Grammar parses for passage 2.25.8
Open translation for this passage
προϊοῦσι δὲ ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐκτραπεῖσιν ἐς δεξιὰν Τίρυνθός ἐστιν ἐρείπια.
The sentence has a coordinated pair of dative plural participles (προϊοῦσι ... καὶ ἐκτραπεῖσιν) modifying the understood travelers and governing the directional phrase ἐς δεξιάν; Τίρυνθος ἐρείπια ἐστίν means ‘Tiryns is ruins/remains.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προϊοῦσι | πρόειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐρείπια | advcl | medium | Dative plural participial form, with the understood travelers as subject; parsed as present active participle despite finite-verb-like ambiguity. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 προϊοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-ADV | _ | 1 προϊοῦσι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐκτραπεῖσιν | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐκτραπεῖσιν | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | V-2AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἐρείπια | advcl | medium | Aorist active participle, dative plural, coordinated with προϊοῦσι; spelling may reflect contracted or variant form. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 δεξιὰν | case | high | |
| 7 | δεξιὰν | δεξιός | ADJ | A-A--F-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκτραπεῖσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine accusative, ‘to the right’; ἐς governs the phrase. |
| 8 | Τίρυνθός | Τίρυνς | PROPN | N-----N-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρείπια | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of ἐστιν; accentuation is orthographic. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐρείπια | cop | high | |
| 10 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-----N-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominal ‘ruins’; nominative neuter plural with singular copula. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐρείπια | punct | high |
ἀνέστησαν δὲ καὶ Τιρυνθίους Ἀργεῖοι, συνοίκους προσλαβεῖν καὶ τὸ Ἄργος ἐπαυξῆσαι θελήσαντες.
Ἀργεῖοι is the subject of ἀνέστησαν; θελήσαντες introduces coordinated infinitival complements, with συνοίκους as the predicative complement of προσλαβεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνέστησαν | ἀνίστημι | VERB | V-3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνέστησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνέστησαν | cc | high | Coordinating/additive καί. |
| 4 | Τιρυνθίους | Τίρυνς | PROPN | N-A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνέστησαν | obj | high | |
| 5 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-N-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀνέστησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέστησαν | punct | high | |
| 7 | συνοίκους | σύνοικος | ADJ | A-A-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 προσλαβεῖν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with προσλαβεῖν: to take as fellow-inhabitants. |
| 8 | προσλαβεῖν | προσλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 θελήσαντες | xcomp | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐπαυξῆσαι | cc | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Ἄργος | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπαυξῆσαι | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἐπαυξῆσαι | ἐπαυξάνω | VERB | V-PAAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 13 θελήσαντες | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive under θελήσαντες. |
| 13 | θελήσαντες | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἀνέστησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἀργεῖοι. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνέστησαν | punct | high |
Τίρυνθα δὲ ἥρωα, ἀφʼ οὗ τῇ πόλει τὸ ὄνομα ἐγένετο, παῖδα Ἄργου τοῦ Διὸς εἶναι λέγουσι.
Τίρυνθα is the accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι in the reported-clause construction with λέγουσι; ἥρωα is a parenthetical appositional accusative, and ἀφʼ οὗ introduces a relative clause modifying ἥρωα, with τῇ πόλει as dative of possession/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τίρυνθα | Τίρυνθα | PROPN | Neut-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἥρωα | ἥρως | NOUN | Masc-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Τίρυνθα | appos | medium | Parenthetical appositional accusative, probably referring to the eponymous hero; syntactically tied to Τίρυνθα. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 3 ἥρωα | punct | high | |
| 5 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 οὗ | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 6 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | Rel-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 11 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Relative pronoun governed by ἀπό; masculine antecedent is ἥρωα, though form/antecedent alignment is somewhat compressed. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Sg-Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πόλει | det | high | |
| 8 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | Fem-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένετο | iobj | high | Dative complement with ἐγένετο, expressing the city for which the name arose. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Acc-Sg-Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 10 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | Neut-Nom-Acc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 11 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Med-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 6 οὗ | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 3 ἥρωα | punct | high | |
| 13 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | Masc-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 14 | Ἄργου | Ἄργος | PROPN | Masc-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖδα: son/child of Argos. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Διὸς | det | high | |
| 16 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | Propn-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἄργου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἄργου, identifying Argos as son of Zeus. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-Pres-Inf-Act | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the reported-content clause. |
| 18 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Ind-3P | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 18 λέγουσι | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ τεῖχος, ὃ δὴ μόνον τῶν ἐρειπίων λείπεται, Κυκλώπων μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, πεποίηται δὲ ἀργῶν λίθων, μέγεθος ἔχων ἕκαστος λίθος ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μηδʼ ἂν ἀρχὴν κινηθῆναι τὸν μικρότατον ὑπὸ ζεύγους ἡμιόνων·
The sentence has a copular main clause; the relative clause modifies τεῖχος, and πεποίηται is coordinated with ἐστιν. The final ὡς ... μηδʼ ἂν ... κινηθῆναι is a result construction associated with the stone-size description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 τεῖχος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 τεῖχος | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to τεῖχος. |
| 6 | δὴ | δή | PART | -------- | _ | 10 λείπεται | discourse | high | |
| 7 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 λείπεται | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective: the only thing remaining. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐρειπίων | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐρειπίων | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 λείπεται | obl | high | Partitive genitive with μόνον/λείπεται. |
| 10 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V3SPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 14 ἐστιν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λείπεται | punct | high | |
| 12 | Κυκλώπων | Κύκλωψ | PROPN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἔργον | nmod:poss | high | |
| 13 | μέν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 14 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIAA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 15 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V3RPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 14 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate, with τεῖχος understood as subject. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἀργῶν | ἀργός | ADJ | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 λίθων | amod | high | Agrees with λίθων. |
| 20 | λίθων | λίθος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πεποίηται | obl | high | Material genitive with πεποίηται. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 πεποίηται | punct | high | |
| 22 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | N----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἔχων | obj | high | Internal accusative object of ἔχων. |
| 23 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 πεποίηται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject λίθος. |
| 24 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | DET | A----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 25 λίθος | det | high | |
| 25 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἔχων | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle ἔχων. |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 32 κινηθῆναι | mark | medium | Introduces a consecutive/result clause with μηδʼ ἂν. |
| 27 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 28 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 32 κινηθῆναι | obl | medium | Genitive with ἀπό; antecedent is the stones. |
| 29 | μηδʼ | μηδέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 32 κινηθῆναι | cc | high | Negative coordinator in the result construction. |
| 30 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | -------- | _ | 32 κινηθῆναι | aux | high | Modal particle with infinitive. |
| 31 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 κινηθῆναι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative: at all/in the first place. |
| 32 | κινηθῆναι | κινέω | VERB | V--APN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 ἔχων | acl | medium | Result infinitive under ὡς; understood object is τὸν μικρότατον λίθον. |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 μικρότατον | det | high | |
| 34 | μικρότατον | μικρός | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 κινηθῆναι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the smallest'; λίθος is understood. |
| 35 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 36 ζεύγους | case | high | |
| 36 | ζεύγους | ζεῦγος | NOUN | N----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 κινηθῆναι | obl:agent | high | Agent phrase with passive infinitive. |
| 37 | ἡμιόνων | ἡμίονος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ζεύγους | nmod | high | Dependent genitive: a pair of mules. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high |
λιθία δὲ ἐνήρμοσται πάλαι, ὡς μάλιστα αὐτῶν ἕκαστον ἁρμονίαν τοῖς μεγάλοις λίθοις εἶναι.
The ὡς-clause is syntactically compressed and semantically unusual: ἕκαστον is treated as the accusative subject of εἶναι, while ἁρμονίαν is analyzed as its accusative complement, with τοῖς μεγάλοις λίθοις in a dependent dative construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λιθία | λιθία | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | nsubj:pass | medium | Feminine nominative subject, ‘stonework/masonry’; exact lexical sense context-dependent. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐνήρμοσται | ἐναρμόζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect passive: ‘has been fitted/joined’. |
| 4 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 εἶναι | mark | medium | Introduces the infinitival explanatory/comparative clause; construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἕκαστον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἕκαστον. |
| 8 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 9 ἕκαστον | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive with ἕκαστον; gender is inferred from the referent ‘stones’. |
| 9 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 10 ἁρμονίαν | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive, understood distributively (‘each one’); neuter form may reflect stone/material reference. |
| 10 | ἁρμονίαν | ἁρμονία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative complement/predicate-like noun with εἶναι; the compressed phrase is difficult to construe exactly. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 λίθοις | det | high | Article agreeing with λίθοις. |
| 12 | μεγάλοις | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 λίθοις | amod | high | Adjective modifying λίθοις. |
| 13 | λίθοις | λίθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἁρμονίαν | obl | medium | Dative associated with ἁρμονίαν, likely expressing relation or means (‘with/to the large stones’). |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | advcl | medium | Infinitival clause governed by ὡς; syntactic relation to the main predicate is compressed. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | punct | high |