Grammar parses for passage 2.30.10
Open translation for this passage
Ἡρακλειδῶν γὰρ κατελθόντων ἐδέξαντο καὶ οἱ Τροιζήνιοι συνοίκους Δωριέων τῶν ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ πρότερον ἔτι Ἀργείων ὄντες κατήκοοι·
The opening genitive absolute (Ἡρακλειδῶν κατελθόντων) sets the circumstance for ἐδέξαντο; τῶν ... ὄντες κατήκοοι is a compressed relative/participial phrase describing the Argive-affiliated Troezenians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 κατελθόντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G------- | _ | 4 ἐδέξαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐδέξαντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | ἐδέξαντο | δέχομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Τροιζήνιοι | cc | high | Coordinates the subject noun phrase. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Τροιζήνιοι | det | high | Article with Τροιζήνιοι. |
| 7 | Τροιζήνιοι | Τροιζήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name functioning as subject. |
| 8 | συνοίκους | σύνοικος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐδέξαντο | obj | high | Predicate/object complement: accepted the Dorians as fellow settlers. |
| 9 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συνοίκους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on συνοίκους. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 ὄντες | det | high | Article introducing a substantivized relative phrase. |
| 11 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἄργους | case | high | Preposition governing Ἄργους. |
| 12 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Δωριέων | nmod | high | Origin complement of Δωριέων. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ὄντες | cc | high | Coordinates the relative participial predicates. |
| 14 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-SAN | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὄντες | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 15 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 πρότερον | advmod | high | Modifies πρότερον. |
| 16 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ὄντες | obl | medium | Genitive predicate/association with ὄντες: formerly Argives. |
| 17 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 κατήκοοι | acl:relcl | medium | Present participle in the relative phrase headed by τῶν; copular. |
| 18 | κατήκοοι | κατήκοος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐδέξαντο | conj | medium | Coordinated predicate complement, with an understood copula/identity relation. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 4 ἐδέξαντο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ σφᾶς καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐν καταλόγῳ φησὶν ὑπὸ Διομήδους ἄρχεσθαι.
Ὅμηρος is coordinated with the preceding καί; φησίν introduces an accusative-and-infinitive construction, with σφᾶς as the understood subject of passive ἄρχεσθαι and Διομήδους as its agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ὅμηρος | cc | high | |
| 2 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 ἄρχεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ὅμηρος | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 φησὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of φησίν. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 καταλόγῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 φησὶν | obl | high | Locative prepositional adjunct, ‘in the catalogue’. |
| 7 | φησὶν | φημί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Διομήδους | case | high | |
| 9 | Διομήδους | Διομήδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἄρχεσθαι | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive infinitive. |
| 10 | ἄρχεσθαι | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 7 φησὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φησίν; σφᾶς is its accusative subject. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φησὶν | punct | high |
Διομήδης γὰρ καὶ Εὐρύαλος ὁ Μηκιστέως Κυάνιππον τὸν Αἰγιαλέως παῖδα ὄντα ἐπιτροπεύοντες Ἀργείων ἡγήσαντο ἐς Τροίαν.
Διομήδης and Εὐρύαλος are coordinated subjects of ἡγήσαντο; ὁ Μηκιστέως is in apposition to Εὐρύαλος. Κυάνιππον, with its article and genitive patronymic, is the accusative object of ἐπιτροπεύοντες and the accusative subject of the participial ὄντα; ἐπιτροπεύοντες is a circumstantial participle modifying the coordinated subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διομήδης | Διομήδης | PROPN | N--S-NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγήσαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G----- | _ | 14 ἡγήσαντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Εὐρύαλος | cc | high | |
| 4 | Εὐρύαλος | Εὐρύαλος | PROPN | N--S-NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Διομήδης | conj | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S-MNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Εὐρύαλος | appos | medium | Article introducing the following appositional name/patronymic phrase. |
| 6 | Μηκιστέως | Μηκιστεύς | PROPN | N-S-MG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὁ | appos | medium | Patronymic/name in apposition within ὁ Μηκιστέως. |
| 7 | Κυάνιππον | Κυάνιππος | PROPN | N--S-MA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπιτροπεύοντες | obj | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S-MAC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κυάνιππον | det | high | |
| 9 | Αἰγιαλέως | Αἰγιαλεύς | PROPN | N-S-MG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παῖδα | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying παῖδα. |
| 10 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-S-MA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κυάνιππον | appos | high | |
| 11 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐπιτροπεύοντες | xcomp | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Κυάνιππον; copular participle. |
| 12 | ἐπιτροπεύοντες | ἐπιτροπεύω | VERB | V-PAP-PMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἡγήσαντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with coordinated nominative subjects. |
| 13 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπιτροπεύοντες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐπιτροπεύοντες: acting as guardians/mentors of the Argives. |
| 14 | ἡγήσαντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Τροίαν | case | high | |
| 16 | Τροίαν | Τροία | PROPN | N--S-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγήσαντο | obl | high | Goal/destination of ἡγήσαντο. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἡγήσαντο | punct | high |
Σθένελος δέ, ὡς ἐδήλωσα ἐν τοῖς πρότερον, οἰκίας τε ἦν ἐπιφανεστέρας, τῶν Ἀναξαγοριδῶν καλουμένων, καὶ ἡ βασιλεία τούτῳ μάλιστα ἦν ἡ Ἀργείων προσήκουσα.
Σθένελος is the subject of the first ἦν, with οἰκίας τε ... ἐπιφανεστέρας as a genitive predicate/characterization; ὡς ἐδήλωσα is a parenthetical comparative clause. The second ἦν has βασιλεία as subject, τούτῳ as dative possessor/association, and ἡ Ἀργείων προσήκουσα as a postposed predicative relative-like participial phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Σθένελος | Σθένελος | PROPN | N--S---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 Σθένελος | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 1 Σθένελος | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐδήλωσα | mark | high | |
| 5 | ἐδήλωσα | δηλόω | VERB | V--1SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἦν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical clause; could be analyzed as an adjunct to the whole sentence. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 πρότερον | case | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---DPN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 πρότερον | det | high | |
| 8 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἐδήλωσα | obl | medium | Substantivized/adverbial form meaning 'previously'; the article phrase is elliptical. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 5 ἐδήλωσα | punct | high | |
| 10 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N--PFA--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Genitive predicate/description with ἦν; some analyses treat it as a genitive complement or predicate nominal. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 οἰκίας | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ἐπιφανεστέρας | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A--PFA-C-- | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 οἰκίας | amod | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Ἀναξαγοριδῶν | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἀναξαγοριδῶν | Ἀναξαγορίδης | PROPN | N--GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 καλουμένων | obl | medium | Genitive plural name for the Anaxagorids; dependent within the participial group. |
| 17 | καλουμένων | καλέω | VERB | V--PPM-G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 10 οἰκίας | acl | medium | Participial modifier of the understood/expressed Anaxagorid family; attachment to οἰκίας is syntactically loose. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 βασιλεία | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P---NFS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 βασιλεία | det | high | |
| 21 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | N--SNA--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | P---DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 24 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or personal association with βασιλεία. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 προσήκουσα | advmod | high | |
| 24 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 12 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated second copular clause. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P---NFS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 προσήκουσα | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A--GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 προσήκουσα | obl | high | Substantivized genitive plural, 'of the Argives', with προσήκουσα. |
| 27 | προσήκουσα | προσήκω | VERB | V--PAPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative participle agreeing with βασιλεία; προσήκουσα ἡ Ἀργείων means the kingship especially belonging to the Argives. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 12 ἦν | punct | high |
τοσαῦτα Τροιζηνίοις ἐχόμενα ἱστορίας ἦν, παρὲξ ἢ ὅσαι πόλεις παρʼ αὐτῶν φασιν ἀποικισθῆναι·
The construction means ‘so much history concerning the Troezenians, except for the cities which they say were colonized from them’; ἐχόμενα is a neuter plural participle agreeing with τοσαῦτα, while ἦν is singular with a neuter plural subject. παρὲξ introduces the exception, and ἢ is comparative/exclusionary (‘than/except’); ὅσαι πόλεις is the subject of the passive infinitive ἀποικισθῆναι, with αὐτῶν referring to the Troezenians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοσαῦτα | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐχόμενα | amod | high | Neuter plural nominative, agreeing with ἐχόμενα. |
| 2 | Τροιζηνίοις | Τροιζήνιος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐχόμενα | obl | medium | Dative of relation/association with ἐχόμενα; ethnicon used substantivally. |
| 3 | ἐχόμενα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PNP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Middle/passive present participle, substantivally ‘things belonging to/concerning’; exact voice nuance is context-dependent. |
| 4 | ἱστορίας | ἱστορία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐχόμενα | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐχόμενα, likely partitive or descriptive (‘of history’). |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative; singular with neuter plural subject, a standard Greek agreement pattern. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 7 | παρὲξ | παρέξ | ADP | R- | _ | 10 πόλεις | case | medium | Preposition/adverb introducing the exception phrase; governs the following genitive phrase. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 πόλεις | cc | medium | Exclusionary/comparative particle, coordinated with the preceding exception construction rather than ordinary disjunction. |
| 9 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | DET | A-RPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 πόλεις | det | high | Relative quantifier/determiner modifying πόλεις. |
| 10 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 φασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of φασιν and understood subject of ἀποικισθῆναι. |
| 11 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-G | _ | 12 αὐτῶν | case | high | Elided preposition governing the genitive αὐτῶν. |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 10 πόλεις | obl | high | Genitive of source with παρά; antecedent is Τροιζηνίοις. |
| 13 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 παρὲξ | advcl | medium | Impersonal/reporting clause ‘they say’; its accusative-and-infinitive content is ὅσαι πόλεις ἀποικισθῆναι. |
| 14 | ἀποικισθῆναι | ἀποικίζω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 13 φασιν | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, governed by φασιν; πόλεις is its understood nominative subject in indirect discourse. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high |
κατασκευὴν δὲ ἱερῶν καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα ἐς ἐπίδειξιν, τὸ ἐντεῦθεν ἐπέξειμι.
The coordinated accusative κατασκευὴν ... ὅσα ἄλλα is the object/topic resumed by τὸ ἐντεῦθεν; ἐπέξειμι is future first-person singular, ‘I shall proceed/discuss from here onward.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατασκευὴν | κατασκευή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπέξειμι | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱερῶν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατασκευὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κατασκευήν: construction of sanctuaries. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ὅσα | cc | high | |
| 5 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατασκευὴν | conj | medium | Correlative/relative quantifier introducing the coordinated ‘whatever other things’ phrase. |
| 6 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὅσα | amod | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἐπίδειξιν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 8 | ἐπίδειξιν | ἐπίδειξις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὅσα | nmod | high | Prepositional purpose phrase: for display. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπέξειμι | obj | medium | Articular accusative resumptive/topic expression; exact attachment is syntactically compressed. |
| 11 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | advmod | high | ‘From here/onward’; modifies ἐπέξειμι. |
| 12 | ἐπέξειμι | ἐπέξειμι | VERB | V-FAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future of ἐπέξειμι; governs the resumed accusative topic/object. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπέξειμι | punct | high |