Grammar parses for passage 2.31.3
Open translation for this passage
ὄπισθεν δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ Πιτθέως μνῆμά ἐστι, τρεῖς δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ θρόνοι κεῖνται λίθου λευκοῦ·
Two clauses are juxtaposed: an existential statement with ὄπισθεν and a second clause with θρόνοι as subject; the genitive phrase λίθου λευκοῦ likely denotes material.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | Pd | _ | 7 ἐστι | advmod | high | Adverbial 'behind' modifying ἐστι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 ἐστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ναοῦ | det | high | Article agreeing with ναοῦ. |
| 4 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N-SM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ὄπισθεν | obl | medium | Genitive complement with ὄπισθεν; relation somewhat language-specific. |
| 5 | Πιτθέως | Πιτθεύς | PROPN | N-SM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ναοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ναοῦ. |
| 6 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential main verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high | Comma. |
| 9 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | N-AP? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 θρόνοι | nummod | medium | Likely predicate numeral modifying θρόνοι; form is nominative/accusative masculine plural. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 14 κεῖνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 12 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 12 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 θρόνοι | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐπʼ. |
| 13 | θρόνοι | θρόνος | NOUN | N-NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | Subject of κεῖνται. |
| 14 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PII-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second independent clause. |
| 15 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 θρόνοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of θρόνοι, expressing material. |
| 16 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λίθου | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of λίθου. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κεῖνται | punct | high | Major punctuation mark. |
δικάζειν δὲ Πιτθέα καὶ ἄνδρας δύο σὺν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν θρόνων.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: δικάζειν is best taken as an infinitival complement of λέγουσιν, with the accusatives Πιτθέα and ἄνδρας δύο as its objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δικάζειν | δικάζω | VERB | V-PAINF | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 λέγουσιν | csubj | high | Infinitive clause serving as content of λέγουσιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Πιτθέα | Πιτθεύς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 δικάζειν | obj | high | Object of δικάζειν. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 Πιτθέα | cc | high | Coordinates the two accusative objects. |
| 5 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Πιτθέα | conj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 6 | δύο | δύο | NUM | NU | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄνδρας | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 7 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R | _ | 8 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Πιτθέα | nmod | high | Prepositional phrase modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 9 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 12 θρόνων | case | high | Preposition governing τῶν θρόνων. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 θρόνων | det | high | Definite article. |
| 12 | θρόνων | θρόνος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Adverbial/prepositional complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 λέγουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὐ πόρρω δὲ ἱερὸν Μουσῶν ἐστι, ποιῆσαι δὲ ἔλεγον αὐτὸ Ἄρδαλον παῖδα Ἡφαίστου·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἔλεγον governs the infinitival report ποιῆσαι αὐτὸ Ἄρδαλον παῖδα Ἡφαίστου, while the opening clause with ἱερὸν Μουσῶν ἐστι is a separate statement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | advmod | high | Negative particle modifying the clause. |
| 2 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | advmod | high | Adverbial of place/distance. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | obj | low | Possibly predicate/nominal element in an ellipted construction; form is ambiguous here. |
| 5 | Μουσῶν | Μοῦσα | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἱερὸν. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/exists predicate serving as clause root. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἔλεγον | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of reported speech. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἔλεγον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 10 | ἔλεγον | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστι | parataxis | medium | Reported speech appended to the main clause. |
| 11 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Object of ποιῆσαι. |
| 12 | Ἄρδαλον | Ἄρδαλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποιῆσαι | obj | low | Likely appositional/object complement to αὐτὸ within the infinitival clause; analysis uncertain. |
| 13 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἄρδαλον | appos | high | Apposition to Ἄρδαλον. |
| 14 | Ἡφαίστου | Ἥφαιστος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παῖδα. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ αὐλόν τε εὑρεῖν νομίζουσι τὸν Ἄρδαλον τοῦτον καὶ τὰς Μούσας ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ καλοῦσιν Ἀρδαλίδας.
Two coordinated main clauses share the first predicate frame; the second clause has a calling construction with Ἀρδαλίδας as a likely complement, though its exact syntactic role is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 νομίζουσι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking the two main predicates. |
| 2 | αὐλόν | αὐλός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρεῖν | obj | high | Object of εὑρεῖν. |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 αὐλόν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective with αὐλόν. |
| 4 | εὑρεῖν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 νομίζουσι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with νομίζουσι. |
| 5 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἄρδαλον | det | high | Definite article modifying Ἄρδαλον. |
| 7 | Ἄρδαλον | Ἄρδαλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εὑρεῖν | obj | high | Object within the infinitival clause. |
| 8 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 Ἄρδαλον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Ἄρδαλον. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Connects the second coordinated predicate to the first. |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Μούσας | det | high | Article modifying Μούσας. |
| 11 | Μούσας | Μοῦσα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 12 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 13 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῦ. |
| 13 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Prepositional object with ἀπό. |
| 14 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 νομίζουσι | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 15 | Ἀρδαλίδας | Ἀρδαλίς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | low | Likely predicate complement/name for the calling construction; morphology uncertain but accusative plural feminine is most plausible. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 νομίζουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τοῦ Μουσείου δὲ οὐ πόρρω βωμός ἐστιν ἀρχαῖος, Ἀρδάλου καὶ τοῦτον ὥς φασιν ἀναθέντος·
Main clause is copular; the trailing genitive absolute with ὥς φασιν gives the reported attribution of the altar.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-? | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 Μουσείου | det | high | Article modifying Μουσείου. |
| 2 | Μουσείου | Μουσεῖον | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 βωμός | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of βωμός. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 βωμός | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 5 πόρρω | advmod | high | Negates πόρρω. |
| 5 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐστιν. |
| 6 | βωμός | βωμός | NOUN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate with adjectival subject complement. |
| 8 | ἀρχαῖος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βωμός | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with βωμός. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | Ἀρδάλου | Ἄρδαλος | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀναθέντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive participial subject, though construction is somewhat elliptical. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Ἀρδάλου | cc | high | Coordinates τοῦτον with Ἀρδάλου in the genitive participial clause. |
| 12 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 ἀναθέντος | obj | high | Object of ἀναθέντος. |
| 13 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 φασιν | mark | high | Introduces reported clause. |
| 14 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ἀναθέντος | advcl | high | Parenthetical/reporting verb in the as-phrase. |
| 15 | ἀναθέντος | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying the main clause. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ Μούσαις καὶ Ὕπνῳ θύουσι, λέγοντες τὸν Ὕπνον θεὸν μάλιστα εἶναι φίλον ταῖς Μούσαις.
The participle λέγοντες introduces indirect statement with accusative subject Ὕπνον and predicate phrase θεὸν ... φίλον ταῖς Μούσαις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | Case=Gen | 3 αὐτῷ | case | high | Governed by αὐτῷ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 θύουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3smd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 7 θύουσι | obl | medium | Likely dative with ἐπί expressing reference/location; exact syntax somewhat context-dependent. |
| 4 | Μούσαις | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 θύουσι | iobj | high | Dative of recipient with θύουσι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 Ὕπνῳ | cc | high | Coordinates Μούσαις and Ὕπνῳ. |
| 6 | Ὕπνῳ | Ὕπνος | PROPN | N-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Μούσαις | conj | high | Second coordinated dative with Μούσαις. |
| 7 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-3PPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 θύουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | λέγοντες | λέγω | VERB | V-PPPAMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 θύουσι | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying θύουσι. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ὕπνον | det | high | Article with Ὕπνον. |
| 11 | Ὕπνον | Ὕπνος | PROPN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 12 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate complement in infinitival clause. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 15 φίλον | advmod | high | Modifies φίλον. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 λέγοντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on λέγοντες. |
| 15 | φίλον | φίλος | ADJ | A-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with accusative subject Ὕπνον. |
| 16 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Μούσαις | det | high | Article with Μούσαις. |
| 17 | Μούσαις | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 φίλον | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with φίλον. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 θύουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |