Grammar parses for passage 2.21.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηνᾶς δὲ ἱδρύσασθαι Σάλπιγγος ἱερόν φασιν Ἡγέλεων.
Infinitival content clause: φασιν takes ἱδρύσασθαι as its complement; the understood subject of the infinitive is Ἡγέλεων, while Ἀθηνᾶς and Σάλπιγγος are genitives dependent on ἱερόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the deity whose sanctuary is founded. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱδρύσασθαι | ἱδρύω | VERB | V--AMN-- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 φασιν | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, complement of φασιν. |
| 4 | Σάλπιγγος | Σάλπιγξ | PROPN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive proper name dependent on ἱερόν, probably identifying the founder or associated person. |
| 5 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἱδρύσασθαι. |
| 6 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | Ἡγέλεων | Ἡγέλεως | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἱδρύσασθαι | nsubj | medium | Understood nominative subject of the infinitive; form is nominative, with infinitival subject relation. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Τυρσηνοῦ δὲ τοῦτον τὸν Ἡγέλεων, τὸν δὲ Ἡρακλέους εἶναι καὶ γυναικὸς λέγουσι τῆς Λυδῆς,
Elliptical accusative-and-infinitive construction: λέγουσι governs two coordinated accusative subjects, τοῦτον ... and τὸν ..., with εἶναι; Τυρσηνοῦ is a genitive of parentage/identification with the first accusative, while Ἡρακλέους and γυναικὸς τῆς Λυδῆς are coordinated genitives dependent on the second.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυρσηνοῦ | Τυρσηνός | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τοῦτον | nmod | medium | Genitive of parentage or identification with τοῦτον; proper name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 λέγουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | high | First accusative subject of εἶναι in the reported construction. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἡγέλεων | det | high | Article with Ἡγέλεων. |
| 5 | Ἡγέλεων | Ἡγέλεως | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 τοῦτον | appos | medium | Accusative proper name in apposition to τοῦτον. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | ________ | _ | 13 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | Article substantivizing the second accusative subject. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 λέγουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second assertion. |
| 9 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τὸν | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage with the substantivized τὸν. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the reported accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 γυναικὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitives. |
| 12 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἡρακλέους | conj | high | Coordinated genitive parentage term; joined with Ἡρακλέους. |
| 13 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Λυδῆς | det | high | Article with Λυδῆς. |
| 15 | Λυδῆς | Λυδή | PROPN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γυναικὸς | nmod | high | Genitive proper name specifying γυναικός. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | ________ | _ | 13 λέγουσι | punct | high |
Τυρσηνὸν δὲ σάλπιγγα εὑρεῖν πρῶτον, Ἡγέλεων δὲ τὸν Τυρσηνοῦ διδάξαι τοὺς σὺν Τημένῳ Δωριέας τοῦ ὀργάνου τὸν ψόφον καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ Ἀθηνᾶν ἐπονομάσαι Σάλπιγγα.
The passage uses coordinated aorist infinitives in reported speech; εὑρεῖν is an elliptical first infinitive, while διδάξαι and ἐπονομάσαι coordinate under the reporting construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τυρσηνὸν | Τυρσηνός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρεῖν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εὑρεῖν | cc | high | |
| 3 | σάλπιγγα | σάλπιγξ | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρεῖν | obj | high | Object of εὑρεῖν. |
| 4 | εὑρεῖν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 διδάξαι | xcomp | medium | Coordinated infinitive in reported tradition; higher attachment is structurally elliptical. |
| 5 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-ASN | Degree=Pos | 4 εὑρεῖν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘first’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εὑρεῖν | punct | high | |
| 7 | Ἡγέλεων | Ἡγέλεως | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διδάξαι | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 διδάξαι | cc | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Τυρσηνοῦ | det | high | |
| 10 | Τυρσηνοῦ | Τυρσηνός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διδάξαι | obj | high | Accusative object of διδάξαι, with article; name used substantivally. |
| 11 | διδάξαι | διδάσκω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitive of reported account. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 Δωριέας | det | high | |
| 13 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Τημένῳ | case | high | |
| 14 | Τημένῳ | Τήμενος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Δωριέας | nmod | high | Object of σύν; phrase modifies Δωριέας. |
| 15 | Δωριέας | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 διδάξαι | iobj | high | Accusative person-object of διδάξαι. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὀργάνου | det | high | |
| 17 | ὀργάνου | ὄργανον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ψόφον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ψόφον. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ψόφον | det | high | |
| 19 | ψόφον | ψόφος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διδάξαι | obj | high | Thing taught, coordinated with the person-object. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἐπονομάσαι | cc | high | |
| 21 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 αὐτὸ | case | high | Elided form διά before accusative. |
