Grammar parses for passage 2.28.5
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τὴν μὲν οὐδὲν ἔτι ἀποκρινάμενοι συλλαμβάνουσιν, ἀναθέντες δὲ ἐς τὸ ἅρμα ἀπήλαυνον·
Two coordinated finite verbs share an implicit third-plural subject: they seize her/them after no further answer and then drive away; the two participles express preceding actions.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 συλλαμβάνουσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποκρινάμενοι | det | high | Article with substantivized feminine participle. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 συλλαμβάνουσιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; the corresponding δέ is in token 10. |
| 4 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποκρινάμενοι | obj | medium | Accusative neuter used adverbially with ἀποκρινάμενοι, ‘nothing/not at all’. |
| 5 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἀποκρινάμενοι | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἀποκρινάμενοι | ἀποκρίνομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 συλλαμβάνουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, ‘having answered’; coordinated/subordinate to συλλαμβάνουσιν. |
| 7 | συλλαμβάνουσιν | συλλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συλλαμβάνουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀναθέντες | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἀπήλαυνον | advcl | high | Aorist active participle expressing prior action. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἀπήλαυνον | cc | high | Correlative contrast to μέν in token 3. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 13 ἅρμα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς; governs accusative. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναθέντες | obl | high | Goal/location complement of ἀναθέντες with ἐς. |
| 14 | ἀπήλαυνον | ἀπελαύνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 συλλαμβάνουσιν | conj | high | Imperfect coordinated finite verb; subject is shared with συλλαμβάνουσιν. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συλλαμβάνουσιν | punct | high |
Δηιφόντῃ δὲ ἀγγέλλει τις τῶν Ἐπιδαυρίων ὡς Κερύνης καὶ Φάλκης ἄγοντες οἴχοιντο ἄκουσαν Ὑρνηθώ.
Reported clause after ὡς; the sequence ἄγοντες οἴχοιντο ἄκουσαν is syntactically compressed, so attachments and the exact parsing of οἴχοιντο are partly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δηιφόντῃ | Δηιφόντης | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀγγέλλει | iobj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἀγγέλλει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀγγέλλει | ἀγγέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | τις | τις | PRON | X-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 3 ἀγγέλλει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Ἐπιδαυρίων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἐπιδαυρίων | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 τις | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἀγγέλλει | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 8 | Κερύνης | Κερύνης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγοντες | nsubj | medium | Proper name; nominative subject of ἄγοντες. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 Φάλκης | cc | high | |
| 10 | Φάλκης | Φάλκης | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἄγοντες | conj | medium | Proper name coordinated with Κερύνης. |
| 11 | ἄγοντες | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 οἴχοιντο | advcl | medium | Participial clause; syntax of its relation to οἴχοιντο is somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | οἴχοιντο | οἴχομαι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀγγέλλει | ccomp | medium | Epic/contracted form and voice analysis are uncertain; finite verb of reported content. |
| 13 | ἄκουσαν | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 οἴχοιντο | ccomp | medium | Finite verb coordinated or sequential within reported content; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 14 | Ὑρνηθώ | Ὑρνηθώ | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἄκουσαν | obj | high | |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀγγέλλει | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ αὐτός τε ὡς τάχους εἶχεν ἤμυνε καὶ οἱ Ἐπιδαύριοι πυνθανόμενοι προσεβοήθουν.
The sentence coordinates ἤμυνε with προσεβοήθουν; ὡς τάχους εἶχεν is best treated as a subordinate circumstantial clause, while πυνθανόμενοι is a nominative participle modifying the Epidau rians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 αὐτός | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἤμυνε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-Dem-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἤμυνε | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, ‘he himself’. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 αὐτός | cc | medium | Correlative/additive τε, linking αὐτός with the later subject. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 εἶχεν | mark | medium | Introduces the idiomatic temporal/manner clause with τάχους εἶχεν. |
| 6 | τάχους | τάχος | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 εἶχεν | obl | medium | Genitive of manner/quality in τάχους ἔχω, ‘was as swift as possible’. |
| 7 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἤμυνε | advcl | medium | Imperfect subordinate verb in the ὡς-clause. |
| 8 | ἤμυνε | ἀμύνω | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 προσεβοήθουν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἐπιδαύριοι | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἐπιδαύριοι | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | A-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 13 προσεβοήθουν | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 12 | πυνθανόμενοι | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-Pres-MedPart-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 13 προσεβοήθουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, ‘learning/hearing’. |
| 13 | προσεβοήθουν | προσεπεβοήθεω | VERB | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἤμυνε | conj | medium | Coordinated imperfect; orthographic form reflects the compound verb προσεπιβοηθέω/προσεβοηθέω, with lexical parsing uncertain. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἤμυνε | punct | high |
Δηιφόντης δὲ Κερύνην μὲν ὡς κατελάμβανεν ἀναιρεῖ βαλών, Φάλκην δὲ ἐχόμενον Ὑρνηθοῦς βαλεῖν μὲν ἔδεισε, μὴ ἁμαρτὼν γένοιτο αὐτῆς ἐκείνης φονεύς, συμπλακεὶς δὲ ἐπειρᾶτο ἀφαιρεῖσθαι.
Complex coordination and participial constructions: Κερύνην is the object of ἀναιρεῖ, while Φάλκην is object of the attempted seizure; Ὑρνηθοῦς is a genitive dependent on ἐχόμενον. The μὴ clause is complementary to ἔδεισε, with γένοιτο optative in a potential/embedded fear construction; φονεύς is predicate nominative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δηιφόντης | Δηιφόντης | PROPN | Ne-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | Κερύνην | Κερύνη | PROPN | Ne-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | obj | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 Κερύνην | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν with later δέ. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 6 κατελάμβανεν | mark | medium | Temporal/as soon as; clause modifies κατελάμβανεν. |
| 6 | κατελάμβανεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | advcl | high | |
| 7 | ἀναιρεῖ | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical present. |
| 8 | βαλών | βάλλω | VERB | V-P-A-Nsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | advcl | high | Aorist participle, probably means killing by throwing/striking. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | punct | high | |
| 10 | Φάλκην | Φάλκης | PROPN | Ne-S---Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | obj | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | cc | high | Correlative with token 4 μὲν. |
| 12 | ἐχόμενον | ἔχω | VERB | V-P-Pasm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 Φάλκην | acl | medium | Participial form, likely ‘holding/clinging to’; passive morphology is uncertain in this context. |
| 13 | Ὑρνηθοῦς | Ὑρνηθώ | PROPN | Ne-S---Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐχόμενον | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἐχόμενον. |
| 14 | βαλεῖν | βάλλω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἔδεισε | xcomp | high | |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 βαλεῖν | discourse | high | Sets up contrast with δὲ at token 26. |
| 16 | ἔδεισε | δείδω | VERB | V3SAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | parataxis | high | Aorist of δείδω; governs infinitive and μὴ clause. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔδεισε | punct | high | |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | T-------- | _ | 20 γένοιτο | advmod | high | Negative particle introducing feared contingency. |
| 19 | ἁμαρτὼν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-A-Psm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 γένοιτο | advcl | high | Concessive/conditional sense: having missed. |
| 20 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3S-DO | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 ἔδεισε | ccomp | high | Optative in feared/embedded potential construction. |
| 21 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S3GF---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 23 φονεύς | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 22 | ἐκείνης | ἐκεῖνος | DET | PD-SGF---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 αὐτῆς | det | high | Emphatic demonstrative modifying αὐτῆς. |
| 23 | φονεύς | φονεύς | NOUN | N-S---Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 γένοιτο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γένοιτο. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | punct | high | |
| 25 | συμπλακεὶς | συμπλέκω | VERB | V-A-Psm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, ‘having grappled’; may be construed as attendant circumstance. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | cc | high | Contrasts with the feared attempt at throwing. |
| 27 | ἐπειρᾶτο | πειράομαι | VERB | V3SAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | conj | high | Imperfect middle: attempted. |
| 28 | ἀφαιρεῖσθαι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 27 ἐπειρᾶτο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀναιρεῖ | punct | high |
Φάλκης δὲ ἀντεχόμενος καὶ ἕλκων βιαιότερον ἀπέκτεινεν ἔχουσαν ἐν γαστρί.
Φάλκης is the subject of ἀπέκτεινεν; ἀντεχόμενος and ἕλκων are coordinated participles modifying him. ἔχουσαν is the feminine object of the verb, with ἐν γαστρί expressing pregnancy (‘having [a child] in the womb’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φάλκης | Φάλκης | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέκτεινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀπέκτεινεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀντεχόμενος | ἀντέχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 ἀπέκτεινεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated with ἕλκων. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἕλκων | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἕλκων | ἕλκω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἀντεχόμενος | conj | high | Coordinated participle. |
| 6 | βιαιότερον | βίαιος | ADV | A----ASM- | Degree=Cmp | 5 ἕλκων | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb modifying ἕλκων; form is homographic with neuter accusative adjective. |
| 7 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative. |
| 8 | ἔχουσαν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Feminine accusative participle functioning substantivally as the object. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 γαστρί | case | high | |
| 10 | γαστρί | γαστήρ | NOUN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχουσαν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high |