Grammar parses for passage 2.20.7
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Κηφισοῦ Μεδούσης λίθου πεποιημένη κεφαλή· Κυκλώπων φασὶν εἶναι καὶ τοῦτο ἔργον.
The first clause is an elliptical nominal description: “beside the sanctuary ... [is] a head made of stone.” The second clause has φασίν with an accusative-and-infinitive-like complement, though τοῦτο is nominative/neuter and may be treated as the infinitive’s subject/predicate construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 4 ἱερὸν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἱερὸν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | NOUN | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κεφαλή | obl | medium | Locative phrase with παρά; nominative predicate-like nominal in an elliptical construction. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κηφισοῦ | det | high | |
| 6 | Κηφισοῦ | Κηφισός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | Μεδούσης | Μέδουσα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 λίθου | nmod | high | |
| 8 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πεποιημένη | obl | medium | Genitive of material with πεποιημένη. |
| 9 | πεποιημένη | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPNSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 κεφαλή | amod | high | |
| 10 | κεφαλή | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal sentence with omitted/copular predicate structure. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κεφαλή | punct | high | |
| 12 | Κυκλώπων | Κύκλωψ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἔργον | nmod | high | Possessive/subject genitive with ἔργον. |
| 13 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second independent clause; coordinates with the preceding nominal sentence. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 φασὶν | ccomp | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἔργον | cc | high | |
| 16 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔργον | det | medium | Demonstrative functions substantivally as the subject of εἶναι. |
| 17 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative of εἶναι; Κυκλώπων is a genitive dependent. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 φασὶν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ χωρίον τὸ ὄπισθεν καὶ ἐς τόδε Κριτήριον ὀνομάζουσιν, Ὑπερμήστραν ἐνταῦθα ὑπὸ Δαναοῦ κριθῆναι λέγοντες.
The naming clause has χωρίον as object and Κριτήριον as its accusative naming complement; λέγοντες introduces an accusative-and-infinitive explanation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὄπισθεν | det | high | |
| 5 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 χωρίον | amod | medium | Adverbial postmodifier of χωρίον, with substantivizing article. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὄπισθεν | cc | medium | Coordinates the temporal/spatial adverbial sense with ἐς τόδε. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 τόδε | case | high | |
| 8 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | P---NSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ὄπισθεν | obl | medium | Accusative temporal/spatial expression, ‘up to the present’; coordinated with ὄπισθεν. |
| 9 | Κριτήριον | κριτήριον | NOUN | N----NSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate/object complement naming the χωρίον. |
| 10 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Ὑπερμήστραν | Ὑπερμήστρα | PROPN | Ne----SA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κριθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive κριθῆναι. |
| 13 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 κριθῆναι | advmod | high | |
| 14 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Δαναοῦ | case | high | |
| 15 | Δαναοῦ | Δαναός | PROPN | Ne----SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κριθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent of passive κριθῆναι. |
| 16 | κριθῆναι | κρίνω | VERB | V-ANP--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 17 λέγοντες | ccomp | high | Passive infinitive governed by λέγοντες. |
| 17 | λέγοντες | λέγω | VERB | V-PPA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high |
τούτου δέ ἐστιν οὐ πόρρω θέατρον· ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἄλλα θέας ἄξια καὶ ἀνὴρ φονεύων ἐστὶν ἄνδρα, Ὀθρυάδαν τὸν Σπαρτιάτην Περίλαος Ἀργεῖος ὁ Ἀλκήνορος·
Two verbless/copular clauses are coordinated: θέατρον is the subject/predicate complement of ἐστιν in the first clause; in the second, ἀνὴρ is the subject of ἐστὶν, with φονεύων agreeing with it and ἄνδρα as its object. The final apposition identifies the depicted man as Othryadas and the killer as Perilaos, with Ἀργεῖος and ὁ Ἀλκήνορος modifying Περίλαος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἐστιν | obl | high | Genitive of reference/partitive with the first ἐστιν: 'of this/near this'. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb of the first clause. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 3 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate/modifier: 'not far'. |
| 6 | θέατρον | θέατρον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the preceding one. |
| 10 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | PDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Object of ἐν, referring to the theatre. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλα with the following phrase. |
| 12 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἄξια | amod | medium | Neuter plural substantive adjective, 'other things'; coordinated with the following subject-like nominal. |
| 13 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἄξια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄξια: 'worthy of viewing'. |
| 14 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural nominative predicative/substantive phrase, coordinated with ἀνὴρ. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἀνὴρ | cc | high | Coordinates ἀνὴρ with the preceding nominal phrase. |
| 16 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of the second ἐστὶν. |
| 17 | φονεύων | φονεύω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἀνὴρ | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀνήρ. |
| 18 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστιν | conj | high | Copular verb of the second clause. |
| 19 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φονεύων | obj | high | Object of φονεύων. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 21 | Ὀθρυάδαν | Ὀθρυάδης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἄνδρα | appos | high | Appositional identification of the man being killed. |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Σπαρτιάτην | det | high | |
| 23 | Σπαρτιάτην | Σπαρτιάτης | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ὀθρυάδαν | appos | high | Apposition to Ὀθρυάδαν. |
| 24 | Περίλαος | Περίλαος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Appositional subject identification: Perilaos is the man killing him. |
| 25 | Ἀργεῖος | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Περίλαος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Περίλαος. |
| 26 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 Ἀλκήνορος | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἀλκήνορος | Ἀλκήνωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Περίλαος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive: 'son/descendant of Alkenor'. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
Περιλάῳ δὲ τούτῳ καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ὑπῆρχε Νεμείων ἀνῃρῆσθαι νίκην παλαίοντι.
The construction is difficult: ὑπῆρχε governs an articular infinitival notion, with Νεμείων νίκην as the accusative object of ἀνῃρῆσθαι and παλαίοντι agreeing with the dative Περιλάῳ; the exact semantic force of ὑπῆρχε is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Περιλάῳ | Περιλάος | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παλαίοντι | obl | medium | Dative personal name, likely the understood subject/participant of παλαίοντι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | RD--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Περιλάῳ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Περιλάῳ. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 πρότερον | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 5 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 πρότερον | advmod | high | ‘Still/yet’, modifying the temporal expression. |
| 7 | ὑπῆρχε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V--IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect of ὑπάρχω; governs the following infinitival construction. |
| 8 | Νεμείων | Νέμεια | PROPN | N--GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 νίκην | nmod | medium | Genitive plural place/event name, dependent on νίκην. |
| 9 | ἀνῃρῆσθαι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V--XMI--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 7 ὑπῆρχε | xcomp | medium | Perfect middle infinitive; passive/resultative sense is possible in context. |
| 10 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N--ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνῃρῆσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀνῃρῆσθαι. |
| 11 | παλαίοντι | παλαίω | VERB | V-PAPDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Περιλάῳ | acl | medium | Present active dative participle, agreeing with Περιλάῳ. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὑπῆρχε | punct | high |