Grammar parses for passage 2.21.8
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ τάφου δὲ ἔμπροσθεν τρόπαιον λίθου πεποίηται κατὰ ἀνδρὸς Ἀργείου Λαφάους·
The phrase τοῦ τάφου is a genitive dependent on τρόπαιον, and κατὰ ἀνδρὸς Ἀργείου Λαφάους is a prepositional phrase identifying the man associated with the monument.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 τάφου | det | high | Article modifying τάφου. |
| 2 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τρόπαιον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τρόπαιον, likely partitive/material/possessive relation in the phrase. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 4 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of the verb. |
| 5 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive perfect πεποίηται. |
| 6 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τρόπαιον | nmod | medium | Likely material genitive modifying τρόπαιον. |
| 7 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, perfect middle/passive form with passive sense. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive. |
| 9 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποίηται | obl | high | Prepositional object of κατὰ. |
| 10 | Ἀργείου | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λαφάους | amod | high | Adjective modifying Λαφάους. |
| 11 | Λαφάους | Λαφάου | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | low | Proper name in genitive; exact lemma/form is uncertain, but syntactically dependent on ἀνδρὸς. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 πεποίηται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τοῦτον γὰρ---γράφω δὲ ὁπόσα λέγουσιν αὐτοὶ περὶ σφῶν Ἀργεῖοι---τυραννοῦντα ἐξέβαλεν ἐπαναστὰς ὁ δῆμος, φυγόντα δὲ ἐς Σπάρτην Λακεδαιμόνιοι κατάγειν ἐπειρῶντο ἐπὶ τυραννίδι, νικήσαντες δὲ οἱ Ἀργεῖοι τῇ μάχῃ Λαφάην τε καὶ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς πολλοὺς ἀπέκτειναν.
The sentence contains a parenthetical speech-reporting clause (γράφω δὲ ὁπόσα...) interrupting the main narrative, and several participles whose attachment is partly elliptical but best treated as circumstantial modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | obj | high | Object of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | T | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | γράφω | γράφω | VERB | V-1SPAI- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main parenthetical speech-reporting verb. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 6 γράφω | discourse | high | Mild connective/discourse particle. |
| 8 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | PI-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 λέγουσιν | obj | medium | Neuter plural relative/interrogative pronoun, functioning as object of λέγουσιν. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-3PPAI- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 γράφω | ccomp | high | Content clause dependent on γράφω. |
| 10 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 Ἀργεῖοι | nsubj | medium | Emphatic subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 11 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 12 σφῶν | case | high | Preposition governing σφῶν. |
| 12 | σφῶν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-PG--- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 περὶ | obl | medium | Reflexive/genitive object of περί. |
| 13 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | NOUN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λέγουσιν | nsubj | medium | Likely appositional/clarifying subject within the parenthetical report. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Ἀργεῖοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Ἀργεῖοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Ἀργεῖοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | τυραννοῦντα | τυραννέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 τοῦτον | acl | high | Participial modifier of τοῦτον. |
| 18 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-3SAAI- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 γράφω | parataxis | high | Narrative main verb with ὁ δῆμος as subject. |
| 19 | ἐπαναστὰς | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 δῆμος | det | high | Article with δῆμος. |
| 21 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | φυγόντα | φεύγω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | medium | Participial complement dependent on ἐπειρῶντο; agreement with understood accusative object/topic may be elliptical. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 26 Σπάρτην | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | Σπάρτην | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 φυγόντα | obl | high | Goal of motion with φυγόντα. |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπειρῶντο. |
| 28 | κατάγειν | κατάγω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 29 | ἐπειρῶντο | πείρω | VERB | V-3PIMI- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 18 ἐξέβαλεν | parataxis | medium | New narrative clause coordinated to the main sequence. |
| 30 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 31 τυραννίδι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 31 | τυραννίδι | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 κατάγειν | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐπί. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐπειρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἀπέκτειναν. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 35 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 36 Ἀργεῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἀργεῖοι. |
| 36 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | NOUN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 νικήσαντες | nsubj | high | Subject of νικήσαντες. |
| 37 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 38 μάχῃ | det | high | Article with μάχῃ. |
| 38 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 νικήσαντες | obl | high | Dative of circumstance/instrument. |
| 39 | Λαφάην | Λαφάης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | obj | high | First object of ἀπέκτειναν. |
| 40 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 39 Λαφάην | cc | high | Enclitic conjunctive particle. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 39 Λαφάην | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 42 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 43 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 43 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 πολλοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πολλοὺς. |
| 44 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 45 πολλοὺς | det | high | Article with πολλοὺς. |
| 45 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἀπέκτειναν. |
| 46 | ἀπέκτειναν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-3PAAI- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main verb of the sentence. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ἀπέκτειναν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἱερὸν τῆς Λητοῦς ἔστι μὲν οὐ μακρὰν τοῦ τροπαίου, τέχνη δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα Πραξιτέλους.
Two correlative clauses with μέν...δέ; the second clause is nominal and somewhat elliptical, so τέχνη is treated as the main nominal predicate/topic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἱερὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἱερὸν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἱερὸν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | Nb-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Λητοῦς | det | high | Article modifying Λητοῦς. |
| 5 | Λητοῦς | Λητώ | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν. |
| 6 | ἔστι | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative particle paired with δὲ. |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 9 μακρὰν | advmod | high | Negates μακρὰν. |
| 9 | μακρὰν | μακράν | ADV | Df-------- | _ | 6 ἔστι | advmod | high | Adverbial predicate of distance. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 τροπαίου | det | high | Article modifying τροπαίου. |
| 11 | τροπαίου | τρόπαιον | NOUN | Nb-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μακρὰν | nmod | high | Genitive complement with μακρὰν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔστι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 13 | τέχνη | τέχνη | NOUN | Nb-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second clause is fragmentary; taking τέχνη as clausal root-like topic/predicate nominal. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 τέχνη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 16 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τέχνη | appos | high | Apposition to τέχνη in the second clause. |
| 17 | Πραξιτέλους | Πραξιτέλης | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄγαλμα. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 τέχνη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |