Grammar parses for passage 2.24.4
Open translation for this passage
τρεῖς δὲ ὀφθαλμοὺς ἔχειν ἐπὶ τῷδε ἄν τις τεκμαίροιτο αὐτόν.
The construction is an accusative-and-infinitive complement: τις ἄν τεκμαίροιτο αὐτόν ἔχειν τρεῖς ὀφθαλμούς; ἐπὶ τῷδε is an oblique prepositional modifier whose precise contextual sense is left implicit.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | ADJ | irreg_nom_acc_pl | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὀφθαλμοὺς | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ὀφθαλμούς. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conj | _ | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὀφθαλμοὺς | ὀφθαλμός | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἔχειν | obj | high | Accusative object of the infinitive ἔχειν. |
| 4 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | v--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of τεκμαίροιτο, with αὐτόν as its subject. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r | _ | 6 τῷδε | case | high | Preposition governing the dative τῷδε. |
| 6 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | pd---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἔχειν | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐπί; refers to the matter/person indicated by context. |
| 7 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | g | _ | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | aux | high | Modal particle with the optative. |
| 8 | τις | τις | PRON | pi---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | nsubj | high | Indefinite nominative subject of τεκμαίροιτο. |
| 9 | τεκμαίροιτο | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | v3spoe--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative: one might infer. |
| 10 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 ἔχειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἔχειν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 τεκμαίροιτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Δία γὰρ ἐν οὐρανῷ βασιλεύειν, οὗτος μὲν λόγος κοινὸς πάντων ἐστὶν ἀνθρώπων.
Infinitival clause Δία ... βασιλεύειν is a left-dislocated/topic construction, resumed by οὗτος μὲν λόγος; Δία is accusative subject of the infinitive, while ἐστίν heads the nominal predicate λόγος κοινός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 5 βασιλεύειν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 οὐρανῷ | case | high | |
| 4 | οὐρανῷ | οὐρανός | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύειν | obl | high | Locative/directional complement of βασιλεύειν. |
| 5 | βασιλεύειν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστὶν | csubj | medium | Infinitival topic/clausal subject construed with the following nominal predicate. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 βασιλεύειν | punct | high | |
| 7 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 λόγος | det | high | Demonstrative determiner/pronominal resumption with λόγος. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 9 λόγος | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating a contrast or continuation. |
| 9 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν; οὗτος λόγος means 'this statement'. |
| 10 | κοινὸς | κοινός | ADJ | A--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λόγος | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with λόγος. |
| 11 | πάντων | πᾶς | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀνθρώπων | det | high | Determiner modifying ἀνθρώπων. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λόγος | nmod | high | Genitive of the people among whom the statement is common. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ὃν δὲ ἄρχειν φασὶν ὑπὸ γῆς, ἔστιν ἔπος τῶν Ὁμήρου Δία ὀνομάζον καὶ τοῦτον· Ζεύς τε καταχθόνιος καὶ ἐπαινὴ Περσεφόνεια. Hom. ll. 9.457
The relative clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction (ὃν ... ἄρχειν φασίν), with ὃν as the infinitive's object; ἔστιν ἔπος is existential/presentative, and Δία ... ὀνομάζον is a participial modifier of ἔπος with an elided or understood subject referring to the cited Homeric verse. Tokens 24–31 are a bibliographic citation, retained as supplied; their internal syntax is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 3 ἄρχειν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 4 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἔστιν | ccomp | high | |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 γῆς | case | high | |
| 6 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-SF---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἄρχειν | obl | high | Genitive with ὑπό, indicating subordination/location. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative use. |
| 9 | ἔπος | ἔπος | NOUN | N-SN---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Ὁμήρου | det | high | |
| 11 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔπος | nmod | high | |
| 12 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὀνομάζον | obj | high | Accusative object of ὀνομάζον. |
| 13 | ὀνομάζον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAP-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἔπος | acl | medium | Accusative form is formally compatible with an understood neuter singular antecedent ἔπος; construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ὀνομάζον | cc | high | |
| 15 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | P-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 13 ὀνομάζον | obj | high | Second object of ὀνομάζον. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ζεύς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-SM---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Περσεφόνεια | nsubj | high | Subject of the quoted/cited clause. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Ζεύς | cc | high | |
| 19 | καταχθόνιος | καταχθόνιος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ζεύς | amod | high | Predicative adjective with omitted εἰμί. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐπαινὴ | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἐπαινὴ | ἐπαινός | ADJ | A-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 Περσεφόνεια | amod | high | Feminine nominative agrees with Περσεφόνεια. |
| 22 | Περσεφόνεια | Περσεφόνη | PROPN | N-SF---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ζεύς | conj | medium | Coordinated second nominative phrase in the quotation; syntactic ellipsis is present. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 24 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token; internal attachment uncertain. |
| 25 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 24 H | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token. |
| 26 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 24 H | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 H | punct | medium | Punctuation within citation. |
| 28 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 24 H | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token. |
| 29 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 28 l | dep | low | Bibliographic citation token. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 l | punct | medium | Punctuation within citation. |
| 31 | 9.457 | 9.457 | SYM | _ | _ | 24 H | dep | low | Bibliographic reference token. |
Αἰσχύλος δὲ ὁ Εὐφορίωνος καλεῖ Δία καὶ τὸν ἐν θαλάσσῃ.
The second accusative phrase τὸν ἐν θαλάσσῃ is an elliptical substantivized article-plus-prepositional phrase, likely referring to Zeus in the sea; ἐν θαλάσσῃ modifies the substantivized τὸν. Αἰσχύλος is subject and Εὐφορίωνος is a genitive patronymic/appositional modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰσχύλος | Αἰσχύλος | PROPN | Ne-S--ms- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καλεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 καλεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---N-M-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Εὐφορίωνος | det | high | |
| 4 | Εὐφορίωνος | Εὐφορίων | PROPN | Ne-S---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἰσχύλος | appos | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Euphorion’. |
| 5 | καλεῖ | καλέω | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N---A-m- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καλεῖ | obj | high | Accusative singular of Ζεύς. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 καλεῖ | cc | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---A-M-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καλεῖ | obj | medium | Substantivized article; ellipsis of a masculine accusative noun, probably Ζεύς. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 10 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N---D-f- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 τὸν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν; modifies the substantivized τὸν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 καλεῖ | punct | high |
τρισὶν οὖν ὁρῶντα ἐποίησεν ὀφθαλμοῖς ὅστις δὴ ἦν ὁ ποιήσας, ἅτε ἐν ταῖς τρισὶ ταῖς λεγομέναις λήξεσιν ἄρχοντα τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον θεόν.
The final accusative participial construction (ἄρχοντα ... θεόν) is an explanatory adjunct: the same god is said to rule in the three named divisions; ὅστις ... ὁ ποιήσας is an indirect question identifying the maker.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρισὶν | τρεῖς | NUM | A-N--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὁρῶντα | obl | high | Dative of instrument/means with ὁρῶντα. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ὁρῶντα | ὁράω | VERB | V-PPM/AN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | medium | Accusative present participle, predicative/complementary with ἐποίησεν; understood subject is θεόν. |
| 4 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | ὀφθαλμοῖς | ὀφθαλμός | NOUN | N-DPM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὁρῶντα | obl | high | Dative of instrument, coordinated semantically with τρισίν. |
| 6 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | P-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | nsubj | high | Relative/interrogative pronoun introducing an indirect question. |
| 7 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 8 ἦν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐποίησεν | ccomp | high | Copular verb in indirect question. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ποιήσας | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 10 | ποιήσας | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ἦν | nsubj | high | Articular participle, predicate nominal/subject identification in the indirect question. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἄρχοντα | mark | medium | Causal/explanatory conjunction introducing a participial clause. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 λήξεσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the dative plural. |
| 14 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 λήξεσιν | det | high | |
| 15 | τρισὶ | τρεῖς | NUM | A-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 λήξεσιν | nummod | high | Agreeing with λήξεσιν. |
| 16 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 λεγομέναις | det | high | Article with λεγομέναις. |
| 17 | λεγομέναις | λέγω | VERB | V-PPM-DPF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 18 λήξεσιν | amod | high | Participial modifier of λήξεσιν. |
| 18 | λήξεσιν | λῆξις | NOUN | N-DPF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἄρχοντα | obl | high | Object of ἐν; locative circumstance. |
| 19 | ἄρχοντα | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐποίησεν | advcl | medium | Participial clause with accusative subject/object relation to θεόν; governs the following accusative phrase. |
| 20 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 θεόν | det | high | |
| 21 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 θεόν | amod | high | Intensive/emphatic adjective-pronoun modifying θεόν. |
| 22 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | A-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 θεόν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 23 | θεόν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἄρχοντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the participial clause, with ἄρχοντα agreeing predicatively. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |