Grammar parses for passage 2.20.3
Open translation for this passage
πλησίον δέ εἰσιν ἐπειργασμένοι λίθῳ Κλέοβις καὶ Βίτων αὐτοί τε ἕλκοντες τὴν ἅμαξαν καὶ ἐπ’ αὐτῇ ἄγοντες τὴν μητέρα ἐς τὸ Ἡραῖον.
The copular predicate is εἰσιν ἐπειργασμένοι λίθῳ, with Κλέοβις καὶ Βίτων as subject; αὐτοί τε introduces coordinated participial descriptions, and ἐπ’ αὐτῇ governs the second participle’s vehicle/location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 εἰσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐπειργασμένοι | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 3 εἰσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate participle with εἰσιν; likely 'worked/carved in stone'. |
| 5 | λίθῳ | λίθος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπειργασμένοι | obl | medium | Dative of material or medium. |
| 6 | Κλέοβις | Κλέοβις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Proper name; singular form despite coordinated subject. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Βίτων | cc | high | |
| 8 | Βίτων | Βίτων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κλέοβις | conj | high | Coordinated proper-name subject. |
| 9 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἕλκοντες | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, resuming Κλέοβις καὶ Βίτων. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἕλκοντες | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating τε. |
| 11 | ἕλκοντες | ἕλκω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐπειργασμένοι | advcl | high | Participial adjunct describing the named pair. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἅμαξαν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἅμαξαν | ἅμαξα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἕλκοντες | obj | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἄγοντες | cc | high | Coordinates the participles ἕλκοντες and ἄγοντες. |
| 15 | ἐπ’ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 16 αὐτῇ | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 16 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 17 ἄγοντες | obl | high | Refers to the wagon/chariot. |
| 17 | ἄγοντες | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἕλκοντες | conj | high | Coordinated participle. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 μητέρα | det | high | |
| 19 | μητέρα | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγοντες | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 22 Ἡραῖον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 Ἡραῖον | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἡραῖον | Ἡραῖον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἄγοντες | obl | high | Sanctuary/place-name, substantivized neuter. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high |
τούτων δὲ ἀπαντικρὺ Νεμείου Διός ἐστιν ἱερόν, ἄγαλμα ὀρθὸν χαλκοῦν, τέχνη Λυσίππου.
Elliptical copular description: τούτων is a genitive of separation/reference with ἀπαντικρύ; ἱερόν is the nominative predicate of ἐστίν, followed by an appositional expansion (ἄγαλμα ... τέχνη Λυσίππου).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀπαντικρὺ | obl | high | Genitive demonstrative governed semantically by ἀπαντικρύ, ‘opposite these/those things’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 ἱερόν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀπαντικρὺ | ἀπαντικρύ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἱερόν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘opposite’; takes a genitive complement. |
| 4 | Νεμείου | Νέμειος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Διός | amod | high | Adjectival epithet modifying Διός. |
| 5 | Διός | Ζεύς | PROPN | NB-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπαντικρὺ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπαντικρύ. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA00 | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἱερόν | cop | high | Copula with nominative predicate ἱερόν. |
| 7 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Substantivized adjective, nominative neuter predicate. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερόν | appos | high | Appositional specification of the sanctuary/object. |
| 10 | ὀρθὸν | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Agrees with ἄγαλμα. |
| 11 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Agrees with ἄγαλμα; ‘bronze’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 τέχνη | punct | high | |
| 13 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | appos | medium | Nominal apposition specifying the work as a product of art/by the art of Lysippus. |
| 14 | Λυσίππου | Λύσιππος | PROPN | NB-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 τέχνη | nmod | high | Possessive/authorial genitive dependent on τέχνη. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἱερόν | punct | high |
μετὰ δὲ αὐτὸ προελθοῦσιν ἐν δεξιᾷ Φορωνέως τάφος ἐστίν· ἐναγίζουσι δὲ καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι τῷ Φορωνεῖ.
