Grammar parses for passage 2.30.10
Open translation for this passage
Ἡρακλειδῶν γὰρ κατελθόντων ἐδέξαντο καὶ οἱ Τροιζήνιοι συνοίκους Δωριέων τῶν ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ πρότερον ἔτι Ἀργείων ὄντες κατήκοοι·
The clause begins with a genitive absolute and then has a main predicate with a coordinated subject; the final participial phrase is syntactically compressed, so the relation of κατήκοοι ὄντες is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 κατελθόντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject; proper name collective for the Heraclids. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | D-------- | _ | 4 ἐδέξαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-PMG- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐδέξαντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | ἐδέξαντο | δέχομαι | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Τροιζήνιοι | cc | high | Coordinates the subject with an implied/linked prior subject. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Τροιζήνιοι | det | high | Article with ethnic noun. |
| 7 | Τροιζήνιοι | Τροιζήνιος | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδέξαντο. |
| 8 | συνοίκους | σύνοικος | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐδέξαντο | obj | high | Predicate/object complement in accusative. |
| 9 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συνοίκους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of συνοίκους. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Ἄργους | det | high | Article with Ἄργους. |
| 11 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἄργους | case | high | Preposition governing Ἄργους. |
| 12 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Δωριέων | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Δωριέων, with prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 πρότερον | cc | high | Coordinates adverbs/phrases. |
| 14 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ὄντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὄντες. |
| 15 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ὄντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὄντες. |
| 16 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 κατήκοοι | nmod | medium | Attributive genitive with κατήκοοι; could be substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 17 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-PMN- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατήκοοι | cop | medium | Participle functioning predicatively; analysis as copular is approximate. |
| 18 | κατήκοοι | κατήκοος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐδέξαντο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective linked to the subject; exact relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐδέξαντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Διομήδης γὰρ καὶ Εὐρύαλος ὁ Μηκιστέως Κυάνιππον τὸν Αἰγιαλέως παῖδα ὄντα ἐπιτροπεύοντες Ἀργείων ἡγήσαντο ἐς Τροίαν.
The phrase with Ἀργείων is syntactically difficult; I treat it conservatively as a genitive dependent on the main clause, though its exact role is not fully secure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διομήδης | Διομήδης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγήσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἡγήσαντο. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἡγήσαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Εὐρύαλος | cc | high | Connects Διομήδης and Εὐρύαλος. |
| 4 | Εὐρύαλος | Εὐρύαλος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Διομήδης | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-3SNSMN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Μηκιστέως | det | high | Article with patronymic in genitive. |
| 6 | Μηκιστέως | Μηκιστεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Εὐρύαλος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier identifying Εὐρύαλος. |
| 7 | Κυάνιππον | Κυάνιππος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγήσαντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἡγήσαντο. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-3SNSMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 παῖδα | det | high | Article with παῖδα. |
| 9 | Αἰγιαλέως | Αἰγιαλεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παῖδα. |
| 10 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κυάνιππον | appos | medium | Apposition/explanation of Κυάνιππον. |
| 11 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 παῖδα | acl | high | Participial clause modifying παῖδα. |
| 12 | ἐπιτροπεύοντες | ἐπιτροπεύω | VERB | V-PAP-PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἡγήσαντο | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the coordinated subjects. |
| 13 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργείος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἡγήσαντο | nsubj | low | Likely partitive/genitive with ἡγήσαντο; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | ἡγήσαντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-3PAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Τροίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Τροίαν. |
| 16 | Τροίαν | Τροία | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγήσαντο | obl | high | Goal complement of motion. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἡγήσαντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Σθένελος δέ, ὡς ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς πρότερον, οἰκίας τε ἦν ἐπιφανεστέρας, τῶν Ἀναξαγοριδῶν καλουμένων, καὶ ἡ βασιλεία τούτῳ μάλιστα ἦν ἡ Ἀργείων προσήκουσα.
The syntax is mainly two coordinated ἦν clauses, with the first containing a parenthetical ὡς-clause and the second using a participial modifier of βασιλεία.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σθένελος | Σθένελος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐδήλωσα | mark | medium | Introduces reported/supplementary clause; exact force somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἦν | advcl | high | Finite clause dependent on main statement. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 πρότερον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 πρότερον | det | high | Article with πρότερον. |
| 8 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐδήλωσα | obl | medium | Likely part of ἐν τοῖς πρότερον, adverbial time expression. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | obl | medium | Genitive with ἦν; likely predicative possession/description. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 οἰκίας | advmod | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 12 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 13 | ἐπιφανεστέρας | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκίας | amod | medium | Adjective agreeing with οἰκίας. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀναξαγοριδῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀναξαγοριδῶν. |
| 16 | Ἀναξαγοριδῶν | Ἀναξαγορίδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 καλουμένων | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of καλουμένων. |
| 17 | καλουμένων | καλέω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 Ἀναξαγοριδῶν | acl | high | Participle modifying the genitive group. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 καλουμένων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 βασιλεία | det | high | Article with βασιλεία. |
| 21 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 22 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 24 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/possessor with ἦν. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 24 ἦν | advmod | high | Degree adverb. |
| 24 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 12 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated with first ἦν. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 προσήκουσα | det | high | Article with προσήκουσα. |
| 26 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 προσήκουσα | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier; likely 'of the Argives'. |
| 27 | προσήκουσα | προσήκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 βασιλεία | amod | high | Participial modifier of βασιλεία. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοσαῦτα Τροιζηνίοις ἐχόμενα ἱστορίας ἦν, παρὲξ ἢ ὅσαι πόλεις παρʼ αὐτῶν φασιν ἀποικισθῆναι·
Main clause with ἦν and a comparative/exclusive phrase παρὲξ ἢ introducing an indirect discourse clause with ἀποικισθῆναι; ὅσαι πόλεις is the embedded subject phrase, though syntax is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσαῦτα | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | Pd-AMPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἦν | obj | high | Accusative plural neuter, object/complement of ἦν. |
| 2 | Τροιζηνίοις | Τροιζήνιος | ADJ | A-P---DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐχόμενα | obl | high | Dative plural masculine, modifying the participle ἐχόμενα. |
| 3 | ἐχόμενα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PMPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἦν | acl | high | Participial modifier agreeing with τοσαῦτα. |
| 4 | ἱστορίας | ἱστορία | NOUN | N-S---FG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐχόμενα | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἐχόμενα. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IX-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | παρὲξ | παρέξ | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | advmod | medium | Used adverbially with παρὲξ ἢ 'except for / besides'. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 παρὲξ | cc | high | Correlative conjunction with παρὲξ. |
| 9 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | DET | Pk-APFN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 πόλεις | det | high | Relative/quantifying determiner modifying πόλεις. |
| 10 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-P---FN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἀποικισθῆναι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποικισθῆναι in indirect question/statement. |
| 11 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R--- | _ | 13 φασιν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῶν. |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 φασιν | obl | high | Genitive object of παρὰ. |
| 13 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἦν | ccomp | high | Reporting verb governing infinitive clause. |
| 14 | ἀποικισθῆναι | ἀποικίζω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 13 φασιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of φασιν. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
κατασκευὴν δὲ ἱερῶν καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐς ἐπίδειξιν, τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπέξειμι.
The clause begins with a fronted object phrase; τὸ ἐντεῦθεν is treated as an adverbial expression modifying the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατασκευὴν | κατασκευή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπέξειμι | obj | high | Object of ἐπέξειμι, coordinated with ὅσα ἄλλα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱερῶν | ἱερόν | NOUN | n-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατασκευὴν | nmod | medium | Likely dependent on κατασκευήν, though the exact relation is somewhat loose in this list. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 ὅσα | cc | high | Coordinates ὅσα with the preceding noun phrase. |
| 5 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | p-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατασκευὴν | conj | high | Coordinated object phrase with ἄλλα. |
| 6 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὅσα | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ὅσα. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 8 ἐπίδειξιν | case | high | Preposition governing ἐπίδειξιν. |
| 8 | ἐπίδειξιν | ἐπίδειξις | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὅσα | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying the nominal object phrase. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐντεῦθεν | det | high | Article used substantively with ἐντεῦθεν. |
| 11 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | d-------- | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | obl | medium | Adverbial phrase with article; treated as adverbial modifier of ἐπέξειμι. |
| 12 | ἐπέξειμι | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | v1spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |