Grammar parses for passage 2.20.2
Open translation for this passage
προηγμένου δὲ ἀμφοτέροις ἐς ἄκρον τοῦ μίσους ἔδοξεν Ἀργείοις λογάδας τρέφειν χιλίους·
Impersonal ἔδοξεν governs the dative experiencer Ἀργείοις and the infinitival complement τρέφειν; the genitive absolute προηγμένου ... μίσους is concessive/temporal, and ἀμφοτέροις is its dative agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προηγμένου | προάγω | VERB | V-PPM-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 7 μίσους | acl:relcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; perfect passive form, with μίσους as its genitive subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔδοξεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀμφοτέροις | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P--------D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual | 1 προηγμένου | obl:agent | medium | Dative agent with passive προηγμένου; dual refers to the two parties. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἄκρον | case | high | |
| 5 | ἄκρον | ἄκρος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 προηγμένου | obl | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, governed by ἐς. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 μίσους | det | high | |
| 7 | μίσους | μῖσος | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 προηγμένου | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject with προηγμένου. |
| 8 | ἔδοξεν | δοκέω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal construction: ‘it seemed good/was decided’. |
| 9 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔδοξεν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer/decision-maker. |
| 10 | λογάδας | λογάς | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τρέφειν | obj | high | Accusative object of τρέφειν. |
| 11 | τρέφειν | τρέφω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἔδοξεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of impersonal ἔδοξεν. |
| 12 | χιλίους | χίλιος | ADJ | A--------A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 λογάδας | amod | high | Predicative/attributive numeral adjective agreeing with λογάδας. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔδοξεν | punct | high |
ἡγεμὼν δὲ ἐτέτακτο ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς Βρύας Ἀργεῖος, ὃς ἄλλα τε ἐς ἄνδρας ὕβρισε τοῦ δήμου καὶ παρθένον κομιζομένην παρὰ τὸν νυμφίον ᾔσχυνεν ἀφελόμενος τοὺς ἄγοντας.
The relative clause has ὃς as subject of ὕβρισε and ᾔσχυνεν; ἄλλα τε is an adverbial ‘among other things’, and παρθένον is the object of ᾔσχυνεν with κομιζομένην and ἀφελόμενος forming participial modifiers/constructions. The antecedent of αὐτοῖς is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐτέτακτο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐτέτακτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐτέτακτο | τάσσω | VERB | V3I---MP3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί; governs dative here. |
| 5 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---MDP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐτέτακτο | obl | medium | Antecedent is supplied by context. |
| 6 | Βρύας | Βρύας | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐτέτακτο | nsubj | high | Predicate/appositional subject name. |
| 7 | Ἀργεῖος | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Βρύας | appos | high | Ethnic/name apposition. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐτέτακτο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P---MN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ὕβρισε | nsubj | high | Relative subject, antecedent Βρύας. |
| 10 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ὕβρισε | advmod | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘other things’. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἄνδρας | case | high | Variant/preposition form of εἰς. |
| 13 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--MPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὕβρισε | obl | high | |
| 14 | ὕβρισε | ὑβρίζω | VERB | V3SAIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 ᾔσχυνεν | conj | high | First coordinated verb in the relative clause. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GMS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δήμου | det | high | |
| 16 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N--MSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἄνδρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄνδρας. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ᾔσχυνεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | παρθένον | παρθένος | NOUN | N--FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ᾔσχυνεν | obj | high | |
| 19 | κομιζομένην | κομίζω | VERB | V-PMPFSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 παρθένον | acl | high | Participial modifier of παρθένον. |
| 20 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 νυμφίον | case | high | With accusative, ‘along/past’. |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L----MSA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 νυμφίον | det | high | |
| 22 | νυμφίον | νυμφίος | NOUN | N--MSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κομιζομένην | obl | high | |
| 23 | ᾔσχυνεν | αἰσχύνω | VERB | V3SIAA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ὕβρισε | conj | high | Coordinated with ὕβρισε. |
| 24 | ἀφελόμενος | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AMPMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 23 ᾔσχυνεν | advcl | high | Conjunct participle with subject coreferential with ὃς. |
| 25 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L---MPA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἄγοντας | det | high | |
| 26 | ἄγοντας | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAPMPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἀφελόμενος | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of ἀφελόμενος. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐτέτακτο | punct | high |
ἐπιλαβούσης δὲ τῆς νυκτὸς τυφλοῖ τὸν Βρύαντα ἡ παῖς φυλάξασα ὑπνωμένον·
Genitive absolute ἐπιλαβούσης τῆς νυκτός sets the time; φυλάξασα is a circumstantial participle agreeing with ἡ παῖς, and ὑπνωμένον modifies τὸν Βρύαντα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιλαβούσης | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AorActPtcpGenSgFem | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 4 νυκτὸς | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τυφλοῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GenSgFem | Case=Genitive|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 νυκτὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | νυκτὸς | νύξ | NOUN | N-GenSgFem | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 τυφλοῖ | obl | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | τυφλοῖ | τυφλόω | VERB | V-PresActInd3Sg | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AccSgMasc | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 Βρύαντα | det | high | |
| 7 | Βρύαντα | Βρύας | PROPN | N-AccSgMasc | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 τυφλοῖ | obj | high | Personal name; accusative object. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NomSgFem | Case=Nominative|Definite=Def|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 παῖς | det | high | |
| 9 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NomSgFem | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 τυφλοῖ | nsubj | high | Feminine noun despite syncretic form. |
