Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.24.2

← 2.24.1 2.24.3 →

Passage 2.24.2

Open translation for this passage

5sentences parsed

105Greek tokens

3,881input tokens

7,665output tokens

Sentence 1

2.24.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 29
Input: 902
Output: 2,074
Total: 2,976

τοῦ Δειραδιώτου δὲ Ἀπόλλωνος ἔχεται μὲν ἱερὸν Ἀθηνᾶς Ὀξυδερκοῦς καλουμένης, Διομήδους ἀνάθημα, ὅτι οἱ μαχομένῳ ποτὲ ἐν Ἰλίῳ τὴν ἀχλὺν ἀφεῖλεν ἡ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν·

ἔχεται is parsed as a locative/existential middle with ἱερόν as subject; the ὅτι clause explains the dedication, with μαχομένῳ as a dative circumstantial participle linked to Diomedes.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Ἀπόλλωνος	det	high
2	Δειραδιώτου	Δειραδιώτης	PROPN	Nb----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Ἀπόλλωνος	amod	medium	Ethnic/place-derived epithet agreeing with Ἀπόλλωνος.
3	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	5 ἔχεται	cc	high
4	Ἀπόλλωνος	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	Nb----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἔχεται	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἔχεται.
5	ἔχεται	ἔχω	VERB	V3SPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Middle ἔχεται means 'there is/stands by' in this construction.
6	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df--------	_	5 ἔχεται	advmod	high
7	ἱερὸν	ἱερόν	NOUN	Nb----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἔχεται	nsubj	high	Subject of ἔχεται.
8	Ἀθηνᾶς	Ἀθηνᾶ	PROPN	Nb----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἱερὸν	nmod	high
9	Ὀξυδερκοῦς	ὀξύδερκος	ADJ	A----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 Ἀθηνᾶς	amod	high	Epithet agreeing with Ἀθηνᾶς.
10	καλουμένης	καλέω	VERB	VPPP-GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	8 Ἀθηνᾶς	acl	high	Genitive participle agreeing with Ἀθηνᾶς.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἀνάθημα	punct	high
12	Διομήδους	Διομήδης	PROPN	Nb----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἀνάθημα	nmod	high	Possessive/agentive genitive with ἀνάθημα.
13	ἀνάθημα	ἀνάθημα	NOUN	Nb----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἱερὸν	appos	high	Apposition to ἱερόν.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἀνάθημα	punct	high
15	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	G--------	_	23 ἀφεῖλεν	mark	high	Introduces causal clause.
16	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	Pp3---DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3	17 μαχομένῳ	iobj	medium	Dative pronoun, likely referring to Diomedes.
17	μαχομένῳ	μάχομαι	VERB	VPPM-DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	23 ἀφεῖλεν	advcl	high	Dative circumstantial participle: 'when he was fighting'.
18	ποτὲ	ποτέ	ADV	D--------	_	17 μαχομένῳ	advmod	high
19	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	20 Ἰλίῳ	case	high
20	Ἰλίῳ	Ἴλιον	PROPN	Nb----DSN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 μαχομένῳ	obl	high
21	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἀχλὺν	det	high
22	ἀχλὺν	ἀχλύς	NOUN	Nb----ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἀφεῖλεν	obj	high
23	ἀφεῖλεν	ἀφαιρέω	VERB	V3SAAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	15 ὅτι	advcl	high	Finite verb of the ὅτι clause.
24	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T----NSF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 θεὸς	det	high
25	θεὸς	θεός	NOUN	Nb----NSF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἀφεῖλεν	nsubj	high
26	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R--------	_	28 ὀφθαλμῶν	case	high
27	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 ὀφθαλμῶν	det	high
28	ὀφθαλμῶν	ὀφθαλμός	NOUN	Nb----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 ἀφεῖλεν	obl	high
29	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔχεται	punct	high

Sentence 2

2.24.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 17
Input: 713
Output: 1,310
Total: 2,023

ἔχεται δὲ τὸ στάδιον, ἐν ᾧ τὸν ἀγῶνα τῷ Νεμείῳ Διὶ καὶ τὰ Ἡραῖα ἄγουσιν.

The finite verb ἔχεται is taken as the root, with στάδιον as its subject and a relative clause introduced by ἐν ᾧ. Within the relative clause, ἄγουσιν has coordinated objects τὸν ἀγῶνα and τὰ Ἡραῖα; τῷ Νεμείῳ Διὶ is a dative dedication/addressee phrase. The form ἔχεται is morphologically and semantically somewhat uncertain in this context.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔχεται	ἔχω	VERB	V-PII-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	low	Textual form is unusual; analyzed provisionally as a third-singular present middle/passive finite verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἔχεται	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating particle.
3	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DA-SNS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 στάδιον	det	high
4	στάδιον	στάδιον	NOUN	N-SNS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἔχεται	nsubj	medium	Taken as the subject of ἔχεται.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔχεται	punct	high
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	7 ᾧ	case	high	Preposition governing the relative pronoun.
7	ᾧ	ὅς	PRON	R-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 ἄγουσιν	obl	high	Relative pronoun, locative dative with ἐν; refers to στάδιον.
8	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA-SMA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἀγῶνα	det	high
9	ἀγῶνα	ἀγών	NOUN	N-SMA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 ἄγουσιν	obj	high	First coordinated object of ἄγουσιν.
10	τῷ	ὁ	DET	DA-SMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 Διὶ	det	high
11	Νεμείῳ	Νέμειος	ADJ	A-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 Διὶ	amod	high	Adjectival epithet agreeing with Διί.
12	Διὶ	Ζεύς	PROPN	N-DMS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 ἄγουσιν	obl	medium	Dative of dedication/addressee with ἄγουσιν.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 Ἡραῖα	cc	high	Coordinates τὰ Ἡραῖα with τὸν ἀγῶνα.
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	DA-NPN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 Ἡραῖα	det	high
15	Ἡραῖα	Ἡραῖος	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 ἀγῶνα	conj	medium	Festival name, coordinated with ἀγῶνα; lemma is normalized adjectivally.
16	ἄγουσιν	ἄγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 ᾧ	acl:relcl	high	Finite verb of the relative clause; subject is implicit plural.
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔχεται	punct	high

Sentence 3

2.24.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 17
Input: 744
Output: 1,333
Total: 2,077

ἐς δὲ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ἰοῦσίν ἐστιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῶν Αἰγύπτου παίδων καὶ ταύτῃ μνῆμα.

The participle ἰοῦσιν is a dative plural circumstantial/attributive participle with an omitted or implicit subject, while ἐστιν introduces the locative predicate; ταύτῃ is adverbial dative referring to the same location, and μνῆμα is a coordinated nominal predicate/elliptical clause. The exact attachment of ἰοῦσιν is syntactically uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	Case=Acc	4 ἀκρόπολιν	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐστιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀκρόπολιν	det	high
4	ἀκρόπολιν	ἀκρόπολις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἰοῦσίν	obl	high	Object of ἐς.
5	ἰοῦσίν	εἶμι	VERB	V-PAP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 ἐστιν	advcl	medium	Dative plural present participle, probably circumstantial: 'for those going'.
6	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Locative/existential predicate.
7	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	Case=Dat	8 ἀριστερᾷ	case	high
8	ἀριστερᾷ	ἀριστερός	ADJ	A-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, 'on the left'.
9	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ὁδοῦ	det	high
10	ὁδοῦ	ὁδός	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἀριστερᾷ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἀριστερᾷ.
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 παίδων	det	high
12	Αἰγύπτου	Αἴγυπτος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 παίδων	nmod	medium	Genitive singular dependent on παίδων: 'of Egypt's children' or 'Egyptian children'.
13	παίδων	παῖς	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ὁδοῦ	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on ὁδός, likely identifying the road associated with the children of Egypt.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 μνῆμα	cc	high
15	ταύτῃ	οὗτος	PRON	PD-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	16 μνῆμα	obl	medium	Dative of place/reference, probably 'there' or 'at this spot'; antecedent is the preceding location.
16	μνῆμα	μνῆμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	conj	medium	Nominal predicate or elliptical second existential clause: 'and there is a monument'.
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐστιν	punct	high

Sentence 4

2.24.2 sentence 4

Tokens: 18
Input: 717
Output: 1,206
Total: 1,923

χωρὶς μὲν γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν σωμάτων ἐνταῦθα αἱ κεφαλαί, χωρὶς δὲ ἐν Λέρνῃ σώματα τὰ λοιπά·

Elliptical paired construction: χωρὶς ... αἱ κεφαλαί / χωρὶς ... σώματα τὰ λοιπά; the copular verb is omitted. ἀπό governs τῶν σωμάτων, while ἐν Λέρνῃ is locative; τὰ λοιπά is appositional/predicative to σώματα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	χωρὶς	χωρίς	ADV	ADV	_	9 κεφαλαί	advmod	high	Adverb meaning separately/apart.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	9 κεφαλαί	discourse	high	First member of μέν ... δέ pairing.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PART	_	9 κεφαλαί	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.
4	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	6 σωμάτων	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T- GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 σωμάτων	det	high
6	σωμάτων	σῶμα	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 κεφαλαί	obl	high	Object of ἀπό.
7	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	ADV	_	9 κεφαλαί	advmod	high	Locative adverb, here.
8	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 κεφαλαί	det	high
9	κεφαλαί	κεφαλή	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	0 ROOT	root	medium	Nominal predicate/subject of an elided copula.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 κεφαλαί	punct	high
11	χωρὶς	χωρίς	ADV	ADV	_	15 σώματα	advmod	high	Adverb introducing the second coordinated elliptical member.
12	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	15 σώματα	cc	high	Second member of μέν ... δέ pairing.
13	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	14 Λέρνῃ	case	high	Preposition governing the dative.
14	Λέρνῃ	Λέρνη	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 σώματα	obl	high	Place name in the dative after ἐν.
15	σώματα	σῶμα	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 κεφαλαί	conj	medium	Coordinated nominal member with an elided copula.
16	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 λοιπά	det	high
17	λοιπά	λοιπός	ADJ	A-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 σώματα	amod	high	Substantivized adjective: the remaining parts.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	9 κεφαλαί	punct	high

Sentence 5

2.24.2 sentence 5

Tokens: 24
Input: 805
Output: 1,742
Total: 2,547

ἐν Λέρνῃ γὰρ καὶ ὁ φόνος ἐξειργάσθη τῶν νεανίσκων, ἀποθανόντων δὲ ἀποτέμνουσιν αἱ γυναῖκες τὰς κεφαλὰς ἀπόδειξιν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ὧν ἐτόλμησαν.

The second clause is coordinated with ἐξειργάσθη; ἀποθανόντων is a genitive absolute. The final relative construction (ὧν ἐτόλμησαν) is textually and syntactically difficult, so its attachment is tentative.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	2 Λέρνῃ	case	high
2	Λέρνῃ	Λέρνη	PROPN	N--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἐξειργάσθη	obl	high	Locative use with ἐν.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G--------	_	7 ἐξειργάσθη	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἐξειργάσθη	cc	high
5	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 φόνος	det	high
6	φόνος	φόνος	NOUN	N--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἐξειργάσθη	nsubj:pass	high
7	ἐξειργάσθη	ἐξεργάζομαι	VERB	V3SAPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist passive, ‘was accomplished/perpetrated’; syntactically coordinated with the following clause.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 νεανίσκων	det	high
9	νεανίσκων	νεανίσκος	NOUN	N--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 φόνος	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on φόνος.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐξειργάσθη	punct	high
11	ἀποθανόντων	ἀποθνῄσκω	VERB	V--GAPMP-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ἀποτέμνουσιν	advcl	high	Genitive absolute with an elided or understood subject, referring to the young men.
12	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G--------	_	13 ἀποτέμνουσιν	cc	high
13	ἀποτέμνουσιν	ἀποτέμνω	VERB	V3PPAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 ἐξειργάσθη	conj	high	Main verb of the second coordinated clause.
14	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T--NPF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	15 γυναῖκες	det	high
15	γυναῖκες	γυνή	NOUN	N--NPF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	13 ἀποτέμνουσιν	nsubj	high
16	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T--APF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 κεφαλὰς	det	high
17	κεφαλὰς	κεφαλή	NOUN	N--APF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	13 ἀποτέμνουσιν	obj	high
18	ἀπόδειξιν	ἀπόδειξις	NOUN	N--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἀποτέμνουσιν	obj	medium	Predicate/resultative accusative or appositional object: they cut off the heads as proof.
19	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	21 πατέρα	case	high
20	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T--ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 πατέρα	det	high
21	πατέρα	πατήρ	NOUN	N--ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἀπόδειξιν	nmod	high	πρός phrase specifies the father to whom the proof is brought/intended.
22	ὧν	ὅς	PRON	P--GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 ἐτόλμησαν	obj	medium	Relative pronoun, genitive by attraction or partitive relation; refers to the young men.
23	ἐτόλμησαν	τολμάω	VERB	V3PAAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 πατέρα	acl:relcl	medium	Relative clause modifying πατέρα; the antecedent relation is syntactically difficult.
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἐξειργάσθη	punct	high

← 2.24.1 2.24.3 →