Grammar parses for passage 2.3.7
Open translation for this passage
ἅτε δὲ τοῦ θανάτου βιαίου καὶ οὐ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ γενομένου, τὰ τέκνα Κορινθίων τὰ νήπια ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἐφθείρετο, πρὶν ἢ χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ θυσίαι τε αὐτοῖς ἐπέτειοι κατέστησαν καὶ Δεῖμα ἐπεστάθη.
The opening ἅτε-clause is a genitive absolute, with θανάτου modified by βιαίου and coordinated with the participle γενομένου; the main clause has a delayed plural subject (θυσίαι ... ἐπέτειοι) and the intervening ἐφθείρετο is singular, agreeing with τὰ νήπια as a collective or reflecting textual/syntactic irregularity. πρὶν ἢ introduces a temporal clause with genitive absolute χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 γενομένου | mark | high | Concessive/causal subordinator introducing the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 γενομένου | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 θανάτου | det | high | |
| 4 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 γενομένου | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 5 | βιαίου | βίαιος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 θανάτου | amod | high | Agrees with θανάτου. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 δικαίῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate complement. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 δικαίῳ | advmod | high | |
| 8 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 δικαίῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T- DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 δικαίῳ | det | high | |
| 10 | δικαίῳ | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 γενομένου | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective in the prepositional phrase σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ. |
| 11 | γενομένου | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἐφθείρετο | advcl | high | Genitive-absolute participle, coordinated with the causal frame. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 γενομένου | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 τέκνα | det | high | |
| 14 | τέκνα | τέκνον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἐφθείρετο | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐφθείρετο; the later plural subject θυσίαι creates a syntactic irregularity. |
| 15 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 τέκνα | nmod | high | Possessive/genitive modifier. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 νήπια | det | high | |
| 17 | νήπια | νήπιος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 τέκνα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier, ‘infant’. |
| 18 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 αὐτῶν | case | high | Agent phrase with genitive. |
| 19 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 20 ἐφθείρετο | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 20 | ἐφθείρετο | φθείρω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 31 κατέστησαν | parataxis | medium | Singular passive; likely agrees collectively with τὰ νήπια/τέκνα, while the following clause has a separate plural predicate. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐφθείρετο | punct | high | |
| 22 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 κατέστησαν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator, completed by ἤ. |
| 23 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 πρὶν | fixed | high | Part of the fixed sequence πρὶν ἤ. |
| 24 | χρήσαντος | χράω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 κατέστησαν | advcl | high | Genitive-absolute participle in the temporal clause. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 26 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 χρήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 27 | θυσίαι | θυσία | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 κατέστησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of κατέστησαν. |
| 28 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ἐπέτειοι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator linking θυσίαι and ἐπέτειοι. |
| 29 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 30 ἐπέτειοι | obl | high | Dative beneficiary/reference with ἐπέτειοι κατέστησαν. |
| 30 | ἐπέτειοι | ἐπέτειος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 θυσίαι | amod | high | Agrees with θυσίαι; ‘annual’. |
| 31 | κατέστησαν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main finite verb; the preceding ἐφθείρετο may be a coordinated or textually irregular predicate. |
| 32 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἐπεστάθη | cc | high | Coordinates the second main predicate. |
| 33 | Δεῖμα | δεῖμα | PROPN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἐπεστάθη | nsubj:pass | high | Personified/place-name subject of ἐπεστάθη; proper-name usage. |
| 34 | ἐπεστάθη | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 31 κατέστησαν | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 κατέστησαν | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι λείπεται, γυναικὸς ἐς τὸ φοβερώτερον εἰκὼν πεποιημένη·
The final participial phrase is elliptical: λείπεται governs a remaining/deferred image, with πεποιημένη functioning predicatively; ἐς τὸ φοβερώτερον expresses the direction or degree toward the more frightening form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NAN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Neuter demonstrative subject of λείπεται. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 λείπεται | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 8 λείπεται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 λείπεται | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἡμᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing ἡμᾶς. |
| 6 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-------- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 8 λείπεται | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς. |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 λείπεται | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘still’. |
| 8 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V3SPI μη | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite middle verb; subject is τοῦτο. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λείπεται | punct | high | |
| 10 | γυναικὸς | γυνή | NOUN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἰκὼν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on εἰκών, likely specifying the depicted woman. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 φοβερώτερον | case | high | Preposition governing the substantivized comparative. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----NAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φοβερώτερον | det | high | Article substantivizing φοβερώτερον. |
| 13 | φοβερώτερον | φοβερός | ADJ | A-SRN-A- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 πεποιημένη | obl | medium | Substantivized comparative with ἐς; syntactic relation to πεποιημένη is somewhat elliptical. |
| 14 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N---NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πεποιημένη | nsubj | high | Subject/predicate participial noun with πεποιημένη. |
| 15 | πεποιημένη | ποιέω | VERB | VPRPNFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 λείπεται | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle, predicative/ supplementary to λείπεται; εἰκών is its nominative subject. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λείπεται | punct | high |