Grammar parses for passage 2.24.4
Open translation for this passage
τρεῖς δὲ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄν τις τεκμαίροιτο αὐτόν.
The syntax is a main optative with ἄν and an embedded complementary infinitive ἔχειν taking its own object and prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὀφθαλμοὺς | amod | high | Attributive numeral modifying ὀφθαλμοὺς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὀφθαλμοὺς | ὀφθαλμός | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἔχειν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔχειν. |
| 4 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on τεκμαίροιτο. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 4 ἔχειν | case | high | Preposition governing τῷδε. |
| 6 | τῷδε | ὅδε | DET | d-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἔχειν | obl | high | Dative/locative complement with ἐπί. |
| 7 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | d-------- | _ | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | advmod | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 8 | τις | τις | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject of τεκμαίροιτο. |
| 9 | τεκμαίροιτο | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | v3ssoie--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb in optative with ἄν. |
| 10 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | obj | high | Accusative object of the infinitive phrase. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Δία γὰρ ἐν οὐρανῷ βασιλεύειν, οὗτος μὲν λόγος κοινὸς πάντων ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπων.
The first phrase is an infinitival clause with an omitted/implicit verb of saying or thinking; the main clause is οὗτος μὲν λόγος κοινὸς πάντων ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύειν | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of infinitive βασιλεύειν; accusative form of Ζεύς. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 4 οὐρανῷ | case | high | Preposition taking dative. |
| 4 | οὐρανῷ | οὐρανός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύειν | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐν. |
| 5 | βασιλεύειν | βασιλεύω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστὶν | csubj | medium | Infinitival clause functioning as clausal complement of ἐστίν; syntax slightly elliptical. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 λόγος | det | medium | Likely demonstrative modifier of λόγος. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 οὗτος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 9 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 10 | κοινὸς | κοινός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγος | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λόγος. |
| 11 | πάντων | πᾶς | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 9 λόγος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of λόγος; all-inclusive sense. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate. |
| 13 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λόγος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of λόγος. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὃν δὲ ἄρχειν φασὶν ὑπὸ γῆς, ἔστιν ἔπος τῶν Ὁμήρου Δία ὀνομάζον καὶ τοῦτον· Ζεύς τε καταχθόνιος καὶ ἐπαινὴ Περσεφόνεια. Hom. ll. 9.457
The quotation and citation markers are syntactically loose; the appositional sequence after ἔστιν is treated as quoted material, and the Homer reference is attached pragmatically.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 4 φασὶν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the implied subject of ἄρχειν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 4 φασὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | v--pna---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Complement of φασὶν. |
| 4 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἔστιν | csubj | medium | Reportive verb governing infinitival clause; syntax somewhat loose with following explanatory quote. |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r--------- | _ | 6 γῆς | case | high | Governed by γῆς. |
| 6 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄρχειν | obl | high | With ὑπό, expressing location 'under earth'. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb introducing appositional citation. |
| 9 | ἔπος | ἔπος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστιν. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Ὁμήρου | det | high | Article with Ὁμήρου. |
| 11 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔπος | nmod | high | Dependent genitive modifying ἔπος. |
| 12 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνομάζον | obj | medium | Accusative object of ὀνομάζον; lemma normalized to Ζεύς. |
| 13 | ὀνομάζον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἔπος | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἔπος. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 15 τοῦτον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 ὀνομάζον | conj | high | Coordinated with Δία as second object of ὀνομάζον. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | Ζεύς | Ζεύς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | appos | high | Appositional label introducing the quoted epithet. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | g--------- | _ | 17 Ζεύς | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective, here between coordinated appositional items. |
| 19 | καταχθόνιος | καταχθόνιος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ζεύς | amod | high | Predicate/appositional adjective with Ζεύς. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 22 Περσεφόνεια | cc | high | Connects the second epithet/nominal. |
| 21 | ἐπαινὴ | ἐπαινός | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Περσεφόνεια | amod | medium | Likely feminine adjective modifying Περσεφόνεια; form may reflect poetic/orthographic variation. |
| 22 | Περσεφόνεια | Περσεφόνεια | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | appos | high | Second appositional nominal in the quoted phrase. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | dep | low | Latin citation fragment from Hom. ll. 9.457. |
| 25 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | dep | low | Latin citation fragment. |
| 26 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | dep | low | Latin citation fragment. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 28 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | dep | low | Latin citation fragment. |
| 29 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | dep | low | Latin citation fragment. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 9.457 | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | 9.457 | 9.457 | NUM | n--------- | _ | 8 ἔστιν | discourse | low | Citation reference; attached loosely to the main clause. |
Αἰσχύλος δὲ ὁ Εὐφορίωνος καλεῖ Δία καὶ τὸν ἐν θαλάσσῃ.
The second object is elliptical: τὸν ἐν θαλάσσῃ appears to mean 'the one in the sea', coordinated with Δία under καλεῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰσχύλος | Αἰσχύλος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καλεῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of καλεῖ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 καλεῖ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Ra-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Εὐφορίωνος | det | high | Article with patronymic genitive. |
| 4 | Εὐφορίωνος | Εὐφορίων | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἰσχύλος | appos | medium | Genitive patronymic in apposition to Αἰσχύλος. |
| 5 | καλεῖ | καλέω | VERB | V-3spia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καλεῖ | obj | high | First object of καλεῖ. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Δία | cc | high | Coordinates the second object phrase. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Ra-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 θαλάσσῃ | det | high | Article modifying the substantivized phrase. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσῃ. |
| 10 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Δία | conj | medium | Likely coordinated object phrase with understood noun meaning 'sea'; syntax is slightly elliptical. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καλεῖ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |