Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.37.3

← 2.37.2 2.37.4 →

Passage 2.37.3

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

102Greek tokens

3,258input tokens

7,355output tokens

Sentence 1

2.37.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 54
Input: 1,100
Output: 3,833
Total: 4,933

ἃ δὲ ἤκουσα ἐπὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ γεγράφθαι τῇ πεποιημένῃ τοῦ ὀρειχάλκου, οὐδὲ ταῦτα ὄντα Φιλάμμωνος Ἀρριφῶν εὗρε, τὸ μὲν ἀνέκαθεν Τρικωνιεὺς τῶν ἐν Αἰτωλίᾳ, τὰ δὲ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν Λυκίων τοῖς μάλιστα ὁμοίως δόκιμος, δεινὸς δὲ ἐξευρεῖν ἃ μή τις πρότερον εἶδε, καὶ δὴ καὶ ταῦτα φωράσας ἐπὶ τῷδε.

The sentence has a relative object clause (ἃ ... ἤκουσα) and an elliptical coordinated description of Ἀρριφῶν; ἐπὶ τῷδε likely introduces the circumstance or basis of his discovery. The linkage of the participial phrase ὄντα ... is syntactically somewhat compressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἃ	ὅς	PRON	R-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	3 ἤκουσα	obj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 εὗρε	cc	high
3	ἤκουσα	ἀκούω	VERB	V-IAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	18 εὗρε	ccomp	high	Finite verb governing the infinitive γεγράφθαι.
4	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	6 καρδίᾳ	case	high
5	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-SDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 καρδίᾳ	det	high
6	καρδίᾳ	καρδία	NOUN	N-SDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 γεγράφθαι	obl	high	Dative with ἐπί, location/surface.
7	γεγράφθαι	γράφω	VERB	V-RAN	Tense=Perfect\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	3 ἤκουσα	xcomp	high
8	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-SDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 πεποιημένῃ	det	high
9	πεποιημένῃ	ποιέω	VERB	V-RMPDSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perfect\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	6 καρδίᾳ	acl	high	Participial modifier of καρδίᾳ.
10	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-SMG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 ὀρειχάλκου	det	high
11	ὀρειχάλκου	ὀρείχαλκος	NOUN	N-SMG	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 πεποιημένῃ	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on πεποιημένῃ, material/content relation.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 εὗρε	punct	high
13	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 εὗρε	cc	high	Coordinates the negative continuation.
14	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	D-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	15 ὄντα	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of the infinitival/participial predicate ὄντα.
15	ὄντα	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAPN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 εὗρε	xcomp	medium	Compressed accusative-and-participial construction: ταῦτα ὄντα Φιλάμμωνος.
16	Φιλάμμωνος	Φιλάμμων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Prs\|Number=Sing	15 ὄντα	obl	medium	Genitive of possession/attribution with ὄντα.
17	Ἀρριφῶν	Ἀρριφῶν	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Prs\|Number=Sing	18 εὗρε	nsubj	high
18	εὗρε	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 εὗρε	punct	high
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-SNA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 Τρικωνιεὺς	det	high	Substantivizing article for the first item in an τὸ μέν ... τὰ δέ contrast.
21	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	23 Τρικωνιεὺς	discourse	high
22	ἀνέκαθεν	ἀνέκαθεν	ADV	D--------	AdvType=Loc	23 Τρικωνιεὺς	advmod	high
23	Τρικωνιεὺς	Τρικωνιεὺς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Geo\|Number=Sing	36 δόκιμος	nsubj	medium	Predicative nominative in the elliptical characterization of Ἀρριφῶν.
24	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-PGM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	26 Αἰτωλίᾳ	det	high
25	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	26 Αἰτωλίᾳ	case	high
26	Αἰτωλίᾳ	Αἰτωλία	PROPN	N-SF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|NameType=Geo\|Number=Sing	23 Τρικωνιεὺς	nmod	high	Place phrase specifying τῶν ...; ἐν Αἰτωλίᾳ is attached to the substantival group.
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	36 δόκιμος	punct	high
28	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L-PNA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	36 δόκιμος	obj	medium	Substantivized article, paired with τὸ μέν.
29	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	36 δόκιμος	cc	high
30	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	31 ἡμῶν	case	high
31	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1GP	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	28 τὰ	nmod	high	Genitive with ἐπί in the temporal sense.
32	Λυκίων	Λύκιος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	36 δόκιμος	nsubj	medium	Likely ethnonym/adjectival predicate, coordinated conceptually with Τρικωνιεὺς; the form is nominative singular masculine.
33	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L-PDM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	36 δόκιμος	obl	medium	Article introducing a dative superlative phrase.
34	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	AdvType=Deg\|Degree=Sup	35 ὁμοίως	advmod	high
35	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	D--------	AdvType=Man	36 δόκιμος	advmod	medium	Adverbial comparison, probably with δόκιμος.
36	δόκιμος	δόκιμος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 εὗρε	conj	medium	Elliptical predicate adjective describing Ἀρριφῶν.
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	36 δόκιμος	punct	high
38	δεινὸς	δεινός	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 εὗρε	conj	high	Further elliptical predicate adjective of Ἀρριφῶν.
39	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	38 δεινὸς	cc	high
40	ἐξευρεῖν	ἐξευρίσκω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	38 δεινὸς	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of δεινός.
41	ἃ	ὅς	PRON	R-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	40 ἐξευρεῖν	obj	high
42	μή	μή	PART	T--------	Polarity=Neg	45 εἶδε	advmod	high
43	τις	τις	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	45 εἶδε	nsubj	high
44	πρότερον	πρότερον	ADV	D--------	AdvType=Tim	45 εἶδε	advmod	high
45	εἶδε	ὁράω	VERB	V-2AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Act	41 ἃ	acl:relcl	high
46	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	38 δεινὸς	punct	high
47	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	51 φωράσας	cc	high
48	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	51 φωράσας	discourse	high
49	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	51 φωράσας	advmod	high	Correlative/emphatic καί.
50	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	D-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	51 φωράσας	obj	high
51	φωράσας	φωράω	VERB	V-AAPNSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	38 δεινὸς	advcl	high	Aorist participle, subject coreferential with Ἀρριφῶν.
52	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	53 τῷδε	case	high
53	τῷδε	ὅδε	PRON	D-SDM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	51 φωράσας	obl	low	Dative demonstrative with ἐπί; semantic relation is compressed/uncertain.
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	18 εὗρε	punct	high

Sentence 2

2.37.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 18
Input: 709
Output: 1,335
Total: 2,044

τὰ ἔπη, καὶ ὅσα οὐ μετὰ μέτρου μεμιγμένα ἦν τοῖς ἔπεσι, τὰ πάντα Δωριστὶ ἐπεποίητο·

The sentence has coordinated accusative objects ἔπη and τὰ πάντα of ἐπεποίητο; ὅσα μεμιγμένα ἦν τοῖς ἔπεσι is an intervening relative/predicative qualification.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	2 ἔπη	det	high
2	ἔπη	ἔπος	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἐπεποίητο	obj	high	First coordinated accusative object/topic.
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2 ἔπη	punct	high
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	14 τὰ	cc	high	Coordinates the first accusative phrase with ὅσα ... τὰ πάντα.
5	ὅσα	ὅσος	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 μεμιγμένα	nsubj:pass	medium	Relative pronoun, subject of the passive participle phrase.
6	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	Polarity=Neg	17 ἐπεποίητο	advmod	high
7	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R	_	8 μέτρου	case	high
8	μέτρου	μέτρον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 μεμιγμένα	obl	high	Genitive governed by μετὰ in the sense 'with measure'.
9	μεμιγμένα	μείγνυμι	VERB	V-RPP-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	10 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Perfect passive participle, predicative with ὅσα and governed by ἦν.
10	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IXI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	17 ἐπεποίητο	ccomp	medium	Imperfect εἰμί with plural neuter subject, conventionally singular.
11	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 ἔπεσι	det	high
12	ἔπεσι	ἔπος	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 μεμιγμένα	obl	high	Dative of association with μεμιγμένα.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἔπεσι	punct	high
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 πάντα	det	high
15	πάντα	πᾶς	PRON	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἐπεποίητο	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ἔπη as object of ἐπεποίητο.
16	Δωριστὶ	Δωριστί	ADV	D	_	17 ἐπεποίητο	advmod	high	Adverb meaning 'in the Doric dialect'.
17	ἐπεποίητο	ποιέω	VERB	V-LMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plup\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Pluperfect middle/passive form; middle sense 'had been composed/written'.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἐπεποίητο	punct	high

Sentence 3

2.37.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 15
Input: 734
Output: 1,059
Total: 1,793

πρὶν δὲ Ἡρακλείδας κατελθεῖν ἐς Πελοπόννησον, τὴν αὐτὴν ἠφίεσαν Ἀθηναίοις οἱ Ἀργεῖοι φωνήν·

πρίν with the infinitive κατελθεῖν forms a temporal subordinate clause; Ἡρακλείδας is the accusative subject of the infinitive. In the main clause, τὴν αὐτὴν ... φωνήν is the accusative object, with οἱ Ἀργεῖοι as subject and Ἀθηναίοις as recipient.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πρὶν	πρίν	SCONJ	ADV	_	4 κατελθεῖν	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 ἠφίεσαν	cc	high
3	Ἡρακλείδας	Ἡρακλείδης	PROPN	N-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 κατελθεῖν	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
4	κατελθεῖν	κατέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	10 ἠφίεσαν	advcl	high
5	ἐς	ἐς	ADP	PREP	_	6 Πελοπόννησον	case	high
6	Πελοπόννησον	Πελοπόννησος	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 κατελθεῖν	obl	high
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἠφίεσαν	punct	high
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 αὐτὴν	det	high
9	αὐτὴν	αὐτός	ADJ	A-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 φωνήν	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying φωνήν.
10	ἠφίεσαν	ἀφίημι	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Imperfect indicative; object is τὴν αὐτὴν ... φωνήν.
11	Ἀθηναίοις	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	N-DMP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἠφίεσαν	iobj	high
12	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 Ἀργεῖοι	det	high
13	Ἀργεῖοι	Ἀργεῖος	PROPN	A-NMP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἠφίεσαν	nsubj	high
14	φωνήν	φωνή	NOUN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἠφίεσαν	obj	high
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἠφίεσαν	punct	high

Sentence 4

2.37.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 15
Input: 715
Output: 1,128
Total: 1,843

ἐπὶ δὲ Φιλάμμωνος οὐδὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῶν Δωριέων ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν ἐς ἅπαντας ἠκούετο Ἕλληνας.

The construction is somewhat compressed: ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν is parenthetical, while εἰς ἅπαντας Ἕλληνας expresses the range over which the name was heard.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	13 ἠκούετο	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive name.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 ἠκούετο	cc	high
3	Φιλάμμωνος	Φιλάμμων	PROPN	NPM-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἠκούετο	obl	high	Genitive temporal circumstance with ἐπί.
4	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ὄνομα	cc	high	Negative additive coordinator introducing the subject phrase.
5	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ὄνομα	det	high
6	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ἠκούετο	nsubj	high	Subject of ἠκούετο.
7	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 Δωριέων	det	high
8	Δωριέων	Δωριεύς	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ὄνομα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὄνομα.
9	ἐμοὶ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1DS	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	10 δοκεῖν	iobj	medium	Dative with δοκεῖν, ‘to me’; parser attachment may alternatively be adverbial.
10	δοκεῖν	δοκέω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	13 ἠκούετο	parataxis	medium	Parenthetical/evidential infinitive, ‘it seems to me’; exact attachment is interpretive.
11	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	12 ἅπαντας	case	high	Preposition governing the accusative.
12	ἅπαντας	ἅπας	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 Ἕλληνας	amod	high	Substantivized adjective modifying Ἕλληνας.
13	ἠκούετο	ἀκούω	VERB	V-IMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Middle/passive-form imperfect; likely ‘was heard’ with ὄνομα as subject.
14	Ἕλληνας	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἠκούετο	obl	medium	Accusative extent/distribution phrase with εἰς; token may be treated as common noun rather than proper name.
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἠκούετο	punct	high

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