| 10 | φυλάξασα | φυλάσσω | VERB | V-AorActPtcpNomSgFem | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 9 παῖς | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with ἡ παῖς. |
| 11 | ὑπνωμένον | ὑπνόω | VERB | V-PerfMPtcpAccSgMasc | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 7 Βρύαντα | acl | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle, predicative/object-oriented: 'while asleep'; accent/form may reflect textual normalization. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 τυφλοῖ | punct | high |
οὐ προεμένων δὲ αὐτὴν τιμωρήσασθαι τοῖς χιλίοις καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου προαχθέντων ἐς μάχην ἀμφοτέρων,
Fragmentary genitive-absolute construction: οὐ προεμένων δὲ αὐτὴν τιμωρήσασθαι governs the complementary infinitive τιμωρήσασθαι; τοῖς χιλίοις is dative with προεμένων, while the second genitive absolute is ἀπὸ τούτου προαχθέντων ἐς μάχην ἀμφοτέρων. Exact antecedents of the participles are context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Df | Polarity=Neg | 5 τιμωρήσασθαι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | προεμένων | προΐημι | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Genitive absolute; contextual subject is understood. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 2 προεμένων | cc | high | |
| 4 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 τιμωρήσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | τιμωρήσασθαι | τιμωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 2 προεμένων | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after προεμένων. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | D-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 χιλίοις | det | high | |
| 7 | χιλίοις | χίλιοι | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 προεμένων | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, dative of agency/association with προεμένων. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 11 προαχθέντων | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 10 τούτου | case | high | |
| 10 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 προαχθέντων | obl | medium | Genitive after ἀπό; referent is contextual. |
| 11 | προαχθέντων | προάγω | VERB | V-APP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 2 προεμένων | conj | medium | Second genitive absolute coordinated with the first; ἀμφοτέρων supplies its subject. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 13 μάχην | case | high | |
| 13 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 προαχθέντων | obl | high | |
| 14 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 προαχθέντων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject of προαχθέντων. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 προεμένων | punct | high |
κρατοῦσιν οἱ τοῦ δήμου, κρατήσαντες δὲ οὐδένα ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ τῶν ἐναντίων ἔλιπον.
The second finite clause is coordinated with the first; κρατήσαντες is a circumstantial aorist participle, and ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ is best analyzed as a causal/motivational oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κρατοῦσιν | κρατέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κρατοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized article: ‘the men/party’. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 δήμου | det | high | |
| 4 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 οἱ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized οἱ. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κρατοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 6 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-APA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 κρατοῦσιν | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, subject shared with οἱ. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 κρατήσαντες | cc | high | |
| 8 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 14 ἔλιπον | obj | high | |
| 9 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | Pγ | _ | 11 θυμοῦ | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 θυμοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | θυμοῦ | θυμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔλιπον | obl | high | ὑπό + genitive expresses cause/agency-like motivation. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐναντίων | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 θυμοῦ | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘of the opponents’. |
| 14 | ἔλιπον | λείπω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 κρατήσαντες | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject shared with κρατοῦσιν/κρατήσαντες. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔλιπον | punct | high |
ὕστερον δὲ ἄλλα τε ἐπηγάγοντο καθάρσια ὡς ἐπὶ αἵματι ἐμφυλίῳ καὶ ἄγαλμα ἀνέθηκαν Μειλιχίου Διός.
ὕστερον is a temporal adverb; ὡς ἐπὶ αἵματι ἐμφυλίῳ is an explanatory/comparative phrase (‘as for civil bloodshed’). The two coordinated finite verbs share the understood subject ‘they’; καθάρσια is the object of ἐπηγάγοντο, and ἄγαλμα the object of ἀνέθηκαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | Adv | Degree=Pos | 5 ἐπηγάγοντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘afterwards’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐπηγάγοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπηγάγοντο | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated with καθάρσια; object of ἐπηγάγοντο. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἄλλα | cc | high | Clitic coordinator linking ἄλλα with καθάρσια. |
| 5 | ἐπηγάγοντο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V3PI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite verb; subject is understood plural ‘they’. |
| 6 | καθάρσια | καθάρσιον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπηγάγοντο | obj | high | Purificatory offerings/rites, object of ἐπηγάγοντο. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 αἵματι | mark | medium | Introduces an explanatory or comparative phrase. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 αἵματι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative here. |
| 9 | αἵματι | αἷμα | NOUN | N-SD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 καθάρσια | nmod | medium | Dative complement in ἐπὶ αἵματι; phrase modifies καθάρσια. |
| 10 | ἐμφυλίῳ | ἐμφύλιος | ADJ | A-SD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 αἵματι | amod | high | Agrees with αἵματι. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 ἀνέθηκαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate with the first. |
| 12 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνέθηκαν | obj | high | Object of ἀνέθηκαν. |
| 13 | ἀνέθηκαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V3PA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπηγάγοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; subject is understood plural ‘they’. |
| 14 | Μειλιχίου | Μειλίχιος | ADJ | A-SG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Διός | amod | high | Epithet agreeing with Διός. |
| 15 | Διός | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-SG--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα: statue of Zeus. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπηγάγοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |