Grammar parses for passage 2.25.8
Open translation for this passage
προϊοῦσι δὲ ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἐκτραπεῖσιν ἐς δεξιὰν Τίρυνθός ἐστιν ἐρείπια.
Main clause is an existential construction with ἐρείπια as predicate nominative and ἐστιν as copula; the opening participles form circumstantial modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προϊοῦσι | πρόειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐρείπια | advcl | high | Present active participle, dative plural; circumstantial modifier of the main clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 προϊοῦσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 1 προϊοῦσι | advmod | high | Adverbial source/place modifier of the participle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐκτραπεῖσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 5 | ἐκτραπεῖσιν | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | V-APP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 προϊοῦσι | conj | high | Aorist passive participle coordinated with προϊοῦσι. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 δεξιὰν | case | high | Preposition governing δεξιὰν. |
| 7 | δεξιὰν | δεξιός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκτραπεῖσιν | obl | medium | Accusative feminine singular used substantively after ἐς; dependent on the participle. |
| 8 | Τίρυνθός | Τίρυνς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive of location/possession modifying ἐρείπια. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐρείπια | cop | high | Copula. |
| 10 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominal clause, 'there are ruins.' |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐρείπια | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ τεῖχος, ὃ δὴ μόνον τῶν ἐρειπίων λείπεται, Κυκλώπων μέν ἐστιν ἔργον, πεποίηται δὲ ἀργῶν λίθων, μέγεθος ἔχων ἕκαστος λίθος ὡς ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μηδʼ ἂν ἀρχὴν κινηθῆναι τὸν μικρότατον ὑπὸ ζεύγους ἡμιόνων·
The syntax is a chain of coordinated predicates with a relative clause and a participial/infinitival construction; the final ὡς-clause is somewhat ambiguous, but is best taken as governing the infinitive κινηθῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 τεῖχος | det | high | Article modifying τεῖχος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 3 τεῖχος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν in the first clause. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 τεῖχος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | p-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 10 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of λείπεται. |
| 6 | δὴ | δή | PART | d-------- | _ | 5 ὃ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle with relative clause. |
| 7 | μόνον | μόνος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 λείπεται | advmod | medium | Likely adverbial accusative modifying λείπεται: 'alone'. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ἐρειπίων | det | high | Article modifying ἐρειπίων. |
| 9 | ἐρειπίων | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | n-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 λείπεται | obl | high | Partitive genitive with μόνον/λείπεται. |
| 10 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | v-3spip--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 3 τεῖχος | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate modifying τεῖχος. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λείπεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | Κυκλώπων | Κύκλωψ | PROPN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive attribute of ἔργον. |
| 13 | μέν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 14 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 14 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular predicate of first clause. |
| 15 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominal with copula. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | v-3spmpe-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 17 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | ἀργῶν | ἀργός | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 λίθων | amod | high | Modifier of λίθων. |
| 20 | λίθων | λίθος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πεποίηται | obl | high | Material/source genitive dependent on πεποίηται. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 πεποίηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἔχων | obj | high | Object/complement of ἔχων. |
| 23 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 λίθος | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying λίθος. |
| 24 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 λίθος | det | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθος. |
| 25 | λίθος | λίθος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | Subject of the participial clause and associated infinitive construction. |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | d-------- | _ | 32 κινηθῆναι | mark | medium | Introduces comparative/result clause with infinitive. |
| 27 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 28 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῶν. |
| 28 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 32 κινηθῆναι | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπό within comparison. |
| 29 | μηδʼ | μηδέ | PART | d-------- | _ | 32 κινηθῆναι | advmod | medium | Negative particle in infinitival clause. |
| 30 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | d-------- | _ | 32 κινηθῆναι | advmod | medium | Modal particle with infinitive. |
| 31 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 κινηθῆναι | obl | high | Adverbial accusative 'at all, in the beginning'. |
| 32 | κινηθῆναι | κινέω | VERB | v--anp--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 23 ἔχων | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔχων. |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 μικρότατον | det | high | Article modifying μικρότατον. |
| 34 | μικρότατον | μικρός | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ζεύγους | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying ζεύγους/ellipsis of 'stone' as object of motion. |
| 35 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 36 ζεύγους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 36 | ζεύγους | ζεῦγος | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 κινηθῆναι | obl | high | Agent/instrument phrase with ὑπό. |
| 37 | ἡμιόνων | ἡμίονος | NOUN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 36 ζεύγους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ζεύγους. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
λιθία δὲ ἐνήρμοσται πάλαι, ὡς μάλιστα αὐτῶν ἕκαστον ἁρμονίαν τοῖς μεγάλοις λίθοις εἶναι.
The main difficulty is the compressed infinitival clause after ὡς; ἕκαστον and ἁρμονίαν are likely predicative/accusative elements inside an indirect statement-like construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λιθία | λιθία | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | nsubj | medium | Likely neuter nominative singular used substantively or adjectivally; context suggests subject of ἐνήρμοσται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἐνήρμοσται | ἁρμόζω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive form functioning as copular-like predication. |
| 4 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | D | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 εἶναι | mark | medium | Introduces indirect statement/comparison; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 14 εἶναι | advmod | high | Modifies infinitive phrase. |
| 8 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἕκαστον | det | medium | Likely genitive dependent of ἕκαστον, 'of each of them'. |
| 9 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object of infinitival clause; likely with ἁρμονίαν as predicative accusative. |
| 10 | ἁρμονίαν | ἁρμονία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative or complement within infinitival clause. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-APM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 λίθοις | det | high | Article with λίθοις. |
| 12 | μεγάλοις | μέγας | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 λίθοις | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 13 | λίθοις | λίθος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἶναι | obl | high | Dative complement with infinitive. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | xcomp | high | Infinitival clause dependent on ἐνήρμοσται. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐνήρμοσται | punct | high | Punctuation. |