Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.34.1

← 2.33.5 2.34.2 →

Passage 2.34.1

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

121Greek tokens

3,490input tokens

8,632output tokens

Sentence 1

2.34.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 23
Input: 793
Output: 1,549
Total: 2,342

τῆς δὲ Τροιζηνίας γῆς ἐστιν ἰσθμὸς ἐπὶ πολὺ διέχων ἐς θάλασσαν, ἐν δὲ αὐτῷ πόλισμα οὐ μέγα ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ Μέθανα ᾤκισται.

The first clause presents an isthmus belonging to Troizenian land; the second coordinates a locative clause, with Μέθανα in apposition to πόλισμα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῆς	ὁ	DET	D- GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 γῆς	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	5 ἐστιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Τροιζηνίας	Τροιζηνία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 γῆς	nmod	high
4	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Genitive subject with εἰμί.
5	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
6	ἰσθμὸς	ἰσθμός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἐστιν	attr	high	Predicate nominative.
7	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R-	_	9 διέχων	case	high
8	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	A-NSN	Degree=Pos	9 διέχων	advmod	medium	Adverbial accusative, modifying διέχων.
9	διέχων	διέχω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 ἰσθμὸς	acl	high
10	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R-	_	11 θάλασσαν	case	high
11	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 διέχων	obl	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἐστιν	punct	high
13	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R-	_	15 αὐτῷ	case	high
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	22 ᾤκισται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
15	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	P-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	16 πόλισμα	obl	high	Refers to the isthmus.
16	πόλισμα	πόλισμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 ᾤκισται	nsubj	high	Subject of ᾤκισται.
17	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D-	Polarity=Neg	18 μέγα	advmod	high
18	μέγα	μέγας	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 πόλισμα	amod	high	Agrees with πόλισμα.
19	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R-	_	20 θαλάσσῃ	case	high
20	θαλάσσῃ	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ᾤκισται	obl	high
21	Μέθανα	Μέθανα	PROPN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 πόλισμα	appos	high	Apposition naming the πόλισμα.
22	ᾤκισται	οἰκίζω	VERB	V-RPI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Pass	5 ἐστιν	conj	high	Coordinates a second clause with ἐστιν.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	22 ᾤκισται	punct	high

Sentence 2

2.34.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 17
Input: 742
Output: 1,246
Total: 1,988

Ἴσιδος δὲ ἐνταῦθα ἱερόν ἐστι καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς Ἑρμοῦ, τὸ δὲ ἕτερον Ἡρακλέους.

The sentence has an existential/copular ἐστι with coordinated neuter subjects ἱερόν and ἄγαλμα; the second clause is elliptical, with τὸ ἕτερον understood as another statue.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἴσιδος	Ἶσις	PROPN	N----GFS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἱερόν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἱερόν.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἄγαλμα	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D--------	_	5 ἐστι	advmod	high	Locative adverb.
4	ἱερόν	ἱερόν	NOUN	N----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἐστι	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject of ἐστι.
5	ἐστι	εἰμί	AUX	V3SPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular/existential predicate.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἄγαλμα	cc	high	Coordinates the two neuter subjects.
7	ἄγαλμα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἐστι	conj	high	Second coordinated subject of ἐστι.
8	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	10 ἀγορᾶς	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive phrase.
9	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L--GFS---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἀγορᾶς	det	high	Article modifying ἀγορᾶς.
10	ἀγορᾶς	ἀγορά	NOUN	N----GFS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἄγαλμα	nmod	high	Genitive complement of ἐπὶ, modifying ἄγαλμα.
11	Ἑρμοῦ	Ἑρμῆς	PROPN	N----GMS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἄγαλμα	nmod	high	Genitive identifying the statue as Hermes's.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἐστι	punct	high
13	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NSN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἕτερον	det	high	Substantivizing article with ἕτερον.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 ἕτερον	cc	high	Connective introducing the second elliptical clause.
15	ἕτερον	ἕτερος	ADJ	A--NSN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἐστι	conj	medium	Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ἄγαλμα; understood ἐστί.
16	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N----GMS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ἕτερον	nmod	high	Genitive identifying the other statue as Heracles's.
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἐστι	punct	high

Sentence 3

2.34.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 56
Input: 1,129
Output: 3,869
Total: 4,998

τοῦ δὲ πολίσματος τριάκοντά που στάδια ἀπέχει θερμὰ λουτρά· φασὶ δὲ Ἀντιγόνου τοῦ Δημητρίου Μακεδόνων βασιλεύοντος τότε πρῶτον τὸ ὕδωρ φανῆναι, φανῆναι δὲ οὐχ ὕδωρ εὐθὺς ἀλλὰ πῦρ ἀναζέσαι πολὺ ἐκ τῆς γῆς, ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ μαρανθέντι ῥυῆναι τὸ ὕδωρ, ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἄνεισι θερμόν τε καὶ δεινῶς ἁλμυρόν.

The first clause has θερμὰ λουτρά as the subject of ἀπέχει, with τοῦ πολίσματος a genitive of distance/reference. φασί governs coordinated infinitival clauses; βασιλεύοντος is a genitive absolute. The final relative clause has ὃ as the antecedent of ὕδωρ and ἄνεισι as its finite verb.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	δατ/γεν εν ουδ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 πολίσματος	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 ἀπέχει	cc	high
3	πολίσματος	πόλισμα	NOUN	ουσ γεν εν ουδ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἀπέχει	nmod	high	Genitive of reference/distance.
4	τριάκοντά	τριάκοντα	NUM	NUM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	6 στάδια	nummod	high
5	που	που	ADV	ADV	_	7 ἀπέχει	advmod	high	Indefinite particle, ‘about/somewhat’.
6	στάδια	στάδιον	NOUN	ουσ αιτ πληθ ουδ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἀπέχει	obl	high	Accusative of extent.
7	ἀπέχει	ἀπέχω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	θερμὰ	θερμός	ADJ	ADJ acc pl n	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 λουτρά	amod	high
9	λουτρά	λουτρόν	NOUN	ουσ ον πληθ ον	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἀπέχει	nsubj	high
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἀπέχει	punct	high
11	φασὶ	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	parataxis	high	New coordinated reporting clause.
12	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 φασὶ	cc	high
13	Ἀντιγόνου	Ἀντίγονος	PROPN	PROPN gen sg m	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 βασιλεύοντος	nsubj	high	Subject of the genitive absolute.
14	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	δατ/γεν εν αρσ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 Δημητρίου	det	high
15	Δημητρίου	Δημήτριος	PROPN	PROPN gen sg m	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀντιγόνου	appos	high	Patronymic/appositional name.
16	Μακεδόνων	Μακεδών	NOUN	ουσ γεν πληθ αρσ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 βασιλεύοντος	obj	high	Genitive object/territorial complement of βασιλεύω.
17	βασιλεύοντος	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAP-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	22 φανῆναι	advcl	high	Genitive absolute.
18	τότε	τότε	ADV	ADV	_	22 φανῆναι	advmod	high
19	πρῶτον	πρῶτος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Sup	22 φανῆναι	advmod	high	Adverbial superlative.
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	δατ/αιτ εν ουδ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 ὕδωρ	det	high
21	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	ουσ αιτ εν ουδ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 φανῆναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
22	φανῆναι	φαίνω	VERB	V-2AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	11 φασὶ	ccomp	high	Passive aorist infinitive, ‘to appear/be seen’.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 φανῆναι	punct	high
24	φανῆναι	φαίνω	VERB	V-2AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	11 φασὶ	ccomp	high	Second coordinated infinitival assertion.
25	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 φανῆναι	cc	high
26	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 ὕδωρ	advmod	high
27	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	ουσ ον ουδ	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 φανῆναι	pred	high	Predicate nominative with passive φαίνομαι/φαίνω construction.
28	εὐθὺς	εὐθύς	ADV	ADV	_	31 ἀναζέσαι	advmod	high
29	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 φανῆναι	cc	high	Introduces correction.
30	πῦρ	πῦρ	NOUN	ουσ ον ουδ	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 ἀναζέσαι	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀναζέσαι.
31	ἀναζέσαι	ἀναζέω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	24 φανῆναι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive after ἀλλά.
32	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	ADV	Degree=Pos	31 ἀναζέσαι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative.
33	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	35 γῆς	case	high
34	τῆς	ὁ	DET	δατ/γεν εν θηλ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	35 γῆς	det	high
35	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	ουσ γεν εν θηλ	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἀναζέσαι	obl	high
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἀναζέσαι	punct	high
37	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	39 τούτῳ	case	high	With dative: ‘after/upon’.
38	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	41 ῥυῆναι	cc	high
39	τούτῳ	οὗτος	PRON	δατ εν ουδ	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	40 μαρανθέντι	obl	high	Dative complement of ἐπί.
40	μαρανθέντι	μαραίνω	VERB	V-2AAP-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	41 ῥυῆναι	advcl	medium	Dative participle agreeing with τούτῳ; temporal/circumstantial.
41	ῥυῆναι	ῥέω	VERB	V-2APN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	24 φανῆναι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive: the water flowed.
42	τὸ	ὁ	DET	δατ/αιτ εν ουδ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	43 ὕδωρ	det	high
43	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	ουσ αιτ εν ουδ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	41 ῥυῆναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	41 ῥυῆναι	punct	high
45	ὃ	ὅς	PRON	REL acc sg n	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	50 ἄνεισι	obj	high	Relative pronoun, antecedent τὸ ὕδωρ; object of ἄνεισι.
46	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	50 ἄνεισι	advmod	high
47	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	50 ἄνεισι	cc	high	Scalar/additive particle.
48	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	49 ἡμᾶς	case	high
49	ἡμᾶς	ἐγώ	PRON	PERS acc pl	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	50 ἄνεισι	obl	high
50	ἄνεισι	ἄνειμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	41 ῥυῆναι	acl:relcl	high	Finite verb of the relative clause; subject is the omitted/relativized water.
51	θερμόν	θερμός	ADJ	ADJ acc sg n	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 ἄνεισι	xcomp	high	Predicative accusative agreeing with the relative object.
52	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	51 θερμόν	cc	high
53	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	55 ἁλμυρόν	cc	high
54	δεινῶς	δεινῶς	ADV	ADV	_	55 ἁλμυρόν	advmod	high
55	ἁλμυρόν	ἁλμυρός	ADJ	ADJ acc sg n	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	51 θερμόν	conj	high	Coordinated predicative adjective.
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἄνεισι	punct	high

Sentence 4

2.34.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 25
Input: 826
Output: 1,968
Total: 2,794

λουσαμένῳ δὲ ἐνταῦθα οὔτε ὕδωρ ἐστὶν ἐγγὺς ψυχρὸν οὔτε ἐσπεσόντα ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν ἀκινδύνως νήχεσθαι· θηρία γὰρ καὶ ἄλλα καὶ κύνας παρέχεται πλείστους.

The sentence has an understood dative subject/person with λουσαμένῳ; ὕδωρ ἐστὶν is existential, with ψυχρόν predicated of ὕδωρ. The second οὔτε coordinates an infinitival clause, while παρέχεται takes θηρία, ἄλλα, and κύνας as coordinated objects; πλείστους agrees with κύνας (and is semantically extended to the coordinated objects).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	λουσαμένῳ	λούω	VERB	V-2Aor-Mid-PTCP-Dat-Sg-Masc	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	6 ἐστὶν	advcl	medium	Aorist middle participle, likely circumstantial with an understood male dative referent.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐστὶν	cc	high
3	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	ADV	_	1 λουσαμένῳ	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying the bathing circumstance.
4	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐστὶν	cc	high	First member of οὔτε ... οὔτε.
5	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-Nom-Acc-Sg-Neut	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Existential subject.
6	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-Pres-Act-Ind-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	ἐγγὺς	ἐγγύς	ADV	ADV	_	6 ἐστὶν	advmod	high	Adverb meaning ‘nearby’; scope is the existential clause.
8	ψυχρὸν	ψυχρός	ADJ	A-Nom-Acc-Sg-Neut	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ὕδωρ	amod	medium	Predicative adjective agreeing with ὕδωρ; UD labels it amod because no separate predicative relation is assumed here.
9	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 νήχεσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the infinitival alternative with the first οὔτε clause.
10	ἐσπεσόντα	ἐμπίπτω	VERB	V-2Aor-Act-PTCP-Acc-Sg-Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	15 νήχεσθαι	advcl	medium	Aorist active accusative participle, dependent on the infinitive with an understood/implicit subject.
11	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	13 θάλασσαν	case	high
12	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-Acc-Sg-Fem	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 θάλασσαν	det	high
13	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-Acc-Sg-Fem	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐσπεσόντα	obl	high	Object of ἐς.
14	ἀκινδύνως	ἀκίνδυνος	ADV	ADV	_	15 νήχεσθαι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying νήχεσθαι.
15	νήχεσθαι	νήχομαι	VERB	V-Pres-Mid-Inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	6 ἐστὶν	conj	high	Infinitive coordinated with the existential alternative.
16	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐστὶν	punct	high
17	θηρία	θηρίον	NOUN	N-Nom-Acc-Pl-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	23 παρέχεται	obj	medium	Accusative object of παρέχεται; neuter plural form is syncretic with nominative.
18	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 παρέχεται	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory conjunction.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 ἄλλα	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλα with θηρία.
20	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-Nom-Acc-Pl-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 θηρία	conj	medium	Substantivized adjective, coordinated object.
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	22 κύνας	cc	high	Coordinates κύνας with the preceding objects.
22	κύνας	κύων	NOUN	N-Acc-Pl-Masc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 θηρία	conj	high	Coordinated accusative object.
23	παρέχεται	παρέχω	VERB	V-Pres-Mid-Ind-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	Finite explanatory clause after the punctuation; middle voice means ‘provides/affords’ or ‘has available’. Secondary root-like predicate attached paratactically.
24	πλείστους	πολύς	ADJ	A-Acc-Pl-Masc-Sup	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 κύνας	amod	medium	Superlative agreeing directly with κύνας; its scope may semantically extend over the coordinated objects.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	23 παρέχεται	punct	high

← 2.33.5 2.34.2 →