Grammar parses for passage 2.20.7
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Κηφισοῦ Μεδούσης λίθου πεποιημένη κεφαλή· Κυκλώπων φασὶν εἶναι καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον.
The second clause is a reported-speech construction with φασίν governing an infinitival clause; ἔργον is treated as the predicative complement of εἶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R--------- | Case=Acc | 4 ἱερὸν | case | high | With accusative object of place/direction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 4 ἱερὸν | cc | high | Postpositive conjunction. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κεφαλή | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying κεφαλή. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---G- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κηφισοῦ | det | high | Article modifying Κηφισοῦ. |
| 6 | Κηφισοῦ | Κηφισός | PROPN | N-S---G-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν. |
| 7 | Μεδούσης | Μεδούσα | PROPN | N-S---G-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 λίθου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of λίθου. |
| 8 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-S---G-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κεφαλή | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of κεφαλή; likely material/source. |
| 9 | πεποιημένη | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPP-NSF | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 κεφαλή | amod | high | Participial modifier agreeing with κεφαλή. |
| 10 | κεφαλή | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-S---N-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main nominal predicate/sentence fragment. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κεφαλή | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | Κυκλώπων | Κύκλωψ | NOUN | N-P---G-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔργον. |
| 13 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 17 ἔργον | ccomp | high | Reported-speech clause; complements εἶναι/ἔργον construction. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασὶν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 17 ἔργον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 16 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἔργον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἔργον. |
| 17 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Accusative complement with εἶναι; syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain in reported speech. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κεφαλή | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ χωρίον τὸ ὄπισθεν καὶ ἐς τόδε Κριτήριον ὀνομάζουσιν, Ὑπερμήστραν ἐνταῦθα ὑπὸ Δαναοῦ κριθῆναι λέγοντες.
The syntax is a naming clause with a participial explanation: ὀνομάζουσιν governs χωρίον, while λέγοντες introduces the reported content with the infinitive κριθῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 χωρίον | det | high | Article modifying χωρίον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Κριτήριον | det | high | Article modifying Κριτήριον. |
| 5 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 χωρίον | amod | medium | Adverbial modifier in attributive use with χωρίον. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates ἐς with the preceding ὄπισθεν. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 χωρίον | case | high | Preposition governing τόδε Κριτήριον. |
| 8 | τόδε | τόδε | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 Κριτήριον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Κριτήριον. |
| 9 | Κριτήριον | κριτήριον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 χωρίον | nmod | medium | Likely appositional/attributive to χωρίον in the name of the place. |
| 10 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | Ὑπερμήστραν | Ὑπερμήστρα | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 λέγοντες | obj | high | Object of λέγοντες / inner infinitival clause. |
| 13 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 κριθῆναι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κριθῆναι. |
| 14 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Δαναοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing Δαναοῦ. |
| 15 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κριθῆναι | obl | high | Agent of passive infinitive. |
| 16 | κριθῆναι | κρίνω | VERB | V--ANP--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 17 λέγοντες | ccomp | medium | Complement of λέγοντες; aorist passive infinitive. |
| 17 | λέγοντες | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | advcl | high | Participial clause explaining the naming. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Περιλάῳ δὲ τούτῳ καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ὑπῆρχε Νεμείων ἀνῃρῆσθαι νίκην παλαίοντι.
The syntax is centered on ὑπῆρχε with an infinitival clause (ἀνῃρῆσθαι νίκην); the genitive Νεμείων and dative participle παλαίοντι are somewhat ambiguous in attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περιλάῳ | Περιλάος | PROPN | Ne-S---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing | 7 ὑπῆρχε | obl | high | Dative proper name, likely the experiencer/possessor with ὑπῆρχε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | Pd-S---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 1 Περιλάῳ | det | high | Modifies Περιλάῳ as demonstrative apposition/identification. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 πρότερον | cc | high | Connective conjunction. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D--------- | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying ὑπῆρχε. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D--------- | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ὑπῆρχε. |
| 7 | ὑπῆρχε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 8 | Νεμείων | Νεμέα | PROPN | N-p---FG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plur | 10 νίκην | nmod | medium | Likely genitive of place/source with νίκην or the infinitival clause; parsing is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | ἀνῃρῆσθαι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-RNM-- | Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Middle | 7 ὑπῆρχε | csubj | high | Infinitival clausal subject/complement of ὑπῆρχε. |
| 10 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνῃρῆσθαι | obj | high | Object of the infinitive ἀνῃρῆσθαι. |
| 11 | παλαίοντι | παλαίω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 9 ἀνῃρῆσθαι | advcl | medium | Dative participle, probably referring to Περιλάῳ/τούτῳ; exact attachment is slightly uncertain. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |