Grammar parses for passage 2.21.8
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ τάφου δὲ ἔμπροσθεν τρόπαιον λίθου πεποίηται κατὰ ἀνδρὸς Ἀργείου Λαφάους·
The sentence is a passive/stative construction: 'in front of the tomb stands a stone trophy made for/in honor of the Argive man Laphau(s).'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-dsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 τάφου | det | high | |
| 2 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | N-dsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔμπροσθεν | obl | high | Genitive with ἔμπροσθεν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | D | _ | 7 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Adverb governing a genitive of position. |
| 5 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-nsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter nominative subject of πεποίηται. |
| 6 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τρόπαιον | nmod | medium | Genitive of material. |
| 7 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V—X—P—3S—M—Ind | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive, here stative/passive: 'has been made/stands made'. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 9 ἀνδρὸς | case | high | |
| 9 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | obl | high | Object of κατά in the sense 'for/in honor of'. |
| 10 | Ἀργείου | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | |
| 11 | Λαφάους | Λαφάους | PROPN | Ne-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνδρὸς | appos | medium | Personal name in the genitive; spelling/declension is potentially irregular. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | punct | high |
τοῦτον γὰρ---γράφω δὲ ὁπόσα λέγουσιν αὐτοὶ περὶ σφῶν Ἀργεῖοι---τυραννοῦντα ἐξέβαλεν ἐπαναστὰς ὁ δῆμος, φυγόντα δὲ ἐς Σπάρτην Λακεδαιμόνιοι κατάγειν ἐπειρῶντο ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, νικήσαντες δὲ οἱ Ἀργεῖοι τῇ μάχῃ Λαφάην τε καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν.
The parenthetical γράφω clause interrupts the main narrative; the accusative participles τυραννοῦντα and φυγόντα refer back to τοῦτον, while the later nominative participles agree with their respective plural subjects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pdmsam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γράφω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γράφω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γράφω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | γράφω | γράφω | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | parataxis | high | Parenthetical authorial verb. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 γράφω | cc | high | |
| 8 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | DET | Pr-paan | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 λέγουσιν | obj | medium | Relativizing quantifier, substantivized: ‘as many things as’. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 γράφω | ccomp | high | |
| 10 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P----NM3P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 9 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject. |
| 11 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 σφῶν | case | high | |
| 12 | σφῶν | σφέας | PRON | P---G-3P | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 9 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Reflexive pronoun governed by περί. |
| 13 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | Ne---MN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λέγουσιν | nsubj | medium | Appositional subject identifying αὐτοί. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γράφω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γράφω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γράφω | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | τυραννοῦντα | τυραννέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | high | Concords with τοῦτον. |
| 18 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἐπαναστὰς | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | high | Concords with δῆμος. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S----NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 21 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N--SMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπαναστὰς | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | |
| 23 | φυγόντα | φεύγω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | advcl | high | Accusative participle referring to τοῦτον. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | cc | high | |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 Σπάρτην | case | high | |
| 26 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | Ne---AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 φυγόντα | obl | high | Destination of fleeing. |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne---MN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | |
| 28 | κατάγειν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | |
| 29 | ἐπειρῶντο | πειράω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 30 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 τυραννίδι | case | high | |
| 31 | τυραννίδι | τυραννίς | NOUN | N--SDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | obl | high | Purpose/ground with ἐπί. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high | |
| 33 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | advcl | high | Concords with οἱ Ἀργεῖοι. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | cc | high | |
| 35 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 36 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | |
| 36 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | Ne---MN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | nsubj | high | |
| 37 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S----DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 38 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N--SDFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 νικήσαντες | obl | high | Dative of circumstance/means with νικήσαντες. |
| 39 | Λαφάην | Λαφάης | PROPN | Ne---AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | obj | high | Proper name, object of ἀπέκτειναν. |
| 40 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 39 Λαφάην | cc | high | |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects. |
| 42 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S----GP-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 43 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 43 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne---GM-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 πολλοὺς | nmod | high | |
| 44 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S----AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 45 πολλοὺς | det | high | |
| 45 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A----AM-P | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘the many’. |
| 46 | ἀπέκτειναν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | conj | high | Final coordinated finite verb. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τῆς Λητοῦς ἔστι μὲν οὐ μακρὰν τοῦ τροπαίου, τέχνη δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα Πραξιτέλους.
The first clause states the sanctuary's location: ἱερόν is subject of ἔστι and μακράν is a predicative accusative of distance with τοῦ τροπαίου. The second clause is verbless: τέχνη is a predicate nominative, and τὸ ἄγαλμα Πραξιτέλους is the subject phrase, meaning the statue is a work of Praxiteles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--NA-S-- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 ἱερὸν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N--NA-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--G-SF- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Λητοῦς | det | high | |
| 5 | Λητοῦς | Λητώ | PROPN | N--G-SF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 6 | ἔστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | -------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 μακρὰν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | μακρὰν | μακρός | ADJ | A--NA-S-- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔστι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative of distance; feminine form is substantivized/elliptical. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--G-SN- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 τροπαίου | det | high | |
| 11 | τροπαίου | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N--G-SN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μακρὰν | obl | high | Genitive of reference/separation with μακράν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 13 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | nsubj | medium | In the verbless second clause, predicate nominative or subject is structurally ambiguous; interpreted here as predicate nominal with implicit ἐστίν. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 τέχνη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T--NA-S-- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 16 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τέχνη | nsubj | medium | Subject of the verbless clause under an understood ἐστίν. |
| 17 | Πραξιτέλους | Πραξιτέλης | PROPN | N--GS-M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Authorship/possessive genitive: a work by Praxiteles. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔστι | punct | high |