Grammar parses for passage 2.20.1
Open translation for this passage
παρέντι δὲ Κρεύγα τε εἰκόνα ἀνδρὸς πύκτου καὶ τρόπαιον ἐπὶ Κορινθίοις ἀνασταθέν, ἄγαλμά ἐστι καθήμενον Διὸς Μειλιχίου, λίθου λευκοῦ, Πολυκλείτου δὲ ἔργον.
The opening dative absolute παρέντι δέ introduces the contextual setting; τρόπαιον and ἄγαλμα are neuter syncretic nominative subjects/predicative descriptions of ἐστι, with ἔργον added as a final predicate nominative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PPArt-Act-Dat-Sg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐστι | advcl | medium | Dative absolute with δέ; contextual sense ‘while/when present’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 παρέντι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Κρεύγα | Κρεύγας | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἰκόνα | nmod | medium | Name of the pankratiast; accusative dependent on εἰκόνα in appositional/genitival-like specification. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 Κρεύγα | cc | high | |
| 5 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τρόπαιον | conj | medium | First coordinated object/description alongside τρόπαιον. |
| 6 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | |
| 7 | πύκτου | πύκτης | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive ‘of a boxer’; dependent within the description of the man. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 τρόπαιον | cc | high | |
| 9 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστι | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominative-predicate subject phrase despite accusative-looking neuter form; nominative and accusative are syncretic. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 Κορινθίοις | case | high | |
| 11 | Κορινθίοις | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 τρόπαιον | nmod | high | Dative with ἐπί, ‘over/against the Corinthians’. |
| 12 | ἀνασταθέν | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-APPart-Pass-Nom-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 τρόπαιον | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with τρόπαιον. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀνασταθέν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἄγαλμά | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative subject of ἐστι; coordinated descriptive subject with τρόπαιον. |
| 15 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIAct-Ind-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | καθήμενον | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PPPart-Med-Nom-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἄγαλμά | acl | high | Agrees with ἄγαλμα; ‘seated’. |
| 17 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Μειλιχίου | nmod | high | |
| 18 | Μειλιχίου | Μειλίχιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καθήμενον | nmod | high | Divine epithet in genitive phrase ‘of Zeus Meilichios’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Μειλιχίου | punct | high | |
| 20 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγαλμά | nmod | high | Material genitive, ‘of white stone’. |
| 21 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 λίθου | amod | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 λίθου | punct | high | |
| 23 | Πολυκλείτου | Πολύκλειτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἔργον | nmod | high | Possessive/agentive genitive, ‘work of Polykleitos’. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 ἔργον | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative coordinated after δέ: ‘[it is] a work’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐστι | punct | high |
ποιηθῆναι δὲ ἐπυνθανόμην αὐτὸ ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ.
Infinitive ποιηθῆναι is the complement of ἐπυνθανόμην; αὐτό is its accusative subject, and ἐπʼ αἰτίᾳ τοιαύτῃ is a causal prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποιηθῆναι | ποιέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | csubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπυνθανόμην | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-IMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ποιηθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αἰτίᾳ | case | high | Elided form before vowel-initial αἰτίᾳ. |
| 6 | αἰτίᾳ | αἰτία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | obl | high | Causal dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 7 | τοιαύτῃ | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 αἰτίᾳ | amod | high | |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐπυνθανόμην | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις πολεμεῖν πρὸς Ἀργείους ἀρξαμένοις οὐδεμία ἦν ἔτι ἀπαλλαγή, πρὶν ἢ Φίλιππος σφᾶς ἠνάγκασεν ὁ Ἀμύντου μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς καθεστηκόσιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὅροις τῆς χώρας.
