordinates the first object phrase with κίονας; πλησίον is adverbial within this second conjunct. |
| 7 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 κίονας | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'nearby/near'; semantically modifies the placement or κίονας. |
| 8 | κίονας | κίων | NOUN | N----APA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀνέθηκε | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἀνέθηκε. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ξόανον | cc | medium | Coordinates the ξόανον phrase with the preceding object phrase. |
| 10 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ξόανον | nmod | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 Ἀρτέμιδος | cc | high | |
| 12 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ξόανον | nmod | high | Genitive coordinated with Διὸς and dependent on ξόανον. |
| 13 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N----NSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνέθηκε | obj | high | Third coordinated object of ἀνέθηκε. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνέθηκε | punct | high |