The first clause has μετὰ αὐτό as a postpositional temporal phrase with προελθοῦσιν agreeing with an understood subject; ἐν δεξιᾷ means ‘on the right’, while Φορωνέως τάφος is the existential subject. In the second clause, τῷ Φορωνεῖ is a dative sacrificial object/recipient with ἐναγίζουσιν; the form προελθοῦσιν is somewhat ambiguous in isolation but is best read as an aorist active participle, dative plural, agreeing with an understood plural subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 4 προελθοῦσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative αὐτό in a temporal expression. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 ἐστίν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 μετὰ | obl | high | Neuter accusative pronoun in temporal phrase μετὰ αὐτό, ‘after it’. |
| 4 | προελθοῦσιν | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-DPN- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστίν | advcl | medium | Best read as aorist active dative plural participle, with an understood plural subject; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 6 δεξιᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing δεξιᾷ. |
| 6 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A-S---DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 προελθοῦσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine dative, ‘on the right’; attachment to the movement participle is preferred. |
| 7 | Φορωνέως | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | N-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τάφος | nmod:poss | high | Genitive possessor, ‘of Phoroneus’. |
| 8 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Existential subject, ‘a tomb’. |
| 9 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite existential verb. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐναγίζουσι | ἐναγίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστίν | parataxis | high | Finite verb in a coordinated/paratactic second clause, ‘they perform offerings’. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 ἐναγίζουσι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 ἐναγίζουσι | advmod | high | Additive particle, ‘also’. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 15 ἡμᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative ἡμᾶς. |
| 15 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 11 ἐναγίζουσι | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐς, ‘as far as us/in our time’. |
| 16 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἐναγίζουσι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘still’. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Φορωνεῖ | det | high | Article with the dative proper name. |
| 18 | Φορωνεῖ | Φορωνεύς | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐναγίζουσι | iobj | high | Dative object/recipient of ἐναγίζουσι, ‘to Phoroneus’. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐναγίζουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πέραν δὲ τοῦ Νεμείου Διὸς Τύχης ἐστὶν ἐκ παλαιοτάτου ναός, εἰ δὴ Παλαμήδης κύβους εὑρὼν ἀνέθηκεν ἐς τοῦτον τὸν ναόν.
The main clause means “beyond the temple of Nemean Zeus there is a very ancient temple of Tyche”; the εἰ-clause is an embedded conditional/parenthetical tradition, with Παλαμήδης as subject of ἀνέθηκεν and κύβους as its object. πέραν is treated as a preposition governing the genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέραν | πέραν | ADP | ADV/ADP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Νεμείου | case | medium | Postpositive/indeclinable πέραν governs the following genitive phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Διὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | Νεμείου | Νεμειός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Διὸς | amod | high | Adjectival ethnic/place designation modifying Διός. |
| 5 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Τύχης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Τύχης: Tyche of Zeus/Nemean Zeus. |
| 6 | Τύχης | Τύχη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ναός | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/specification with ναός. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P-GEN | AdpType=Prep | 9 παλαιοτάτου | case | high | |
| 9 | παλαιοτάτου | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GSN-SUP | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ναός | amod | high | Superlative genitive, likely partitive/ablatival with ἐκ: “from the most ancient [time]”; elliptical or idiomatic. |
| 10 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 12 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀνέθηκεν | mark | high | Introduces a parenthetical/conditional clause. |
| 13 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 17 ἀνέθηκεν | discourse | medium | Emphatic/discourse particle within the εἰ-clause. |
| 14 | Παλαμήδης | Παλαμήδης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | κύβους | κύβος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | |
| 16 | εὑρὼν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνέθηκεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Παλαμήδης: “having found.” |
| 17 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστὶν | advcl | medium | Predicate of the εἰ-clause; the clause is syntactically parenthetical/conditional relative to the main assertion. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-ACC | AdpType=Prep | 21 ναόν | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | RD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 21 ναόν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner modifying ναόν. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ναόν | det | high | |
| 21 | ναόν | ναός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνέθηκεν | obl | high | Goal/destination of ἀνέθηκεν with ἐς. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐστὶν | punct | high |