Grammar parses for passage 2.33.5
Open translation for this passage
μαθὼν δὲ ἐς Ἀθήνας γράμματα ἐπέστελλεν.
The nominative aorist participle μαθὼν is an adverbial clause modifying the main verb; ἐς Ἀθήνας is a directional oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαθὼν | μανθάνω | VERB | VAAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | advcl | high | Aorist active nominative masculine singular circumstantial participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἀθήνας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς governing the accusative. |
| 4 | Ἀθήνας | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | obl | high | Accusative plural place name governed by ἐς. |
| 5 | γράμματα | γράμμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural direct object of ἐπέστελλεν. |
| 6 | ἐπέστελλεν | ἐπιστέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active indicative, third-person singular. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπέστελλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν τούτοις τοῖς γράμμασι τοὺς λαβόντας παρὰ Ἁρπάλου καταριθμῶν καὶ αὐτοὺς καὶ ὁπόσον αὐτῶν ἔλαβεν ἕκαστος οὐδὲ ἐμνημόνευσεν ἀρχὴν Δημοσθένους, Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τε ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ἀπεχθανομένου καὶ αὐτὸς ἰδίᾳ προσκρούσας.
The sentence has a main finite predicate ἐμνημόνευσεν, with καταριθμῶν and προσκρούσας as circumstantial participles; ἀπεχθανομένου is best read as a genitive absolute, though the broader coordination is syntactically compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 γράμμασι | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτοις | οὗτος | DET | PD-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 γράμμασι | det | high | |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 γράμμασι | det | high | |
| 4 | γράμμασι | γράμμα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 καταριθμῶν | obl | high | Dative of medium/content. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 λαβόντας | det | high | |
| 6 | λαβόντας | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 καταριθμῶν | obj | high | Substantival participle, object of καταριθμῶν. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἁρπάλου | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἁρπάλου | Ἅρπαλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λαβόντας | obl | high | |
| 9 | καταριθμῶν | καταριθμέω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with understood subject. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 αὐτοὺς | cc | high | |
| 11 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 9 καταριθμῶν | obj | high | First coordinated object of καταριθμῶν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἔλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὁπόσον | ὁπόσος | DET | PQ-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 15 ἔλαβεν | obj | medium | Quantifying relative/interrogative form, governing an understood amount. |
| 14 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 ὁπόσον | nmod | high | |
| 15 | ἔλαβεν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ὁπόσον | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause within the quantified object; ὁπόσον is its object. |
| 16 | ἕκαστος | ἕκαστος | DET | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 15 ἔλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | cc | high | Coordinates the negated finite predicate with the preceding participial construction. |
| 18 | ἐμνημόνευσεν | μνημονεύω | VERB | V-A--I-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | οὐδὲ supplies the negation/conjunction semantically. |
| 19 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | obj | high | Accusative object, ‘not even mention’. |
| 20 | Δημοσθένους | Δημοσθένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχήν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἀπεχθανομένου | obl | high | Dative with ἀπεχθανομένου. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἀπεχθανομένου | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 τὰ | case | high | |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 μάλιστα | det | high | |
| 26 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-SUP | Degree=Sup | 27 ἀπεχθανομένου | advmod | high | Adverbial phrase ἐς τὰ μάλιστα. |
| 27 | ἀπεχθανομένου | ἀπεχθάνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 31 προσκρούσας | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute, with Ἀλεξάνδρῳ as dative complement. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 προσκρούσας | cc | high | |
| 29 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 31 προσκρούσας | nsubj | high | Subject of προσκρούσας. |
| 30 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | A-DSF | Degree=Pos | 31 προσκρούσας | advmod | medium | Adverbial use of feminine dative singular, ‘personally/in private’. |
| 31 | προσκρούσας | προσκόπτω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | advcl | high | Final/circumstantial participle coordinated with the genitive-absolute circumstance. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐμνημόνευσεν | punct | high |
Δημοσθένει μὲν οὖν τιμαὶ καὶ ἑτέρωθι τῆς Ἑλλάδος καὶ παρὰ τῶν Καλαυρείας εἰσὶν οἰκητόρων·
The sentence has a nominative subject τιμαί with εἰσίν; Δημοσθένει is the dative beneficiary/recipient, while παρά + genitive marks the source of the honors. The coordination around ἑτέρωθι and παρά is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δημοσθένει | Δημοσθένης | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τιμαὶ | iobj | high | Dative of the honored person: honors are for Demosthenes. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 13 εἰσὶν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered or anticipated by οὖν. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 13 εἰσὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive inferential particle. |
| 4 | τιμαὶ | τιμή | NOUN | Nfpn | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Plural subject of εἰσίν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἑτέρωθι | cc | high | Coordinates ἑτέρωθι with the following location phrase. |
| 6 | ἑτέρωθι | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | _ | _ | 13 εἰσὶν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning elsewhere/in another place. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἑλλάδος | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἑλλάδος. |
| 8 | Ἑλλάδος | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | Nfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἑτέρωθι | obl | high | Genitive of location/domain with ἑτέρωθι. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 παρὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the two prepositional location phrases. |
| 10 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 11 τῶν | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive τῶν ... οἰκητόρων. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 οἰκητόρων | det | high | Article agreeing with οἰκητόρων. |
| 12 | Καλαυρείας | Καλαύρεια | PROPN | Nfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 οἰκητόρων | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name dependent on οἰκητόρων; likely inhabitants of Calaureia. |
| 13 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 14 | οἰκητόρων | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | Nmpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εἰσὶν | obl | high | Genitive plural with παρά, denoting the people from whom honors come. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἰσὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |