Grammar parses for passage 2.36.1
Open translation for this passage
κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ Μάσητα εὐθεῖαν προελθοῦσιν ἑπτά που σταδίους καὶ ἐς ἀριστερὰν ἐκτραπεῖσιν, ἐς Ἁλίκην ἐστὶν ὁδός.
Impersonal directional construction: προελθοῦσιν and ἐκτραπεῖσιν are dative plural participles agreeing with an understood traveler; ἐς Ἁλίκην is the goal of ἐστὶν ὁδός. The phrase ἐπὶ Μάσητα modifies εὐθεῖαν, with Μάσητα treated as a place-name in the accusative after ἐπί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 6 εὐθεῖαν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 εὐθεῖαν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 5 Μάσητα | case | high | |
| 5 | Μάσητα | Μάσητα | PROPN | N | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εὐθεῖαν | nmod | medium | Place-name; gender and declensional class are uncertain. |
| 6 | εὐθεῖαν | εὐθύς | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 προελθοῦσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the straight route’. |
| 7 | προελθοῦσιν | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Dative participle in an impersonal directional construction. |
| 8 | ἑπτά | ἑπτά | NUM | M | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 10 σταδίους | nummod | high | |
| 9 | που | πού | ADV | D | _ | 10 σταδίους | advmod | high | Enclitic approximate adverb, ‘about’. |
| 10 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 προελθοῦσιν | obl | high | Measure phrase. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 ἐκτραπεῖσιν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 13 ἀριστερὰν | case | high | |
| 13 | ἀριστερὰν | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐκτραπεῖσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘to the left’. |
| 14 | ἐκτραπεῖσιν | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | V-2APP-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 προελθοῦσιν | conj | high | Coordinated dative participle; passive morphology has directional/intransitive sense. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 17 Ἁλίκην | case | high | |
| 17 | Ἁλίκην | Ἁλίκη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Goal complement of the existential ἐστίν. |
| 18 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentational predicate. |
| 19 | ὁδός | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Postposed subject. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ Ἁλίκη τὰ μὲν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐστιν ἔρημος, ᾠκεῖτο δὲ καὶ αὕτη ποτέ,
The sentence contrasts present desolation (τὰ ἐφ’ ἡμῶν, ‘in our time’) with former habitation; ᾠκεῖτο is analyzed as an imperfect passive-form verb meaning ‘was inhabited’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἁλίκη | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἁλίκη | Ἁλίκη | PROPN | NE-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Place name, subject of ἐστιν. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐφʼ | obl | medium | Substantivized article with μέν, introducing the μεν-clause. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 4 τὰ | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 6 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 7 ἡμῶν | case | high | ἐπί governing genitive ἡμῶν. |
| 7 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | RP-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate. |
| 9 | ἔρημος | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-NFS | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 8 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Imperfect passive or middle-form verb, coordinated with the present clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D- | Polarity=Pos | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Adverbial 'also'. |
| 14 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | RD-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾠκεῖτο. |
| 15 | ποτέ | ποτε | ADV | D- | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | advmod | high | Indefinite temporal adverb, 'once'. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high |
καὶ Ἁλικῶν λόγος ἐν στήλαις ἐστὶ ταῖς Ἐπιδαυρίων αἳ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ τὰ ἰάματα ἐγγεγραμμένα ἔχουσιν· ἄλλο δὲ σύγγραμμα οὐδὲν οἶδα ἀξιόχρεων, ἔνθα ἢ πόλεως Ἁλίκης ἢ ἀνδρῶν ἐστιν Ἁλικῶν μνήμη.
The first clause has λόγος as subject of ἐστὶ; the relative clause modifies the stelae and uses a resultative perfect participle with ἔχουσιν. The second clause contains οἶδα with σύγγραμμα as object and a content clause headed by μνήμη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 λόγος | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἁλικῶν | Ἁλίκη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 λόγος | nmod | medium | Genitive of association/source: the account of Halice. |
| 3 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 5 στήλαις | case | high | |
| 5 | στήλαις | στήλη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστὶ | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Ἐπιδαυρίων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἐπιδαυρίων | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στήλαις | nmod | high | Substantivized/elliptical genitive with στήλαις. |
| 9 | αἳ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 ἔχουσιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun agreeing with implied feminine στήλαι. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἰάματα | nmod | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἰάματα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἰάματα | ἴαμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγγεγραμμένα | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἐγγεγραμμένα | ἐγγράφω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἔχουσιν | xcomp | high | Perfect passive participle with ἔχουσιν, predicate/resultative. |
| 15 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 αἳ | acl:relcl | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 σύγγραμμα | amod | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 οἶδα | cc | high | |
| 19 | σύγγραμμα | σύγγραμμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 οἶδα | obj | high | |
| 20 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 σύγγραμμα | amod | medium | Could be analyzed as an attributive negative quantifier modifying σύγγραμμα. |
| 21 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστὶ | parataxis | high | Second coordinated clause after punctuation. |
| 22 | ἀξιόχρεων | ἀξιόχρεως | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 σύγγραμμα | amod | high | Predicative/qualifying adjective for σύγγραμμα. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 οἶδα | punct | high | |
| 24 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | _ | _ | 32 μνήμη | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing a clause specifying the content/location of the memory. |
| 25 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 πόλεως | cc | high | |
| 26 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 μνήμη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνήμη. |
| 27 | Ἁλίκης | Ἁλίκη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 πόλεως | nmod | high | Appositional genitive specifying the city. |
| 28 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἀνδρῶν | cc | high | |
| 29 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 μνήμη | nmod | high | Second coordinated genitive dependent on μνήμη. |
| 30 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 32 μνήμη | cop | high | Copula in μνήμη ἐστιν Ἁλικῶν. |
| 31 | Ἁλικῶν | Ἁλικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἀνδρῶν | amod | high | Adjectival modifier: Halic men. |
| 32 | μνήμη | μνήμη | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 οἶδα | ccomp | high | Content clause under οἶδα, with ἔνθα introducing its specification. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 οἶδα | punct | high |
ἔστι δʼ οὖν ὁδὸς καὶ ἐς ταύτην, τοῦ τε Πρωνὸς μέση καὶ ὄρους ἑτέρου Θόρνακος καλουμένου τὸ ἀρχαῖον· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Διὸς ἐς κόκκυγα τὸν ὄρνιθα ἀλλαγῆς λεγομένης ἐνταῦθα γενέσθαι μετονομασθῆναι τὸ ὄρος φασίν.
The sentence contains two coordinated main assertions: an existential ἔστι ὁδός clause and φασίν with an accusative-and-infinitive construction; λεγομένης ἀλλαγῆς is a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ὁδὸς | cop | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὁδὸς | discourse | high | Enclitic form of δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὁδὸς | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominal/existential subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὁδὸς | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ταύτην | case | high | |
| 7 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὁδὸς | punct | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Πρωνὸς | det | high | |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Πρωνὸς | cc | high | |
| 11 | Πρωνὸς | Πρωνός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 μέση | nmod | high | |
| 12 | μέση | μέσος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὁδὸς | conj | medium | Predicative adjective: the road runs midway between the P[r]onos and another mountain. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 μέση | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 μέση | nmod | high | Second genitive complement of μέση. |
| 15 | ἑτέρου | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ὄρους | amod | high | |
| 16 | Θόρνακος | Θόρναξ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὄρους | nmod | medium | Proper name in genitive, appositional to ὄρους; form is orthographically ambiguous. |
| 17 | καλουμένου | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 14 ὄρους | acl | high | Agrees with ὄρους. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 19 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 καλουμένου | advmod | medium | Substantivized accusative adverbial phrase, ‘in ancient times’; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὁδὸς | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 Διὸς | case | high | |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 φασίν | cc | high | |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἀλλαγῆς | det | high | |
| 24 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἀλλαγῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀλλαγῆς. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 κόκκυγα | case | high | |
| 26 | κόκκυγα | κόκκυξ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἀλλαγῆς | nmod | high | Goal/object of the change, governed by ἐς. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ὄρνιθα | det | high | |
| 28 | ὄρνιθα | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 κόκκυγα | appos | high | Apposition to κόκκυγα. |
| 29 | ἀλλαγῆς | ἀλλαγή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 λεγομένης | obl | high | Genitive absolute with λεγομένης. |
| 30 | λεγομένης | λέγω | VERB | V-PPM-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 36 φασίν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute: ‘the change being said to have occurred here’. |
| 31 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 32 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 32 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 30 λεγομένης | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of λεγομένης. |
| 33 | μετονομασθῆναι | μετονομάζω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 36 φασίν | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of φασίν. |
| 34 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 35 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 μετονομασθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 36 | φασίν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause; first clause is coordinated/independent. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 36 φασίν | punct | high |