The sentence has a dative participial construction (Λακεδαιμονίοις ... ἀρξαμένοις), followed by a πρὶν ἤ temporal clause; ὁ Ἀμύντου is a patronymic apposition to Φίλιππος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πολεμεῖν | iobj | high | |
| 2 | πολεμεῖν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἀρξαμένοις | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἀρξαμένοις. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 4 Ἀργείους | case | high | |
| 4 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πολεμεῖν | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἀρξαμένοις | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-ADPMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἦν | advcl | high | Dative absolute-like participial construction, agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 6 | οὐδεμία | οὐδείς | PRON | A--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | det | high | |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | cop | high | |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἀπαλλαγή | ἀπαλλαγή | NOUN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominal of ἦν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | punct | high | |
| 11 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | C | _ | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | mark | high | |
| 12 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 11 πρὶν | fixed | medium | Part of the complex temporal conjunction πρὶν ἤ. |
| 13 | Φίλιππος | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause introduced by πρὶν ἤ. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀμύντου | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀμύντου | Ἀμύντας | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Φίλιππος | appos | high | Patronymic apposition: Philip son of Amyntas. |
| 18 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 24 ὅροις | case | high | |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L--DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 καθεστηκόσιν | det | high | |
| 21 | καθεστηκόσιν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAPNPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ὅροις | amod | high | Substantivized perfect participle, ‘the established [things/conditions]’. |
| 22 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 23 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 23 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 καθεστηκόσιν | obl | high | Temporal/source adjunct modifying καθεστηκόσιν. |
| 24 | ὅροις | ὅρος | NOUN | N--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 μένειν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί with μένειν. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 χώρας | det | high | |
| 26 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ὅροις | nmod | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπαλλαγή | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ ἔμπροσθεν χρόνον οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι μηδὲν ἔξω Πελοποννήσου περιεργαζόμενοι τῆς Ἀργείας ἀεί τι ἀπετέμνοντο, ἢ οἱ Ἀργεῖοι τετραμμένων πρὸς πόλεμον ἐκείνων ὑπερόριον ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ καὶ αὐτοί σφισιν ἐνέκειντο.
The sentence contrasts two recurring explanations: Spartan incursions into Argive territory, or Argive attacks when the Spartans were turned toward an external war; τετραμμένων ἐκείνων is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 4 χρόνον | advmod | high | |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | obl:tmod | high | Accusative of time. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 6 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 περιεργαζόμενοι | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | μηδὲν | μηδείς | PRON | PX-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 10 περιεργαζόμενοι | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔξω | ἔξω | ADV | D--------- | _ | 10 περιεργαζόμενοι | advmod | high | With genitive Πελοποννήσου. |
| 9 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔξω | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἔξω. |
| 10 | περιεργαζόμενοι | περιεργάζομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀργείας | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀργείας | Ἀργεία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 περιεργαζόμενοι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on περιεργάζομαι, marking the Argive territory/affairs. |
| 13 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | D--------- | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | advmod | high | |
| 14 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | obj | high | Indefinite pronoun, adverbial in sense ‘something’. |
| 15 | ἀπετέμνοντο | ἀποτέμνω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first alternative clause. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 31 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | Introduces an alternative explanatory clause. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | τετραμμένων | τρέπω | VERB | V-RMP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐνέκειντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with ἐκείνων. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | AdpType=Prep | 22 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 22 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 τετραμμένων | obl | high | |
| 23 | ἐκείνων | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | RD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 τετραμμένων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 24 | ὑπερόριον | ὑπερόριος | ADV | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘across the border’; form may also be treated as an adverbial adjective. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | AdpType=Prep | 27 τοιούτῳ | case | high | |
| 26 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 τοιούτῳ | det | high | |
| 27 | τοιούτῳ | τοιοῦτος | PRON | RD-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐνέκειντο | obl | medium | Substantivized dative phrase, ‘in such a situation’. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 31 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | |
| 29 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 31 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject, referring to the Argives. |
| 30 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 31 ἐνέκειντο | iobj | medium | Reflexive third-person plural dative; likely ethical/affected dative. |
| 31 | ἐνέκειντο | ἐγκείμεμαι | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | conj | high | Coordinated alternative main verb; ἤ links the alternatives. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀπετέμνοντο | punct | high |