Grammar parses for passage 2.27.5
Open translation for this passage
τὰ μὲν γὰρ Ῥωμαίων πολὺ δή τι καὶ ὑπερῆρ κ ε τῶν πανταχοῦ τῷ κόσμῳ, μεγέθει δὲ Ἀρκάδων τὸ ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει· ἁρμονίας δὲ ἢ κάλλους ἕνεκα ἀρχιτέκτων ποῖος ἐς ἅμιλλαν Πολυκλείτῳ γένοιτʼ ἂν ἀξιόχρεως;
The sentence contains an elliptical comparison in the first clause and a rhetorical question with potential optative in the second; tokenization of ὑπερῆρ κ ε is irregular, so the analysis of tokens 9–11 is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ὑπερῆρ | obj | medium | Likely article with implied substantive; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 τὰ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὰ. |
| 5 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερῆρ | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative of degree. |
| 6 | δή | δή | PART | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 7 | τι | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 5 πολὺ | advmod | medium | Enclitic intensifier with πολὺ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | cc | high | Linking with preceding degree expression. |
| 9 | ὑπερῆρ | ὑπερέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Orthography likely for ὑπερῆρχε(ν); parsed as root despite apparent truncation/segmentation. |
| 10 | κ | κ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | advmod | medium | Likely enclitic particle as part of ἦν/ἂν? tokenization uncertain. |
| 11 | ε | ε | PART | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | advmod | low | Likely split from a clitic or enclitic sequence; uncertain. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 κόσμῳ | det | high | Article introducing πανταχοῦ τῷ κόσμῳ. |
| 13 | πανταχοῦ | πανταχοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | obl | medium | Adverbial modifier, likely of comparison/source region. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 κόσμῳ | det | high | Article with κόσμῳ. |
| 15 | κόσμῳ | κόσμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερῆρ | obl | high | Dative of respect/reference. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπερῆρ | obl | high | Dative of respect. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 μεγέθει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 μεγέθει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μεγέθει. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πόλει | det | high | Article with πόλει. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 23 πόλει | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | Μεγάλῃ | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πόλει | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πόλει. |
| 23 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μεγέθει | nmod | high | Part of the comparison phrase ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὑπερῆρ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | ἁρμονίας | ἁρμονία | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἕνεκα. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἁρμονίας | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 27 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 ἁρμονίας | cc | high | Correlative 'or' in fixed pair ἢ ... ἕνεκα. |
| 28 | κάλλους | κάλλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἁρμονίας | conj | high | Second genitive coordinated with ἁρμονίας. |
| 29 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | _ | _ | 37 ἀξιόχρεως | mark | medium | Postposition governing genitives; attached to predicate adjective/complement clause. |
| 30 | ἀρχιτέκτων | ἀρχιτέκτων | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 ἀξιόχρεως | nsubj | high | Subject of γένοιτʼ. |
| 31 | ποῖος | ποῖος | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 30 ἀρχιτέκτων | det | high | Interrogative attributive to ἀρχιτέκτων. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 33 ἅμιλλαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 33 | ἅμιλλαν | ἅμιλλα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 ἀξιόχρεως | obl | high | Purpose/standard of comparison with ἐς. |
| 34 | Πολυκλείτῳ | Πολύκλειτος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 ἅμιλλαν | obl | high | Dative of comparison/reference with ἐς ἅμιλλαν. |
| 35 | γένοιτʼ | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 37 ἀξιόχρεως | cop | medium | Optative with potential ἂν; treated as copular-like link to predicate adjective. |
| 36 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 35 γένοιτʼ | advmod | high | Modal particle. |
| 37 | ἀξιόχρεως | ἀξιόχρεως | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate adjective and sentence root. |
| 38 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 ἀξιόχρεως | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Πολύκλειτος γὰρ καὶ θέατρον τοῦτο καὶ οἴκημα τὸ περιφερὲς ὁ ποιήσας ἦν.
The structure is slightly compressed: the participial phrase ὁ ποιήσας is attributive to Πολύκλειτος, while θέατρον and οἴκημα are coordinated objects of the participle under the main verb ἦν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πολύκλειτος | Πολύκλειτος | PROPN | NOUN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 θέατρον | cc | high | Connects the two coordinated objects. |
| 4 | θέατρον | θέατρον | NOUN | NOUN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | obj | high | First object of ποιήσας. |
| 5 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | PDem | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 θέατρον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying θέατρον. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 οἴκημα | cc | high | Connects coordinated noun phrases. |
| 7 | οἴκημα | οἴκημα | NOUN | NOUN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | obj | high | Second object of ποιήσας, coordinated with θέατρον. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 περιφερὲς | det | high | Article modifying περιφερὲς. |
| 9 | περιφερὲς | περιφερής | ADJ | A__ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 οἴκημα | amod | medium | Attributive adjective modifying οἴκημα; form may be substantive/adjectival. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ποιήσας | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 11 | ποιήσας | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Πολύκλειτος | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Πολύκλειτος. |
| 12 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/auxiliary predicate. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐντὸς δὲ τοῦ ἄλσους ναός τέ ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος καὶ ἄγαλμα Ἠπιόνης καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ἱερὸν καὶ Θέμιδος καὶ στάδιον, οἷα Ἕλλησι τὰ πολλὰ γῆς χῶμα,
The first clause is a copular list with several coordinated nominative items; the final phrase οἷα Ἕλλησι τὰ πολλὰ γῆς χῶμα is elliptical and best treated as a detached comparative/characterizing remark.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverbial use with δέ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐντὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἄλσους | det | high | Article modifying ἄλσους. |
| 4 | ἄλσους | ἄλσος | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐντὸς | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐντός. |
| 5 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 6 | τέ | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ναός | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄγαλμα. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 Ἀρτέμιδος | cc | high | Coordinates genitives in a list. |
| 10 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ναός | conj | high | Coordinated subject-like nominal with ναός. |
| 11 | Ἠπιόνης | Ἠπιόνη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄγαλμα. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 Ἠπιόνης | cc | high | Coordinates genitives in a list. |
| 13 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερόν. |
| 14 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | a-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ναός | conj | medium | Likely nominalized adjective coordinated with ναός and ἄγαλμα; could function substantively 'shrine'. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἱερὸν | cc | high | Coordinates nouns/adjectives in list. |
| 16 | Θέμιδος | Θέμις | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερόν. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 16 Θέμιδος | cc | high | Coordinates genitives in a list. |
| 18 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ναός | conj | high | Coordinated nominal in the predicate list. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | οἷα | οἷος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 χῶμα | amod | medium | Could be predicative/relative-like; taken as adjectival modifier of χῶμα. |
| 21 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 χῶμα | nmod | medium | Dative of respect/association with χῶμα; could also be construed with implied copula. |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 πολλὰ | det | high | Article modifying πολλὰ. |
| 23 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 χῶμα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of χῶμα. |
| 24 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 χῶμα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of χῶμα. |
| 25 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Loose comparative/parenthetical clause-like nominal phrase after comma; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ κρήνη τῷ τε ὀρόφῳ καὶ κόσμῳ τῷ λοιπῷ θέας ἀξία.
Elliptical copular construction: κρήνη is the nominative subject/predicate head, with dative phrases expressing respect or adornment, and ἀξία as the predicative adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 κρήνη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the two coordinated noun phrases. |
| 2 | κρήνη | κρήνη | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicative nominal sentence with implicit copula. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὀρόφῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with ὀρόφῳ. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 τῷ | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective/continuative particle; attachment is approximate. |
| 5 | ὀρόφῳ | ὀροφή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 κρήνη | obl | high | Dative of respect/instrument with κρήνη. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 κόσμῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the second noun phrase to the first. |
| 7 | κόσμῳ | κόσμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 κρήνη | obl | high | Second dative complement coordinated with ὀρόφῳ. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 λοιπῷ | det | high | Article agreeing with λοιπῷ. |
| 9 | λοιπῷ | λοιπός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κόσμῳ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying κόσμῳ. |
| 10 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀξία | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀξία. |
| 11 | ἀξία | ἄξιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 κρήνη | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective agreeing with κρήνη; treated as ellipted copular predicate. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 κρήνη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |