Grammar parses for passage 2.31.3
Open translation for this passage
ὄπισθεν δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ Πιτθέως μνῆμά ἐστι, τρεῖς δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ θρόνοι κεῖνται λίθου λευκοῦ·
Two coordinated clauses: μνῆμά ἐστι and θρόνοι κεῖνται; ὄπισθεν takes a genitive phrase, while ἐπί with dative modifies κεῖνται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 μνῆμά | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 μνῆμά | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 μνῆμά | nmod | high | Genitive with ὄπισθεν, ‘behind the temple’. |
| 5 | Πιτθέως | Πιτθεύς | PROPN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ναοῦ | nmod | medium | Personal name in the genitive, dependent on ναοῦ. |
| 6 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N- NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V- PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 9 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | A- NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 θρόνοι | nummod | high | Attributive numeral modifying θρόνοι; masculine form. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 κεῖνται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 12 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P- DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 κεῖνται | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί; refers to the tomb. |
| 13 | θρόνοι | θρόνος | NOUN | N- NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V- PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐστι | conj | high | Coordinated predicate after the first clause. |
| 15 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θρόνοι | nmod | high | Genitive of material. |
| 16 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λίθου | amod | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κεῖνται | punct | high |
δικάζειν δὲ Πιτθέα καὶ ἄνδρας δύο σὺν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν θρόνων.
Infinitival clause δικάζειν ... ἐπὶ τῶν θρόνων is the reported content of λέγουσιν; Πιτθέα and ἄνδρας δύο are coordinated accusative subjects of the infinitive. The participial/elliptical construction is syntactically straightforward, though the exact antecedent of the omitted subject of λέγουσιν is not supplied.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δικάζειν | δικάζω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Present active infinitive, governed as reported content by λέγουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Πιτθέα | Πιτθεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 δικάζειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἄνδρας | cc | high | Coordinates the second accusative subject with Πιτθέα. |
| 5 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Πιτθέα | conj | high | Coordinated accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 ἄνδρας | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 7 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing dative αὐτῷ. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἄνδρας | obl | medium | Dative complement of σύν; semantically associates with the men, though attachment may be construed differently. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite matrix verb; subject is implicit. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 θρόνων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive phrase τῶν θρόνων. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 θρόνων | det | high | Genitive article modifying θρόνων. |
| 12 | θρόνων | θρόνος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δικάζειν | obl | high | Prepositional locative adjunct of δικάζειν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὐ πόρρω δὲ ἱερὸν Μουσῶν ἐστι, ποιῆσαι δὲ ἔλεγον αὐτὸ Ἄρδαλον παῖδα Ἡφαίστου·
Impersonal εἰμί with predicative ἱερόν and genitive Μουσῶν; ποιῆσαι is an infinitival complement of ἔλεγον, with αὐτό as object and Ἄρδαλον as predicative object/subject accusative, παῖδα Ἡφαίστου in apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἐστι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'far'; οὐ πόρρω = 'not far'. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative predicate noun/adjectival noun with ἐστι; could be analyzed as a nominal predicate. |
| 5 | Μουσῶν | Μοῦσα | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 8 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἔλεγον | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἔλεγον. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἔλεγον | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἔλεγον | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστι | parataxis | medium | Imperfect 3pl; subject is implicit/indefinite. |
| 11 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Neuter accusative referring to the sanctuary. |
| 12 | Ἄρδαλον | Ἄρδαλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποιῆσαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with ποιῆσαι. |
| 13 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἄρδαλον | appos | high | Apposition to Ἄρδαλον. |
| 14 | Ἡφαίστου | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage with παῖδα. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔλεγον | punct | high |
καὶ αὐλόν τε εὑρεῖν νομίζουσι τὸν Ἄρδαλον τοῦτον καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καλοῦσιν Ἀρδαλίδας.
The coordinated infinitive εὑρεῖν is the object/content of νομίζουσι; τὸν Ἄρδαλον τοῦτον is its accusative subject. In the second coordinated clause, Ἀρδαλίδας is the predicate accusative/name assigned to Μούσας after καλοῦσιν; ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ expresses derivation/source.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 νομίζουσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | αὐλόν | αὐλός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρεῖν | obj | high | Object of εὑρεῖν. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 2 αὐλόν | cc | high | Correlative τε with καὶ. |
| 4 | εὑρεῖν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-ANA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 νομίζουσι | xcomp | high | Accusative-and-infinitive complement of νομίζουσι. |
| 5 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἄρδαλον | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἄρδαλον | Ἄρδαλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἄρδαλον | det | high | Demonstrative apposition/emphasis with the proper name. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate with εὑρεῖν. |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Μούσας | det | high | |
| 11 | Μούσας | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 12 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 13 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Apocopated form of ἀπό. |
| 13 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Genitive of source/derivation with ἀπό. |
| 14 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 νομίζουσι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 15 | Ἀρδαλίδας | Ἀρδαλίς | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative/name assigned to Μούσας; could also be analyzed as a second object. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 νομίζουσι | punct | high |
τοῦ Μουσείου δὲ οὐ πόρρω βωμός ἐστιν ἀρχαῖος, Ἀρδάλου καὶ τοῦτον ὥς φασιν ἀναθέντος·
The genitive absolute Ἀρδάλου ... ἀναθέντος gives the reported attribution of the altar; τοῦτον is the accusative object of ἀναθέντος, and ὥς introduces the report with φασιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | GDSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Μουσείου | det | high | |
| 2 | Μουσείου | Μουσεῖον | PROPN | NEGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πόρρω | obl | medium | Place-name, probably the Mouseion. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 βωμός | cc | high | |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | 否 | Polarity=Neg | 7 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἐστιν | advmod | high | With genitive Μουσείου: 'not far from the Mouseion'. |
| 6 | βωμός | βωμός | NOUN | NNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἀρχαῖος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βωμός | amod | high | Predicative adjective linked to βωμός. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Ἀρδάλου | Ἄρδαλος | PROPN | NEGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀναθέντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 τοῦτον | cc | high | Coordinates τοῦτον with an omitted or understood object; syntactically somewhat elliptical. |
| 12 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PDASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀναθέντος | obj | medium | Likely object of ἀναθέντος; καὶ is somewhat difficult, perhaps connective or coordinating an understood element. |
| 13 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 φασιν | mark | high | Introduces reported assertion. |
| 14 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V3PPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ἀναθέντος | advcl | medium | Parenthetical reporting verb; ὡς ... ἀναθέντος forms the reported content. |
| 15 | ἀναθέντος | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀρδάλου; subject is understood as Ardalus. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ Μούσαις καὶ Ὕπνῳ θύουσι, λέγοντες τὸν Ὕπνον θεὸν μάλιστα εἶναι φίλον ταῖς Μούσαις.
The opening ἐπὶ αὐτῷ Μούσαις καὶ Ὕπνῳ is treated as a dative recipient phrase headed by Μούσαις, with Ὕπνῳ coordinated; αὐτῷ is anaphoric and morphologically masculine singular.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Μούσαις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 θύουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DNSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 Μούσαις | det | high | Dative masculine singular pronoun modifying Μούσαις by attraction/agreement mismatch in the coordinated phrase; semantically refers to the preceding object/place. |
| 4 | Μούσαις | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 θύουσι | obl | high | First coordinated dative recipient of θύουσι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Ὕπνῳ | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative recipients. |
| 6 | Ὕπνῳ | Ὕπνος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Μούσαις | conj | high | Second coordinated dative recipient; coordinated with Μούσαις. |
| 7 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 θύουσι | punct | high | |
| 9 | λέγοντες | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 θύουσι | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle, with the implicit subject of θύουσι. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ὕπνον | det | high | |
| 11 | Ὕπνον | Ὕπνος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 12 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate complement of εἶναι. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 15 φίλον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying φίλον. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 λέγοντες | ccomp | high | Infinitive introducing the reported assertion. |
| 15 | φίλον | φίλος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective of Ὕπνον with εἶναι; agrees in accusative masculine singular. |
| 16 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Μούσαις | det | high | |
| 17 | Μούσαις | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 φίλον | obl | high | Dative complement with φίλος: dear/friendly to the Muses. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 θύουσι | punct | high |