Grammar parses for passage 2.23.1
Open translation for this passage
συμβάσης γὰρ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, ὡς ἐκομίζοντο ἐξ Ἰλίου, τῆς πρὸς τῷ Καφηρεῖ ναυαγίας, τοὺς δυνηθέντας ἐς τὴν γῆν διαφυγεῖν τῶν Ἀργείων ῥῖγός τε πιέζει καὶ λιμός.
Absolute genitive συμβάσης ... ναυαγίας introduces the circumstance of the shipwreck; τοὺς δυνηθέντας ... διαφυγεῖν τῶν Ἀργείων is the accusative subject/object-like participant construction with τῶν Ἀργείων dependent on the substantivized participle, while ῥῖγος and λιμός are coordinated subjects of πιέζει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συμβάσης | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 15 ναυαγίας | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; feminine singular agrees with ναυαγίας. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 πιέζει | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 4 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 ἐκομίζοντο | iobj | high | Dative with ἐκομίζοντο. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκομίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐκομίζοντο | mark | high | Introduces temporal/circumstantial clause. |
| 7 | ἐκομίζοντο | κομίζω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 15 ναυαγίας | advcl | high | Temporal clause with ὡς. |
| 8 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Ἰλίου | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἰλίου | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 ἐκομίζοντο | obl | high | Place of departure. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκομίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 15 ναυαγίας | det | high | |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Καφηρεῖ | case | high | With dative τῷ Καφηρεῖ. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 Καφηρεῖ | det | high | |
| 14 | Καφηρεῖ | Καφηρεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 ναυαγίας | nmod | high | Cape Caphereus; πρὸς τῷ Καφηρεῖ modifies ναυαγία. |
| 15 | ναυαγίας | ναυαγία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 27 πιέζει | obl | medium | Genitive absolute anchor with συμβάσης; also governs the following participial circumstance. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 πιέζει | punct | high | |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 18 δυνηθέντας | det | high | |
| 18 | δυνηθέντας | δύναμαι | VERB | V-APP-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 27 πιέζει | obj | medium | Substantivized participle, ‘those who were able’; passive morphology is conventional for δύναμαι. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 γῆν | case | high | |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 21 γῆν | det | high | |
| 21 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 22 διαφυγεῖν | obl | high | Goal of διαφυγεῖν. |
| 22 | διαφυγεῖν | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 18 δυνηθέντας | xcomp | high | Complement of δυνηθέντας. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 24 Ἀργείων | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 18 δυνηθέντας | nmod | medium | Substantival ethnic adjective, genitive partitive (‘of the Argives’). |
| 25 | ῥῖγός | ῥῖγος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 27 πιέζει | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ῥῖγός | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί. |
| 27 | πιέζει | πιέζω | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 λιμός | cc | high | Coordinates λιμός with ῥῖγος. |
| 29 | λιμός | λιμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 πιέζει | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 πιέζει | punct | high |
τότε δὲ αἶγες ἄγριαι φεύγουσαι τὸν χειμῶνα ἐς αὐτὸ ἦσαν ἠθροισμέναι.
ἦσαν ἠθροισμέναι is a periphrastic pluperfect/passive construction: the goats had been gathered; φεύγουσαι is a circumstantial present participle modifying αἶγες, and ἐς αὐτό is directional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-Adverb | _ | 10 ἦσαν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αἶγες | αἴξ | NOUN | N-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἄγριαι | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-----NP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 αἶγες | amod | high | |
| 5 | φεύγουσαι | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 αἶγες | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle: fleeing/avoiding winter. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 χειμῶνα | det | high | |
| 7 | χειμῶνα | χειμών | NOUN | N-----MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 φεύγουσαι | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 9 αὐτὸ | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 9 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἦσαν | obl | medium | Destination; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 10 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Auxiliary in periphrastic pluperfect/passive construction. |
| 11 | ἠθροισμέναι | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-RPP-NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 10 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive participle with εἰμί. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ὁ χειμὼν ἐπαύσατο καὶ ἐπισκευάσαντες τὰς ναῦς οἴκαδε ἐκομίζοντο, ἐπάγονται τὸ ἐκ τοῦ σπηλαίου ξόανον·
Temporal ἐπεί-clause: χειμών is subject of ἐπαύσατο; the coordinated participle ἐπισκευάσαντες shares the implicit plural subject of ἐκομίζοντο/ἐπάγονται. The final object ξόανον is modified by an ἐκ-genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπαύσατο | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπαύσατο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator/contrastive particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 χειμὼν | det | high | |
| 4 | χειμὼν | χειμών | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπαύσατο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπαύσατο. |
| 5 | ἐπαύσατο | παύω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐπάγονται | advcl | high | Aorist middle, ‘ceased’; heads the ἐπεί temporal clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐκομίζοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the participial adjunct with the finite verb. |
| 7 | ἐπισκευάσαντες | ἐπισκευάζω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκομίζοντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial/coordinated participle with implicit subject. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ναῦς | det | high | |
| 9 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπισκευάσαντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπισκευάσαντες. |
| 10 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | ADV | AdvType=Loc | 11 ἐκομίζοντο | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘homeward/home’. |
| 11 | ἐκομίζοντο | κομίζω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐπάγονται | conj | high | Imperfect middle; coordinated with ἐπάγονται and sharing its subject. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπάγονται | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐπάγονται | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; middle voice ‘bring/lead in’. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 σπηλαίου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 σπηλαίου | det | high | |
| 17 | σπηλαίου | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ξόανον | nmod | high | Source phrase modifying ξόανον. |
| 18 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπάγονται | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπάγονται. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπάγονται | punct | high |