| 22 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 24 ἐπονομάσαι | obl | high | ‘Because of/through this’; neuter accusative refers to the instrument or its sound. |
| 23 | Ἀθηνᾶν | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπονομάσαι | obj | high | |
| 24 | ἐπονομάσαι | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 διδάξαι | conj | high | Infinitive coordinated with διδάξαι. |
| 25 | Σάλπιγγα | σάλπιγξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπονομάσαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative/name assigned to Ἀθηνᾶν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 διδάξαι | punct | high |
πρὸ δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς Ἐπιμενίδου λέγουσιν εἶναι τάφον·
Indirect statement: λέγουσιν εἶναι τάφον, with τάφον as the accusative subject of εἶναι; the prepositional phrase πρὸ τοῦ ναοῦ modifies the asserted location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ναοῦ | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Object of πρό; phrase means ‘in front of the temple’. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀθηνᾶς | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ναοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ναοῦ. |
| 7 | Ἐπιμενίδου | Ἐπιμενίδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τάφον | nmod | high | Possessive/associative genitive with τάφον. |
| 8 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement after λέγουσιν. |
| 10 | τάφον | τάφος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίους γὰρ πολεμήσαντας πρὸς Κνωσσίους ἑλεῖν ζῶντα Ἐπιμενίδην, λαβόντας δὲ ἀποκτεῖναι, διότι σφίσιν οὐκ αἴσια ἐμαντεύετο, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἀνελόμενοι θάψαι ταύτῃ φασί.
Infinitival reported construction: Λακεδαιμονίους πολεμήσαντας ... ἑλεῖν ... λαβόντας ... ἀποκτεῖναι is coordinated with φασί; αὐτοὶ is the subject of ἀνελόμενοι/θάψαι. The participles πολεμήσαντας and λαβόντας are accusative plural masculine, coordinated with the understood subject Λακεδαιμονίους of the infinitives. The phrase διότι σφίσιν οὐκ αἴσια ἐμαντεύετο gives the reason for the killing.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἑλεῖν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἑλεῖν; also controls the following infinitival report. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 25 φασί | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | πολεμήσαντας | πολεμέω | VERB | VAAPAM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 Λακεδαιμονίους | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 Κνωσσίους | case | high | Preposition governing Κνωσσίους. |
| 5 | Κνωσσίους | Κνωσσιος | PROPN | A--PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πολεμήσαντας | obl | high | Object of πολεμήσαντας with πρὸς. |
| 6 | ἑλεῖν | αἱρέω | VERB | VFAAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 φασί | ccomp | medium | First infinitive in the content of φασί; Λακεδαιμονίους is its accusative subject. |
| 7 | ζῶντα | ζάω | VERB | V-P-SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | Predicative/object complement participle describing the captured Epimenides. |
| 8 | Ἐπιμενίδην | Ἐπιμενίδης | PROPN | N--SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἑλεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἑλεῖν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἑλεῖν | punct | high | |
| 10 | λαβόντας | λαμβάνω | VERB | VAAPAM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἀποκτεῖναι | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίους, sequential to ἑλεῖν. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 12 ἀποκτεῖναι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 12 | ἀποκτεῖναι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | VFAAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 φασί | conj | medium | Second coordinated infinitive in the content of φασί. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀποκτεῖναι | punct | high | |
| 14 | διότι | διότι | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 ἐμαντεύετο | mark | high | Introduces causal subordinate clause. |
| 15 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---3PD-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 18 ἐμαντεύετο | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐμαντεύετο, likely the persons for whom the prophecy was given. |
| 16 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 18 ἐμαντεύετο | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 17 | αἴσια | αἴσιος | ADJ | A--NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐμαντεύετο | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject, ‘favorable things/omens’. |
| 18 | ἐμαντεύετο | μαντεύομαι | VERB | VIIP3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀποκτεῖναι | advcl | high | Imperfect middle/passive-form verb in the causal clause. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐμαντεύετο | punct | high | |
| 20 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 22 ἀνελόμενοι | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of ἀνελόμενοι and θάψαι. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 25 φασί | cc | high | Coordinates the second reported action. |
| 22 | ἀνελόμενοι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | VAMPNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 23 θάψαι | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, ‘having taken up/removed’; subject αὐτοί. |
| 23 | θάψαι | θάπτω | VERB | VFAAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 φασί | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive dependent on φασί; subject αὐτοί is nominative and understood. |
| 24 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | P---FDS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 θάψαι | obl | medium | Dative adverbial demonstrative, probably ‘in this way’ or ‘there’. |
| 25 | φασί | φημί | VERB | V-PAI3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 φασί | punct | high |