Grammar parses for passage 2.28.3
Open translation for this passage
κατιοῦσι δὲ ἐς τῶν Ἐπιδαυρίων τὴν πόλιν χωρίον ἐστὶ πεφυκυίας ἀγριελαίους ἔχον·
The sentence has an impersonal existential construction: χωρίον ἐστὶ ... ἔχον, with πεφυκυίας agreeing with an understood feminine plural subject (likely ἐλαίαι) of the participial phrase; the exact attachment of ἀγριελαίους is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατιοῦσι | κάτειμι | VERB | V- P art pres act dat pl | Case=Dat|Mood=Part|Number=Pl|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 χωρίον | advcl | medium | Dative plural present participle, agreeing with an understood traveler/group; spelling reflects κατειοῦσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 1 κατιοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 πόλιν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D- GPl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Pl | 5 Ἐπιδαυρίων | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐπιδαυρίων | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | A- GPl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Pl | 7 πόλιν | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally: 'of the Epidaurians'. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | D- AccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 7 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N- AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κατιοῦσι | obl | high | Object/location complement of ἐς. |
| 8 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N- NomSgNeut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Existential subject, 'a place/spot'. |
| 9 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V- PresActInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb. |
| 10 | πεφυκυίας | φύω | VERB | V- PerfActPtcpAccFemPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Pl|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 12 ἔχον | amod | low | Accusative feminine plural perfect participle; likely modifies an understood feminine noun, with the following phrase describing the spot. |
| 11 | ἀγριελαίους | ἀγριέλαιος | ADJ | A- AccPlFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Pl | 10 πεφυκυίας | obj | medium | Accusative feminine plural adjective used substantivally or modifying an omitted feminine noun, 'wild olive trees'. |
| 12 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | V- PresActPtcpNomAccNeutSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 χωρίον | acl | high | Agrees with χωρίον and describes what the spot has. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
Ὑρνήθιον δὲ καλοῦσι τὸ χωρίον.
Καλοῦσι takes a double-accusative naming construction: the place name Ὑρνήθιον and τὸ χωρίον are coordinated/object-like complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὑρνήθιον | Ὑρνήθιον | PROPN | NeutNomAccSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 καλοῦσι | obj | high | Place name functioning as the accusative object of καλοῦσι; form is syncretic nominative/accusative singular neuter. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 καλοῦσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καλοῦσι | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb meaning ‘they call/name’. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 χωρίον | det | high | Article agreeing with χωρίον. |
| 5 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 καλοῦσι | obj | high | Accusative object, in the naming construction alongside the place name. |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 καλοῦσι | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτό, ὡς Ἐπιδαύριοί τε λέγουσι καὶ εἰκὸς ἔχει, γράψω.
τὰ ἐς αὐτό is the topicalized object of γράψω; ὡς introduces an intervening parenthetical clause, with Ἐπιδαύριοι as subject of λέγουσι and εἰκός ἔχει as an impersonal idiom. The attachment of εἰκός is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | article-acc-neut-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 γράψω | obj | high | Substantivized article/pronominal neuter plural, object of γράψω. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | part | Polarity=Pos | 14 γράψω | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep-acc | _ | 4 αὐτό | case | high | Variant of εἰς, governing αὐτό. |
| 4 | αὐτό | αὐτός | PRON | pron-acc-neut-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 γράψω | obl | high | Neuter singular pronoun with ἐς, referring to the subject/topic under discussion. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 14 γράψω | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | conj | _ | 9 λέγουσι | mark | medium | Introduces the parenthetical/content clause; could also be treated as a discourse-level parenthetical marker. |
| 7 | Ἐπιδαύριοί | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | noun-nom-masc-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 9 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally as the subject of λέγουσι. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | part | _ | 9 λέγουσι | cc | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 9 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 γράψω | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical finite verb; coordinated/parenthetically inserted before the main predicate. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 12 ἔχει | cc | medium | Coordinates the impersonal phrase with the preceding λέγουσι clause in the ὡς parenthesis. |
| 11 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | adj-nomacc-neut-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχει | nsubj | medium | Neuter impersonal adjective, conventionally ‘it is likely/appropriate’; exact construction is elliptical. |
| 12 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 λέγουσι | conj | medium | Impersonal expression εἰκὸς ἔχει; coordinated with λέγουσι inside the parenthesis. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 14 γράψω | punct | high | |
| 14 | γράψω | γράφω | VERB | v1sifa--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, first-person future indicative. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | punct | _ | 14 γράψω | punct | high |
Κεῖσος καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ Τημένου παῖδες μάλιστα ᾔδεσαν Δηιφόντην λυπήσοντες, εἰ διαλῦσαί πως ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ τὴν Ὑρνηθὼ δυνηθεῖεν.
Main predicate ᾔδεσαν governs the supplementary/final participle λυπήσοντες with accusative Δηιφόντην; εἰ introduces a conditional clause in which διαλῦσαι is an infinitive dependent on δυνηθεῖεν, with Ὑρνηθώ as its object and ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ expressing separation. The form ᾔδεσαν is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; here it is taken as a past-tense finite verb meaning ‘they knew/understood’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κεῖσος | Κεῖσος | PROPN | Neom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖδες | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 6 παῖδες | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λοιποὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | λοιποὶ | λοιπός | ADJ | A--NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παῖδες | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the remaining [sons]’. |
| 5 | Τημένου | Τήμενος | PROPN | Neog | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖδες | nmod | high | |
| 6 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N---NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ᾔδεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 8 ᾔδεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ᾔδεσαν | οἶδα | VERB | V-3I??P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form is ambiguous in surface morphology; parsed here as 3rd-plural finite past indicative of οἶδα, with imperfect-like spelling. |
| 9 | Δηιφόντην | Δηιφόντης | PROPN | Neom | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λυπήσοντες | obj | high | |
| 10 | λυπήσοντες | λυπέω | VERB | V--PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ᾔδεσαν | advcl | medium | Present participle; temporal/means or supplementary relation to ᾔδεσαν is syntactically somewhat flexible. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ᾔδεσαν | punct | high | |
| 12 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 δυνηθεῖεν | mark | high | |
| 13 | διαλῦσαί | διαλύω | VERB | V--AAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 δυνηθεῖεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on δυνηθεῖεν. |
| 14 | πως | πως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 διαλῦσαί | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 16 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P----GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 διαλῦσαί | obl | high | Refers to Δηιφόντης. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P---AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ὑρνηθὼ | det | high | |
| 18 | Ὑρνηθὼ | Ὑρνηθώ | PROPN | Neof | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 διαλῦσαί | obj | high | |
| 19 | δυνηθεῖεν | δύναμαι | VERB | V-3OAO-P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 10 λυπήσοντες | advcl | high | Aorist passive-form optative of δύναμαι, functioning as the conditional-clause predicate. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ᾔδεσαν | punct | high |
ἀφίκοντο οὖν ἐς Ἐπίδαυρον Κερύνης καὶ Φάλκης·
Two coordinated genitive personal names depend on the understood/elliptical subject of ἀφίκοντο; the destination is expressed by ἐς plus accusative Ἐπίδαυρον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκοντο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-3AIA-Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἀφίκοντο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ἐπίδαυρον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | Ἐπίδαυρον | Ἐπίδαυρος | PROPN | Ne-Acc-Sf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκοντο | obl | high | |
| 5 | Κερύνης | Κερύνης | PROPN | Ne-Gen-Sm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκοντο | nsubj | medium | Genitive coordinated personal name; syntactic construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Κερύνης | cc | high | |
| 7 | Φάλκης | Φάλκης | PROPN | Ne-Gen-Sm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κερύνης | conj | medium | Genitive coordinated personal name; syntactic construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκοντο | punct | high |
Ἀγραίῳ γὰρ τῷ νεωτάτῳ τὰ ποιούμενα οὐκ ἤρεσκεν.
Ἀγραίῳ is a dative experiencer with ἤρεσκεν; τὰ ποιούμενα is a neuter plural substantival participial subject, literally ‘the things being done.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀγραίῳ | Ἀγραῖος | PROPN | A- -DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἤρεσκεν | iobj | high | Dative experiencer with ἀρέσκω. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἤρεσκεν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S- -D--N- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 νεωτάτῳ | det | high | Article agreeing with νεωτάτῳ. |
| 4 | νεωτάτῳ | νέος | ADJ | A-S-DN- | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἤρεσκεν | obl | high | Substantival or appositional dative identifying Ἀγραῖος; agreement is neuter in the transmitted form, likely elliptical/lexicalized. Analysis uncertain. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S-PNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ποιούμενα | det | high | |
| 6 | ποιούμενα | ποιέω | VERB | V3PPMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 ἤρεσκεν | nsubj | high | Substantival neuter plural present middle/passive participle. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 ἤρεσκεν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἤρεσκεν | ἀρέσκω | VERB | V3IIIA- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active, 3rd singular. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἤρεσκεν | punct | high |
οὗτοι δὲ στήσαντες τὸ ἅρμα ὑπὸ τὸ τεῖχος κήρυκα ἀποστέλλουσι παρὰ τὴν ἀδελφήν, ἐλθεῖν δῆθεν ἐς λόγους αὐτῇ βουλόμενοι.
The infinitive ἐλθεῖν is an indirect-speech/content infinitive dependent on ἀποστέλλουσι, with δῆθεν marking the purported (and likely ironic) intention; βουλόμενοι is a nominative participle agreeing with οὗτοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | RD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | στήσαντες | ἵστημι | VERB | VAAP-PAM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 στήσαντες | obj | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 τεῖχος | case | high | With accusative expressing location/direction beneath. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 8 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 στήσαντες | obl | high | |
| 9 | κήρυκα | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἀποστέλλουσι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 ἀδελφήν | case | high | With accusative, indicating destination/person addressed. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἀδελφήν | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀδελφήν | ἀδελφή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | obl | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | xcomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive content of the herald's message. |
| 16 | δῆθεν | δῆθεν | PART | PART | _ | 15 ἐλθεῖν | advmod | medium | Ironic/hearsay particle modifying the purported purpose. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 λόγους | case | high | |
| 18 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Motion into conversation; infinitival purpose/content. |
| 19 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | RP-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 λόγους | iobj | high | Dative participant in conversation. |
| 20 | βουλόμενοι | βούλομαι | VERB | VPMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐλθεῖν | advcl | high | Participial expression of the ostensible intention, coreferential with οὗτοι. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀποστέλλουσι | punct | high |