Grammar parses for passage 2.3.4
Open translation for this passage
αὖθις δʼ ἰοῦσιν ἐπὶ Λεχαίου τὴν εὐθεῖαν χαλκοῦς καθήμενός ἐστιν Ἑρμῆς, παρέστηκε δέ οἱ κριός, ὅτι Ἑρμῆς μάλιστα δοκεῖ θεῶν ἐφορᾶν καὶ αὔξειν ποίμνας, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἐποίησεν υἱὸν Φόρβαντος πολυμήλου, τόν ῥα μάλιστα Ἑρμείας Τρώων ἐφίλει καὶ κτῆσιν ὄπασσε· Hom. Il. 14.490
The sentence has coordinated descriptive clauses: Hermes is seated in bronze, with a ram beside him; ὅτι introduces the explanatory reason. The Homeric quotation is syntactically integrated, though the relative accusative τόν resumes the son as object of ἐφίλει and κτῆσιν is object of ὄπασσε. Tokens 49–56 reproduce a citation string and are treated as citation material with conservative analyses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | Adverb | _ | 3 ἰοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἰοῦσιν | cc | high | Elided form. |
| 3 | ἰοῦσιν | εἶμι | VERB | V- Pקט? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present active participle, dative plural masculine; its understood subject is the travelers/visitors. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | AdpType=Prep | 5 Λεχαίου | case | high | |
| 5 | Λεχαίου | Λέχαιον | PROPN | N- Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Place name in the genitive after ἐπί. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εὐθεῖαν | det | high | |
| 7 | εὐθεῖαν | εὐθεῖα | NOUN | N- Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἰοῦσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the straight road’; object/path adjunct with ἰοῦσιν. |
| 8 | χαλκοῦς | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A- Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἑρμῆς | amod | high | Predicative adjective modifying Ἑρμῆς. |
| 9 | καθήμενός | κάθημαι | VERB | V- Part | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 Ἑρμῆς | acl | high | Predicative participle with εἰμί. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V- Pres Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 Ἑρμῆς | cop | high | |
| 11 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N- Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἰοῦσιν | conj | high | Subject of the copular clause; coordinated with the following clause headed by παρέστηκε. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 11 Ἑρμῆς | punct | high | |
| 13 | παρέστηκε | παρίστημι | VERB | V- Perf Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 Ἑρμῆς | conj | high | Perfect with stative/resultative sense, ‘stands beside/is present’. |
| 14 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 παρέστηκε | cc | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P- Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 παρέστηκε | iobj | high | Dative of accompaniment/possession, referring to Hermes. |
| 16 | κριός | κριός | NOUN | N- Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρέστηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 13 παρέστηκε | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 παρέστηκε | mark | high | Causal clause explaining the ram's association with Hermes. |
| 19 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N- Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 δοκεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Adv | Degree=Sup | 21 δοκεῖ | advmod | high | |
| 21 | δοκεῖ | δοκέω | VERB | V- Pres Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 παρέστηκε | advcl | high | Takes coordinated infinitival complements ἐφορᾶν and αὔξειν. |
| 22 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N- Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐφορᾶν | obl | high | Partitive genitive with μάλιστα. |
| 23 | ἐφορᾶν | ἐφοράω | VERB | V- Pres Inf Act | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 δοκεῖ | xcomp | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 25 αὔξειν | cc | high | |
| 25 | αὔξειν | αὐξάνω | VERB | V- Pres Inf Act | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 23 ἐφορᾶν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; shares understood subject with ἐφορᾶν. |
| 26 | ποίμνας | ποίμνη | NOUN | N- Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 αὔξειν | obj | high | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 21 δοκεῖ | punct | high | |
| 28 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | mark | medium | Comparative/relative conjunction, ‘just as’. |
| 29 | δὴ | δή | PART | Part | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | ADV | Adv | _ | 31 Ὅμηρος | advmod | high | ‘Also/even’ with Ὅμηρος. |
| 31 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N- Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | AdpType=Prep | 33 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 33 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N- Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Title of the work in the dative after ἐν. |
| 34 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V- Aor Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 παρέστηκε | advcl | high | Exemplifying clause introduced by καθά. |
| 35 | υἱὸν | υἱός | NOUN | N- Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐποίησεν, with genitive modifiers. |
| 36 | Φόρβαντος | Φόρβας | PROPN | N- Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 υἱὸν | nmod | high | |
| 37 | πολυμήλου | πολύμηλος | ADJ | A- Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 Φόρβαντος | amod | medium | Genitive adjective agreeing with Φόρβαντος, ‘rich in flocks’; attachment to υἱόν is also possible. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 39 | τόν | ὁ | PRON | Art-Pron Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 44 ἐφίλει | obj | high | Relative pronoun, resumptive of υἱόν. |
| 40 | ῥα | ἄρα | PART | Part | _ | 44 ἐφίλει | discourse | high | Epic particle. |
| 41 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Adv | Degree=Sup | 44 ἐφίλει | advmod | high | |
| 42 | Ἑρμείας | Ἑρμείας | PROPN | N- Nom | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 ἐφίλει | nsubj | high | Epic form/name for Hermes. |
| 43 | Τρώων | Τρώς | PROPN | N- Gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 ἐφίλει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἑρμείας, ‘of the Trojans’. |
| 44 | ἐφίλει | φιλέω | VERB | V- Impf Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 34 ἐποίησεν | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying υἱόν. |
| 45 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 47 ὄπασσε | cc | high | |
| 46 | κτῆσιν | κτῆσις | NOUN | N- Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 ὄπασσε | obj | high | |
| 47 | ὄπασσε | ὀπάζω | VERB | V- Aor Ind Act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 44 ἐφίλει | conj | high | Epic aorist; coordinated with ἐφίλει and sharing its subject. |
| 48 | · | · | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 3 ἰοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 49 | H | H | X | X | _ | 48 · | flat | low | Citation string; not Greek syntax. |
| 50 | o | o | X | X | _ | 49 H | flat | low | Citation string; not Greek syntax. |
| 51 | m | m | X | X | _ | 50 o | flat | low | Citation string; not Greek syntax. |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 49 H | punct | high | Part of citation string. |
| 53 | I | I | X | X | _ | 48 · | flat | low | Citation string; not Greek syntax. |
| 54 | l | l | X | X | _ | 53 I | flat | low | Citation string; not Greek syntax. |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 53 I | punct | high | Part of citation string. |
| 56 | 14.490 | 14.490 | SYM | NumRef | _ | 48 · | flat | high | Citation reference. |
μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ Ποσειδῶν καὶ Λευκοθέα καὶ ἐπὶ δελφῖνός ἐστιν ὁ Παλαίμων.
The sentence coordinates two nominative subjects, Ποσειδῶν and Λευκοθέα, with the predicate construction ἐστὶν ὁ Παλαίμων; μετὰ governs the accusative phrase τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ, while ἐπί with genitive describes Palaemon as being on a dolphin. Ποσειδῶν is semantically coordinated with Λευκοθέα but its exact relation to the copular clause is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἄγαλμα | case | high | Governs the accusative noun phrase τὸ ἄγαλμα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Accusative form expected with μετά; token is morphologically ambiguous in isolation because nominative and accusative neuter singular coincide. |
| 4 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of μετά, functioning as a temporal/spatial adverbial phrase. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἑρμοῦ | det | high | Determiner of Ἑρμοῦ. |
| 6 | Ἑρμοῦ | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: the statue of Hermes. |
| 7 | Ποσειδῶν | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominative subject; the clause is elliptical/semantically compressed. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Λευκοθέα | cc | high | Coordinates Λευκοθέα with Ποσειδῶν. |
| 9 | Λευκοθέα | Λευκοθέα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominative subject. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the preceding subject phrase with the predicate assertion. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 12 δελφῖνός | case | high | Governs the genitive δελφῖνός. |
| 12 | δελφῖνός | δελφῖς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Παλαίμων | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί, indicating position on a dolphin. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Παλαίμων | det | high | Determiner of Παλαίμων. |
| 15 | Παλαίμων | Παλαίμων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Definite nominative subject of the copular clause. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | punct | high |