Grammar parses for passage 2.26.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἀρεσθάνας δὲ---ὄνομα γὰρ τῷ ποιμένι τοῦτο ἦν---ὡς τὸν ἀριθμὸν οὐχ εὕρισκεν ὁμολογοῦντα τῶν αἰγῶν καὶ ὁ κύων ἅμα ἀπεστάτει τῆς ποίμνης, οὕτω τὸν Ἀρεσθάναν ἐς πᾶν φασιν ἀφικνεῖσθαι ζητήσεως,
The syntax is parenthetical and somewhat irregular; φασιν is treated as a parenthetical report governing the infinitive ἀφικνεῖσθαι, while the first long clause is anchored on ἦν with explanatory material in apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀρεσθάνας | Ἀρεσθάνας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εὕρισκεν | nsubj | medium | Name in nominative; function as subject of εὕρισκεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 εὕρισκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἀρεσθάνας | punct | high | Hyphen in editor's punctuation. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἀρεσθάνας | punct | high | Hyphen in editor's punctuation. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Ἀρεσθάνας | punct | high | Hyphen in editor's punctuation. |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject complement with ἦν. |
| 7 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ποιμένι | det | high | Article modifying ποιμένι. |
| 9 | ποιμένι | ποιμήν | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/association with ἦν. |
| 10 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ὄνομα | appos | medium | Likely appositive to ὄνομα, i.e. 'this [was the] name'. |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main verb of the parenthetical clause. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | Hyphen in editor's punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | Hyphen in editor's punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | Hyphen in editor's punctuation. |
| 15 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 19 εὕρισκεν | mark | high | Introduces reported comparison/cause clause. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἀριθμὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἀριθμόν. |
| 17 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εὕρισκεν | obj | high | Object of εὕρισκεν. |
| 18 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 19 εὕρισκεν | advmod | high | Negation of εὕρισκεν. |
| 19 | εὕρισκεν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-IIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ὡς | advcl | high | Finite clause dependent on ὡς. |
| 20 | ὁμολογοῦντα | ὁμολογέω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἀριθμὸν | amod | medium | Participial modifier of ἀριθμόν or semantically of the missing head; parses as agreeing with ἀριθμόν. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 αἰγῶν | det | high | Article modifying αἰγῶν. |
| 22 | αἰγῶν | αἴξ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ὁμολογοῦντα | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ὁμολογοῦντα, expressing the goats counted/compared against. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἀπεστάτει | cc | high | Coordinates clause with prior one. |
| 24 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 κύων | det | high | Article modifying κύων. |
| 25 | κύων | κύων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπεστάτει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπεστάτει. |
| 26 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | _ | _ | 27 ἀπεστάτει | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier. |
| 27 | ἀπεστάτει | ἀποστατέω | VERB | V-IIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 εὕρισκεν | conj | high | Coordinated with εὕρισκεν under the ὡς-clause. |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ποίμνης | det | high | Article modifying ποίμνης. |
| 29 | ποίμνης | ποίμνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπεστάτει | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἀπεστάτει, 'from the flock'. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἀπεστάτει | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 31 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | _ | _ | 37 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | advmod | high | Correlative adverb introducing main report. |
| 32 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 Ἀρεσθάναν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρεσθάναν. |
| 33 | Ἀρεσθάναν | Ἀρεσθάνας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀφικνεῖσθαι. |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 35 πᾶν | case | high | Preposition governing πᾶν. |
| 35 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Likely adverbial/prepositional phrase 'into everything/anywhere'. |
| 36 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 37 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | aux | low | Can be treated as parenthetical report 'they say' governing infinitive ἀφικνεῖσθαι. |
| 37 | ἀφικνεῖσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 31 οὕτω | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασιν; main reported predicate. |
| 38 | ζητήσεως | ζήτησις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ἀφικνεῖσθαι; sense uncertain, perhaps 'in pursuit/search'. |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἀφικνεῖσθαι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
καὶ ὡς ἐγγὺς ἐγίνετο, ἀστραπὴν ἰδεῖν ἐκλάμψασαν ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδός,
The clause is elliptical: ἰδεῖν is a complementary infinitive, and ἐκλάμψασαν is a participle modifying ἀστραπὴν; ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδός is attached as a genitival/ablatival modifier despite some semantic ambiguity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking to the preceding clause. |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 3 | ἐγγὺς | ἐγγύς | ADV | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐγίνετο. |
| 4 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-IMPF-M/P-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ἀστραπὴν | ἀστραπή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἰδεῖν | obj | high | Object of infinitive ἰδεῖν. |
| 7 | ἰδεῖν | ὁράω | VERB | V-AOR-Act-INF | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐγίνετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐγίνετο. |
| 8 | ἐκλάμψασαν | ἐκλάμπω | VERB | V-AOR-Act-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἀστραπὴν | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying ἀστραπὴν. |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 11 παιδός | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 παιδός | det | high | Article with παιδός. |
| 11 | παιδός | παῖς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐκλάμψασαν | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἐκλάμψασαν with ἀπὸ; semantics somewhat ambiguous. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐγίνετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
νομίσαντα δὲ εἶναι θεῖόν τι, ὥσπερ ἦν, ἀποτραπέσθαι.
The sentence is an infinitival construction with a participial/frame-dependent subject accusative (νομίσαντα) and a parenthetical comparative clause (ὥσπερ ἦν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νομίσαντα | νομίζω | VERB | AOR_ACT_PTCP | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποτραπέσθαι | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, agreeing with implied accusative subject of the infinitival complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 10 ἀποτραπέσθαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | PRES_INF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 νομίσαντα | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on νομίσαντα. |
| 4 | θεῖόν | θεῖος | ADJ | ADJ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with εἶναι. |
| 5 | τι | τις | PRON | INDP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 4 θεῖόν | det | medium | Indefinite enclitic modifying θεῖον. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποτραπέσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | mark | high | Comparative subordinator introducing parenthetical clause. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | IMPF_IND_ACT | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποτραπέσθαι | advcl | high | Parenthetical comparative clause. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἀποτραπέσθαι | ἀποτρέπομαι | VERB | AOR_MID_INF | Aspect=Perf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitival predicate. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποτραπέσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὁ δὲ αὐτίκα ἐπὶ γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν πᾶσαν ἠγγέλλετο τά τε ἄλλα ὁπόσα βούλοιτο εὑρίσκειν ἐπὶ τοῖς κάμνουσι καὶ ὅτι ἀνίστησι τεθνεῶτας.
The syntax is a chain of indirect discourse: the main reporting verb ἠγγέλλετο governs an object phrase plus an infinitival/content clause, with ὁπόσα βούλοιτο functioning as an embedded relative construction and a final ὅτι-clause coordinated by καί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | nsubj | high | Article functioning as subject with understood substantive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the reporting verb. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | obl | medium | Introduces part of a coordinate spatial phrase. |
| 5 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπὶ | obj | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinates two prepositional phrases. |
| 7 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπὶ | conj | high | Second object of the coordinate spatial phrase. |
| 8 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 θάλασσαν | amod | high | Modifies θάλασσαν. |
| 9 | ἠγγέλλετο | ἀγγέλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 10 | τά | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄλλα | det | high | Article with ἄλλα. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἄλλα | discourse | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 12 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | obj | high | First coordinated object/content item under the reporting verb. |
| 13 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 15 εὑρίσκειν | obj | high | Relative/interrogative pronoun, direct object of εὑρίσκειν. |
| 14 | βούλοιτο | βούλομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 13 ὁπόσα | advcl | high | Optative in an indirect relative clause. |
| 15 | εὑρίσκειν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἄλλα | xcomp | high | Complement of ἄλλα in indirect discourse. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 15 εὑρίσκειν | obl | medium | Preposition heading a participial phrase. |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 κάμνουσι | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 18 | κάμνουσι | κάμνω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἐπὶ | obj | high | Substantival participle governed by ἐπὶ. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ὅτι | cc | high | Coordinates another indirect statement. |
| 20 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | ccomp | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 21 | ἀνίστησι | ἀνίστημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 ὅτι | ccomp | high | Verb of the ὅτι-clause. |
| 22 | τεθνεῶτας | θνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἀνίστησι | obj | high | Accusative participle functioning as object/complement of ἀνίστησι. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠγγέλλετο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |