Grammar parses for passage 2.29.6
Open translation for this passage
προσπλεῦσαι δὲ Αἴγινά ἐστι νήσων τῶν Ἑλληνίδων ἀπορωτάτη·
Infinitival subject προσπλεῦσαι is construed with ἐστι; Αἴγινα is the destination/subject-like accusative, while ἀπορωτάτη is the predicate adjective agreeing with the implicit island subject; the superlative means 'most difficult to reach.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσπλεῦσαι | προσπλέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Articular-less aorist active infinitive functioning as the clause subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | Αἴγινά | Αἴγινα | PROPN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 προσπλεῦσαι | obj | medium | Accusative destination/object of προσπλεῦσαι; form is homonymous with nominative plural/accusative singular patterns, but context favors accusative singular. |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/impersonal present indicative; governs infinitival subject and predicate adjective. |
| 5 | νήσων | νῆσος | NOUN | N-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπορωτάτη | obl | medium | Partitive genitive dependent on the superlative adjective: 'of the islands'. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 νήσων | det | high | Article agreeing with νήσων. |
| 7 | Ἑλληνίδων | Ἑλληνίς | ADJ | A-GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 νήσων | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of νήσων, 'Greek'. |
| 8 | ἀπορωτάτη | ἄπορος | ADJ | A-SNF-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate superlative adjective, agreeing with the implicit feminine subject Αἴγινα/its infinitival proposition. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high |
πέτραι τε γὰρ ὕφαλοι περὶ πᾶσαν καὶ χοιράδες ἀνεστήκασι.
The coordinated nominative subjects πέτραι and χοιράδες govern ἀνεστήκασι; περὶ πᾶσαν is an elliptical prepositional phrase with a substantivized feminine πᾶσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πέτραι | πέτρα | NOUN | Noun-NomPlFem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνεστήκασι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 πέτραι | cc | high | Correlative/enclitic conjunction. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Part | _ | 9 ἀνεστήκασι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὕφαλοι | ὕφαλος | ADJ | Adj-NomPlFem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 πέτραι | amod | high | Adjective agrees with πέτραι. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 6 πᾶσαν | case | high | Takes the accusative πᾶσαν. |
| 6 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | Adj-AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνεστήκασι | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine accusative; περὶ πᾶσαν means 'around the whole [island/area]'. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 χοιράδες | cc | high | |
| 8 | χοιράδες | χοιράς | NOUN | Noun-NomPlFem | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνεστήκασι | conj | high | Coordinated subject with πέτραι. |
| 9 | ἀνεστήκασι | ἀνίστημι | VERB | Verb-Ind-Pf-Act-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with stative/resultative sense: 'stand/rise up'. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀνεστήκασι | punct | high |
μηχανήσασθαι δὲ ἐξεπίτηδες ταῦτα Αἰακόν φασι λῃστειῶν τῶν ἐκ θαλάσσης φόβῳ, καὶ πολεμίοις ἀνδράσι μὴ ἄνευ κινδύνου εἶναι.
Infinitival construction governed by φασι: Αἰακόν is the accusative subject of μηχανήσασθαι and εἶναι; ταῦτα is the object of μηχανήσασθαι. The final phrase expresses that being hostile men is not without danger; the attachment of πολεμίοις is somewhat elliptical/uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μηχανήσασθαι | μηχανάομαι | VERB | V- Aor Mid Inf | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 φασι | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, subject accusative Αἰακόν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 φασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐξεπίτηδες | ἐξεπίτηδες | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 μηχανήσασθαι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning deliberately/on purpose. |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-P Acc Pl Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Pl|PronType=Dem | 1 μηχανήσασθαι | obj | high | Demonstrative accusative object. |
| 5 | Αἰακόν | Αἰακός | PROPN | N- Acc Sg Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μηχανήσασθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival clause. |
| 6 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V- Pres Act Ind 3 Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | λῃστειῶν | λῃστεία | NOUN | N- Gen Pl Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 φόβῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φόβῳ, fear of piracy. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art- Gen Pl Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 λῃστειῶν | det | high | Article with λῃστειῶν. |
| 9 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 10 θαλάσσης | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσης. |
| 10 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N- Gen Sg Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λῃστειῶν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ within the modifier of λῃστειῶν. |
| 11 | φόβῳ | φόβος | NOUN | N- Dat Sg Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μηχανήσασθαι | obl | medium | Dative of cause/motive: through fear of piracy. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 1 μηχανήσασθαι | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 εἶναι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival complement. |
| 14 | πολεμίοις | πολέμιος | ADJ | A- Dat Pl Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀνδράσι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἀνδράσι. |
| 15 | ἀνδράσι | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N- Dat Pl Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 εἶναι | obl | medium | Dative of relation or circumstance with εἶναι: to/for hostile men. |
| 16 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 19 εἶναι | advmod | high | Infinitival negator. |
| 17 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 κινδύνου | case | high | Preposition governing κινδύνου. |
| 18 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N- Gen Sg Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 εἶναι | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἄνευ. |
| 19 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V- Pres Act Inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 φασι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive under φασι; understood subject Αἰακόν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 6 φασι | punct | high |
πλησίον δὲ τοῦ λιμένος ἐν ᾧ μάλιστα ὁρμίζονται ναός ἐστιν Ἀφροδίτης, ἐν ἐπιφανεστάτῳ δὲ τῆς πόλεως τὸ Αἰάκειον καλούμενον, περίβολος τετράγωνος λευκοῦ λίθου.
The sentence has an initial existential clause with a relative locative clause, followed by an elliptical second locative clause; Αἰάκειον καλούμενον and περίβολος are coordinated nominal descriptions, with περίβολος functioning appositionally.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 λιμένος | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ναός | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 λιμένος | det | high | |
| 4 | λιμένος | λιμήν | NOUN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | obl | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ᾧ | case | high | |
| 6 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | R- DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὁρμίζονται | obl | high | Relative pronoun refers to λιμένος; locative with ἐν. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 8 ὁρμίζονται | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ὁρμίζονται | ὁρμίζω | VERB | V- PPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 6 ᾧ | acl:relcl | medium | Passive/middle-form verb, ‘are moored’; relative clause predicate. |
| 9 | ναός | ναός | NOUN | N- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V- PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Ἀφροδίτης | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ναός | nmod | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἐπιφανεστάτῳ | case | high | |
| 14 | ἐπιφανεστάτῳ | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A- DSM-S | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 περίβολος | obl | medium | Substantivized/elliptical locative superlative, likely ‘the most conspicuous part/place’. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 περίβολος | cc | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 17 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπιφανεστάτῳ | nmod | high | |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T- NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 Αἰάκειον | det | high | |
| 19 | Αἰάκειον | Αἰάκειον | PROPN | N- NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 περίβολος | nsubj | high | Neuter place-name, subject of the verbless second clause. |
| 20 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V- PPP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 Αἰάκειον | acl | high | Adjectival passive participle: ‘called the Aiakeion’. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 περίβολος | punct | high | |
| 22 | περίβολος | περίβολος | NOUN | N- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Nominal apposition/second predicate after the comma; agreement is masculine, while Αἰάκειον is neuter name. |
| 23 | τετράγωνος | τετράγωνος | ADJ | A- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 περίβολος | amod | high | |
| 24 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 λίθου | amod | high | |
| 25 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 περίβολος | nmod | high | Material genitive: ‘of white stone’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high |