Grammar parses for passage 2.28.1
Open translation for this passage
δράκοντες δὲ---οἱ λοιποὶ καὶ ἕτερον γένος---ἐς τὸ ξανθότερον ῥέποντες χρόας ἱεροὶ μὲν τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ νομίζονται καὶ εἰσὶν ἀνθρώποις ἥμεροι, τρέφει δὲ μόνη σφᾶς ἡ τῶν Ἐπιδαυρίων γῆ.
The subject δράκοντες governs νομίζονται, εἰσίν, and the coordinated clause τρέφει σφᾶς; οἱ λοιποί καὶ ἕτερον γένος is an appositional interruption. χρόας is accusative plural, adverbially specifying appearance with ῥέποντες; μόνη agrees with γῆ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δράκοντες | δράκων | NOUN | Noun-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 νομίζονται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 23 νομίζονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δράκοντες | punct | high | Dash. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δράκοντες | punct | high | Dash. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δράκοντες | punct | high | Dash. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λοιποὶ | det | high | |
| 7 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | A-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δράκοντες | appos | medium | Substantivized appositional phrase. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 10 γένος | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-Nom.Neq.Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 γένος | amod | high | |
| 10 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-Nom.Neq.Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 δράκοντες | appos | medium | Appositional phrase coordinated with οἱ λοιποί. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 γένος | punct | high | Dash. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 γένος | punct | high | Dash. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 γένος | punct | high | Dash. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 16 ξανθότερον | case | high | |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc.Neq.Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ξανθότερον | det | high | |
| 16 | ξανθότερον | ξανθός | ADJ | A-Acc.Neq.Sing.Comp | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ῥέποντες | obl | high | Substantivized comparative, object of ἐς. |
| 17 | ῥέποντες | ῥέπω | VERB | V-PresActPtc-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 νομίζονται | advcl | high | Participial modifier of the subject/predicate. |
| 18 | χρόας | χρόα | NOUN | N-Acc.Fem.Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ῥέποντες | obl | medium | Accusative of respect: in color/complexion. |
| 19 | ἱεροὶ | ἱερός | ADJ | A-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 νομίζονται | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with νομίζονται. |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Adv | _ | 23 νομίζονται | discourse | high | |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen.Masc.Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-Gen.Masc.Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἱεροὶ | nmod | high | |
| 23 | νομίζονται | νομίζω | VERB | V-PresMidInd-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive/deponent sense: are considered. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 25 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PresActInd-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 νομίζονται | conj | high | Coordinated copular predicate. |
| 26 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-Dat.Masc.Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἥμεροι | iobj | high | Dative of reference. |
| 27 | ἥμεροι | ἥμερος | ADJ | A-Nom.Masc.Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 εἰσὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσίν. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 τρέφει | punct | high | |
| 29 | τρέφει | τρέφω | VERB | V-PresActInd-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Coordinated main clause; parser-style second root avoided by attaching to νομίζονται would also be possible. |
| 30 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 29 τρέφει | cc | high | |
| 31 | μόνη | μόνος | ADJ | A-Nom.Fem.Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 γῆ | amod | high | Agrees with γῆ. |
| 32 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | PPro-Acc.Plur | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 τρέφει | obj | high | |
| 33 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom.Fem.Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 γῆ | det | high | |
| 34 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen.Masc.Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 Ἐπιδαυρίων | det | high | |
| 35 | Ἐπιδαυρίων | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | N-Gen.Masc.Plur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 γῆ | nmod | high | |
| 36 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | N-Nom.Fem.Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 τρέφει | nsubj | high | |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 τρέφει | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ εὑρίσκω καὶ ἄλλαις χώραις συμβεβηκός· Λιβύη μέν γε μόνη κροκοδείλους τρέφει χερσαίους διπήχεων οὐκ ἐλάσσονας, παρὰ δὲ Ἰνδῶν μόνων ἄλλα τε κομίζεται καὶ ὄρνιθες οἱ ψιττακοί.
The opening τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ ... συμβεβηκός is an accusative/nominalized resultative construction governed by εὑρίσκω; the semicolon introduces coordinated exemplifying clauses. The final singular κομίζεται with plural ὄρνιθες is syntactically irregular or reflects collective/agreement attraction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρίσκω | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 εὑρίσκω | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 τὸ | appos | high | Substantivized/emphatic pronoun with τὸ. |
| 4 | εὑρίσκω | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 συμβεβηκός | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλαις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 χώραις | amod | high | |
| 7 | χώραις | χώρα | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 συμβεβηκός | obl | high | Dative of place/association. |
| 8 | συμβεβηκός | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-RAPNSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 εὑρίσκω | xcomp | medium | Perfect active participle, predicative with τὸ αὐτό; construction interpreted as ‘having happened’. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εὑρίσκω | punct | high | |
| 10 | Λιβύη | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τρέφει | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | μέν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 10 Λιβύη | discourse | high | |
| 12 | γε | γε | PART | Particle | _ | 10 Λιβύη | discourse | high | |
| 13 | μόνη | μόνος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Λιβύη | amod | high | Predicative/contrastive ‘alone’; syntactically dependent on Λιβύη. |
| 14 | κροκοδείλους | κροκόδειλος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 τρέφει | obj | high | |
| 15 | τρέφει | τρέφω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 εὑρίσκω | parataxis | high | New finite clause after the semicolon. |
| 16 | χερσαίους | χερσαῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κροκοδείλους | amod | high | |
| 17 | διπήχεων | διπήχεως | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 χερσαίους | nmod | medium | Genitive of measure/extent modifying χερσαίους/κροκοδείλους. |
| 18 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Part-Neg | Polarity=Neg | 19 ἐλάσσονας | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἐλάσσονας | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κροκοδείλους | amod | high | Comparative adjective in a measure comparison: ‘not smaller than two cubits’. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 τρέφει | punct | high | |
| 21 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 23 Ἰνδῶν | case | high | With genitive, ‘among/from’. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 27 κομίζεται | cc | high | |
| 23 | Ἰνδῶν | Ἰνδός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κομίζεται | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 24 | μόνων | μόνος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Ἰνδῶν | amod | high | |
| 25 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 κομίζεται | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘other things’. |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 27 | κομίζεται | κομίζω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 τρέφει | conj | high | Middle ‘is brought/imported’; coordinated with τρέφει. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 29 ὄρνιθες | cc | high | |
| 29 | ὄρνιθες | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κομίζεται | nsubj | high | Plural subject with singular κομίζεται by attraction/collective interpretation; alternatively textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 30 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ψιττακοί | det | high | |
| 31 | ψιττακοί | ψιττακός | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ὄρνιθες | appos | high | Apposition: ‘the birds, parrots’. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 τρέφει | punct | high |
τοὺς δὲ ὄφεις οἱ Ἐπιδαύριοι τοὺς μεγάλους ἐς πλέον πηχῶν καὶ τριάκοντα προήκοντας, οἷοι παρά τε Ἰνδοῖς τρέφονται καὶ ἐν Λιβύῃ, ἄλλο δή τι γένος φασὶν εἶναι καὶ οὐ δράκοντας.
The sentence has a fronted object ὄφεις and an accusative-and-infinitive construction after φασίν; δράκοντας is a coordinated predicate accusative with elliptical γένος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὄφεις | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὄφεις | ὄφις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 φασὶν | obj | high | Fronted object of φασίν. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἐπιδαύριοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐπιδαύριοι | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 φασὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 μεγάλους | det | high | |
| 7 | μεγάλους | μέγας | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὄφεις | amod | high | Substantivized/adjectival modifier of ὄφεις. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 προήκοντας | case | high | |
| 9 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 προήκοντας | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative meaning 'more than'. |
| 10 | πηχῶν | πῆχυς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πλέον | obl | medium | Measure complement with πλέον. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 τριάκοντα | cc | high | |
| 12 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | M----AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 9 πλέον | nummod | medium | Numeral in the measure expression. |
| 13 | προήκοντας | προήκω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ὄφεις | acl | high | Participial modifier of ὄφεις. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 προήκοντας | punct | high | |
| 15 | οἷοι | οἷος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 τρέφονται | nsubj | medium | Relative adjective with substantival force; subject of τρέφονται. |
| 16 | παρά | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ἰνδοῖς | case | high | |
| 17 | τε | τε | PART | D-------- | _ | 19 τρέφονται | cc | high | Correlative/ जोडitive particle. |
| 18 | Ἰνδοῖς | Ἰνδός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 τρέφονται | obl | high | Dative governed by παρά. |
| 19 | τρέφονται | τρέφω | VERB | V-PPM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 15 οἷοι | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause predicate. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 Λιβύῃ | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Λιβύῃ | case | high | |
| 22 | Λιβύῃ | Λιβύη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 τρέφονται | obl | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 τρέφονται | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 γένος | amod | high | |
| 25 | δή | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 28 φασὶν | discourse | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 26 | τι | τις | PRON | P-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 γένος | det | high | Indefinite modifier of γένος. |
| 27 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 28 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασίν. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 δράκοντας | cc | high | |
| 31 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 32 δράκοντας | advmod | high | |
| 32 | δράκοντας | δράκων | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 εἶναι | conj | high | Second predicate accusative coordinated with γένος εἶναι; elliptical γένος. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 φασὶν | punct | high |