Grammar parses for passage 2.20.1
Open translation for this passage
παρέντι δὲ Κρεύγα τε εἰκόνα ἀνδρὸς πύκτου καὶ τρόπαιον ἐπὶ Κορινθίοις ἀνασταθέν, ἄγαλμά ἐστι καθήμενον Διὸς Μειλιχίου, λίθου λευκοῦ, Πολυκλείτου δὲ ἔργον.
The sentence has a compressed catalog-like structure: a root nominal clause (ἄγαλμά ἐστι) followed by participial/attributive modifiers and appositional identification; the opening παρέντι phrase is syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PPP-DPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἄγαλμά | advcl | medium | Likely dative absolute/attendant circumstance with the participle; form is somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμά | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Κρεύγα | Κρεύγας | PROPN | NNP-? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἰκόνα | amod | low | Proper name form is uncertain; likely dependent on εἰκόνα as a genitive/appositional qualifier is not fully clear. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 5 εἰκόνα | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 5 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγαλμά | obj | high | Coordinate with τρόπαιον as object of the participial description / implied verb. |
| 6 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πύκτου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πύκτου. |
| 7 | πύκτου | πύκτης | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | Genitive phrase modifying εἰκόνα. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 τρόπαιον | cc | high | Coordinates εἰκόνα and τρόπαιον. |
| 9 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 εἰκόνα | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 11 Κορινθίοις | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 11 | Κορινθίοις | Κορίνθιος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀνασταθέν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 12 | ἀνασταθέν | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-APP-NSN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 εἰκόνα | acl | medium | Participial modifier of τρόπαιον; agreement is with τρόπαιον if taken as neuter singular, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμά | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate nominal. |
| 15 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 ἄγαλμά | cop | high | Copula. |
| 16 | καθήμενον | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PPP-NSN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἄγαλμά | amod | medium | Predicative participle modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 17 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καθήμενον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on καθήμενον, indicating the god represented. |
| 18 | Μειλιχίου | Μειλίχιος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Διὸς | amod | high | Epithet modifying Διός. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμά | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγαλμά | nmod | high | Material genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 21 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 λίθου | amod | high | Modifies λίθου. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμά | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | Πολυκλείτου | Πολύκλειτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἔργον | nmod | high | Possessive/author genitive dependent on ἔργον. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἔργον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 25 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγαλμά | appos | high | Appositional further identification of ἄγαλμα. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμά | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ποιηθῆναι δὲ ἐπυνθανόμην αὐτὸ ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ.
The syntax is straightforward overall, with a complementary infinitive after ἐπυνθανόμην and a prepositional phrase ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ modifying the verb; αὐτὸ is somewhat context-dependent in its exact role.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποιηθῆναι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AORINF-PASS | Aspect=Perf?|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐπυνθανόμην. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐπυνθανόμην | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-IMP-I-M/P-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 4 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | obj | medium | Likely direct object, though context could also allow internal argument to the infinitive. |
| 5 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αἰτίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | αἰτίᾳ | αἰτία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | obl | high | Prepositional complement of the main verb. |
| 7 | τοιαύτῃ | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 αἰτίᾳ | amod | high | Attributive modifier of αἰτίᾳ. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίοις πολεμεῖν πρὸς Ἀργείους ἀρξαμένοις οὐδεμία ἦν ἔτι ἀπαλλαγή, πρὶν ἢ Φίλιππος σφᾶς ἠνάγκασεν ὁ Ἀμύντου μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς καθεστηκόσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὅροις τῆς χώρας.
The opening participial phrase is somewhat compressed; ἀρξαμένοις is treated as a dative participial modifier of the dative subject Λακεδαιμονίοις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πολεμεῖν | obl | high | Dative plural substantive modifying πολεμεῖν. |
| 2 | πολεμεῖν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | acl | high | Infinitival clause dependent on ἀπαλλαγή. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 4 Ἀργείους | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀργείους. |
| 4 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πολεμεῖν | obl | high | Object of πρὸς with infinitive. |
| 5 | ἀρξαμένοις | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-AMPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 2 πολεμεῖν | advcl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις; function somewhat uncertain. |
| 6 | οὐδεμία | οὐδείς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | det | high | Attributive modifier of ἀπαλλαγή. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | cop | high | Copula for ἀπαλλαγή. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀπαλλαγή / clause predicate. |
| 9 | ἀπαλλαγή | ἀπαλλαγή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠνάγκασεν in the temporal-causal frame. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 πρὶν | fixed | medium | Part of correlative πρὶν ἢ. |
| 13 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 14 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 15 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀμύντου | det | high | Definite article with patronymic genitive. |
| 17 | Ἀμύντου | Ἀμύντας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Φίλιππος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Φίλιππος, forming patronymic identification. |
| 18 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 24 ὅροις | case | high | Preposition governing ὅροις. |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 καθεστηκόσιν | det | high | Article with participle used substantively. |
| 21 | καθεστηκόσιν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ὅροις | amod | high | Participial modifier of ὅροις. |
| 22 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 23 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 23 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ὅροις | nmod | high | Genitive with preposition ἐξ. |
| 24 | ὅροις | ὅρος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 μένειν | obl | high | Oblique complement of μένειν with prepositional phrase. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 χώρας | det | high | Article with χώρας. |
| 26 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ὅροις | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὅροις. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τὸν δὲ ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι μηδὲν ἔξω Πελοποννήσου περιεργαζόμενοι τῆς Ἀργείας ἀεί τι ἀπετέμνοντο, ἢ οἱ Ἀργεῖοι τετραμμένων πρὸς πόλεμον ἐκείνων ὑπερόριον ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ καὶ αὐτοί σφισιν ἐνέκειντο.
The sentence has two contrasted clauses joined by ἤ; the participial material is partly difficult, especially τετραμμένων/ἐκείνων and ὑπερόριον, whose exact syntactic attachment is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χρόνον | det | high | Modifies χρόνον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 4 χρόνον | amod | medium | Adverbial modifier of χρόνον used attributively. |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | obj | high | Accusative time expression with ἀπετέμνοντο. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 6 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπετέμνοντο. |
| 7 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 περιεργαζόμενοι | obj | high | Object of περιεργαζόμενοι. |
| 8 | ἔξω | ἔξω | ADV | _ | _ | 10 περιεργαζόμενοι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying περιεργαζόμενοι. |
| 9 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔξω | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἔξω. |
| 10 | περιεργαζόμενοι | περιεργάζομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἀργείας | det | high | Article with Ἀργείας. |
| 12 | Ἀργείας | Ἀργεία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χρόνον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of χρόνον; likely 'of Argive [land/territory]'. |
| 13 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | _ | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀπετέμνοντο. |
| 14 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | obj | high | Indefinite object with ἀπετέμνοντο. |
| 15 | ἀπετέμνοντο | ἀποτέμνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | Introduces the alternative second clause. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἀργεῖοι. |
| 19 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνέκειντο. |
| 20 | τετραμμένων | τρέπω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 ἐκείνων | advcl | low | Likely genitive absolute participle; agreement is irregular/suspect in transmitted text. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 22 πόλεμον | case | high | Preposition governing πόλεμον. |
| 22 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 τετραμμένων | obl | high | Object of πρὸς within the participial phrase. |
| 23 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 τετραμμένων | nsubj | medium | Interpreted as genitive absolute subject with τετραμμένων. |
| 24 | ὑπερόριον | ὑπερόριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνέκειντο | obj | low | Syntax uncertain; perhaps adverbial/object-like use in compressed clause. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 27 τοιούτῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 τοιούτῳ | det | high | Article with τοιούτῳ. |
| 27 | τοιούτῳ | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ὑπερόριον | obl | medium | Likely complements ἐν. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 αὐτοί | cc | high | Connects αὐτοί. |
| 29 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 31 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | high | Focused subject of ἐνέκειντο. |
| 30 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 ἐνέκειντο | iobj | medium | Dative dependent of ἐνέκειντο, probably 'to/against them'. |
| 31 | ἐνέκειντο | ἐνκείμαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐνέκειντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |