Grammar parses for passage 2.3.5
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ὀνομαστότατον αὐτῶν πλησίον τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος.
Nominal sentence with omitted copula: τὸ ὀνομαστότατον αὐτῶν is the subject/topic, and πλησίον τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος is the predicate of location; δέ is connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὀνομαστότατον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ὀνομαστότατον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὀνομαστότατον | ὀνομαστός | ADJ | A-NSNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Substantivized superlative; copula is omitted. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 3 ὀνομαστότατον | nmod | medium | Genitive of possession/association; gender is formally ambiguous in the isolated form. |
| 5 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ὀνομαστότατον | advmod | high | Locative predicate adverb, with τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος as its complement. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ποσειδῶνος | det | high | |
| 7 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδών | PROPN | Nb-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πλησίον | obl | high | Genitive complement of πλησίον. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὀνομαστότατον | punct | high |
τοῦτο δὲ Εὐρυκλῆς ἐποίησεν ἀνὴρ Σπαρτιάτης λίθοις κοσμήσας καὶ ἄλλοις καὶ ὃν ἐν Κροκεαῖς χώρας τῆς Λακωνικῆς ὀρύσσουσιν.
The relative clause ὃν ... ὀρύσσουσιν modifies λίθον understood from λίθοις; ὃν is accusative masculine singular, while χώρας is a genitive of the material/stone designation (with τῆς Λακωνικῆς agreeing).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 4 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Εὐρυκλῆς | Εὐρυκλῆς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 4 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Εὐρυκλῆς | appos | high | Appositional description of Εὐρυκλῆς. |
| 6 | Σπαρτιάτης | Σπαρτιάτης | ADJ | A-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνὴρ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively. |
| 7 | λίθοις | λίθος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κοσμήσας | obl | high | Dative of material/instrument with κοσμήσας. |
| 8 | κοσμήσας | κοσμέω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐποίησεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the subject. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 κοσμήσας | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λίθοις | conj | high | Coordinated with λίθοις; substantival/elliptical. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἄλλοις | cc | high | Coordinates the second material phrase. |
| 12 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 18 ὀρύσσουσιν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun; antecedent is an understood singular λίθος, despite preceding plural λίθοις. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 14 Κροκεαῖς | case | high | |
| 14 | Κροκεαῖς | Κροκεαί | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ὀρύσσουσιν | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 15 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὃν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the understood/elliptical stone designation, likely χώρας as part of the quarry locality expression. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GFS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Λακωνικῆς | det | high | |
| 17 | Λακωνικῆς | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 χώρας | amod | high | Agrees with χώρας. |
| 18 | ὀρύσσουσιν | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ὃν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |
κρῆναι δὲ πολλαὶ μὲν ἀνὰ τὴν πόλιν πεποίηνται πᾶσαν ἅτε ἀφθόνου ῥέοντός σφισιν ὕδατος καὶ ὃ δὴ βασιλεὺς Ἀδριανὸς ἐσήγαγεν ἐκ Στυμφήλου,
The sentence has an elided/continuative construction: κρῆναι is the subject of πεποίηνται, while ὃ ... ἐσήγαγεν supplies a relative clause modifying ὕδατος (or the understood fountain/water supply); ἅτε introduces a causal participial/genitival construction. The form πεποίηνται is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; here it is taken as perfect middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κρῆναι | κρήνη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 πεποίηνται | nsubj | high | Accusative plural subject of an impersonal/passive construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 8 πεποίηνται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πολλαὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 κρῆναι | amod | high | Predicative/subject-oriented adjective agreeing with κρῆναι. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 8 πεποίηνται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating καί. |
| 5 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R- | _ | 7 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν πόλιν. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 7 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηνται | obl | high | Spatial oblique with ἀνά. |
| 8 | πεποίηνται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Parsed as perfect middle/passive indicative 3rd plural; exact voice and aspect interpretation are context-sensitive. |
| 9 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλιν | amod | high | Agrees with πόλιν. |
| 10 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G- | _ | 12 ῥέοντός | mark | high | Causal/concessive subordinating particle introducing the participial phrase. |
| 11 | ἀφθόνου | ἄφθονος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ὕδατος | amod | medium | Genitive agreeing with ὕδατος; form is syncretic for masculine/feminine/neuter. |
| 12 | ῥέοντός | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAP-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ὕδατος | acl | high | Genitive participle in a genitive absolute-like phrase. |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 12 ῥέοντός | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession with ῥέοντος. |
| 14 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηνται | obl | high | Genitive dependent on the participial phrase, or descriptive genitive with the fountains. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G- | _ | 20 ἐσήγαγεν | cc | high | Coordinates the following relative-clause assertion with the preceding description. |
| 16 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | RR-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσήγαγεν | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun, probably referring to ὕδωρ/ὕδατος; nominative neuter subject of ἐσήγαγεν. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | G- | _ | 20 ἐσήγαγεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσήγαγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσήγαγεν. |
| 19 | Ἀδριανὸς | Ἁδριανός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 βασιλεὺς | appos | high | Personal-name apposition to βασιλεύς. |
| 20 | ἐσήγαγεν | εἰσάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 πεποίηνται | conj | high | Finite verb of the coordinated relative-clause assertion. |
| 21 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 22 Στυμφήλου | case | high | Preposition governing Στυμφήλου. |
| 22 | Στυμφήλου | Στύμφηλος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐσήγαγεν | obl | high | Place name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηνται | punct | high |