Grammar parses for passage 2.33.5
Open translation for this passage
μαθὼν δὲ ἐς Ἀθήνας γράμματα ἐπέστελλεν.
The participle μαθὼν forms a temporal/circumstantial clause modifying the main verb ἐπέστελλεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαθὼν | μανθάνω | VERB | AOR_ACT_PTCP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with implied subject of the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 μαθὼν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀθήνας. |
| 4 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | obl | high | Prepositional object with motion toward Athens. |
| 5 | γράμματα | γράμμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | obj | medium | Likely the object sent or communicated; contextually a letter/message. |
| 6 | ἐπέστελλεν | ἐπιστέλλω | VERB | IMPF_ACT_IND_3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν τούτοις τοῖς γράμμασι τοὺς λαβόντας παρὰ Ἁρπάλου καταριθμῶν καὶ αὐτοὺς καὶ ὁπόσον αὐτῶν ἔλαβεν ἕκαστος οὐδὲ ἐμνημόνευσεν ἀρχὴν Δημοσθένους, Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τε ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἀπεχθανομένου καὶ αὐτὸς ἰδίᾳ προσκρούσας.
The syntax is elliptical and participial, with several participial phrases attached to the main verb ἐμνημόνευσεν; the final genitive participial phrase is especially compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 4 γράμμασι | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτοις | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 γράμμασι | det | high | |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 γράμμασι | det | high | |
| 4 | γράμμασι | γράμμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 καταριθμῶν | obl | high | |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 λαβόντας | det | high | |
| 6 | λαβόντας | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 καταριθμῶν | obj | high | |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 8 Ἁρπάλου | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἁρπάλου | Ἁρπάλου | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λαβόντας | obl | high | Proper name in genitive after παρά. |
| 9 | καταριθμῶν | καταριθμέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | advcl | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 αὐτοὺς | cc | high | |
| 11 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καταριθμῶν | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with τοὺς λαβόντας as object of καταριθμῶν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ὁπόσον | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὁπόσον | ὁπόσος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔλαβεν | obj | high | |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἔλαβεν | nsubj | medium | Interpreted as partitive/genitive with ὁπόσον/ἔλαβεν; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 15 | ἔλαβεν | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | ccomp | high | |
| 16 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐμνημόνευσεν | μνημονεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | obj | high | |
| 20 | Δημοσθένους | Δημοσθένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπεχθανομένου | obl | medium | Dative with participle ἀπεχθανομένου; likely reference to Alexander. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 ἀπεχθανομένου | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 26 μάλιστα | case | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 μάλιστα | det | high | |
| 26 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 27 ἀπεχθανομένου | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ἀπεχθανομένου | ἀπεχθάνομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 προσκρούσας | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute/participial clause modifying the final participle. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 αὐτὸς | cc | high | |
| 29 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 προσκρούσας | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 προσκρούσας | obl | medium | Adverbial dative-like form; could be adverbially used 'privately, personally'. |
| 31 | προσκρούσας | προσκρούω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | advcl | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | punct | high |