Grammar parses for passage 2.37.4
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἀπέφαινεν οὕτως ἔχοντα,
The object ταῦτα is accompanied by the predicative participle ἔχοντα, with οὕτως modifying the participle; the exact semantic relation is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 ἀπέφαινεν | obj | high | Neuter plural demonstrative, functioning as the object of ἀπέφαινεν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 ταῦτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle; the expected δέ is outside this token sequence. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἀπέφαινεν | discourse | high | Emphatic/assertive particle. |
| 4 | ἀπέφαινεν | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect active indicative, third singular; the subject is implicit. |
| 5 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | D | _ | 6 ἔχοντα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔχοντα. |
| 6 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπέφαινεν | xcomp | medium | Present active participle, neuter nominative plural, predicative/complementary to the object ταῦτα. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπέφαινεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τῆς δὲ Ἀμυμώνης πέφυκεν ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ πλάτανος· ὑπὸ ταύτῃ τὴν ὕδραν τραφῆναι τῇ πλατάνῳ φασίν.
Two clauses: πλάτανος is the subject of πέφυκεν, with τῆς Ἀμυμώνης genitive of source/association and ἐπὶ τῇ πηγῇ locative; the infinitive τραφῆναι is an accusative-and-infinitive complement of φασίν, with τὴν ὕδραν as its subject and τῇ πλατάνῳ as dative of means/association. ὑπὸ ταύτῃ is locative ‘under it’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GFS- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀμυμώνης | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 πέφυκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀμυμώνης | Ἀμυμώνη | PROPN | Ne----G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πέφυκεν | nmod | medium | Genitive construed with the growing plane tree, likely source/association. |
| 4 | πέφυκεν | φύω | VERB | V3SRAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect πέφυκεν has stative sense ‘has grown/is growing’. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 πηγῇ | case | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DFS- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πηγῇ | det | high | |
| 7 | πηγῇ | πηγή | NOUN | N----DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πέφυκεν | obl | high | Locative adjunct with ἐπί. |
| 8 | πλάτανος | πλάτανος | NOUN | N---NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πέφυκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πέφυκεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ταύτῃ | case | high | |
| 11 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 τραφῆναι | obl | medium | Dative demonstrative under ὑπό; antecedent is πλάτανος. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AFS- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδραν | det | high | |
| 13 | ὕδραν | ὕδρα | NOUN | N----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τραφῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | τραφῆναι | τρέφω | VERB | V--ANP--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 17 φασίν | ccomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, ‘to have been nourished/raised’. |
| 15 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DFS- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πλατάνῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | πλατάνῳ | πλάτανος | NOUN | N----DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τραφῆναι | iobj | medium | Dative of means/association; exact semantic role is somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | φασίν | φημί | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Reporting verb for the infinitival clause; coordinated/paratactic with the preceding clause. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φασίν | punct | high |
ἐγὼ δὲ τὸ θηρίον πείθομαι τοῦτο καὶ μεγέθει διενεγκεῖν ὑδρῶν ἄλλων καὶ τὸν ἰὸν οὕτω δή τι ἔχειν ἀνίατον ὡς τὸν Ἡρακλέα ἀπὸ τῆς χολῆς αὐτοῦ τὰς ἀκίδας φαρμακεῦσαι τῶν ὀιστῶν·
The sentence has coordinated infinitival complements of πείθομαι: διενεγκεῖν and ἔχειν, with φαρμακεῦσαι supplying the ὡς comparative example; τοῦτο is analyzed as the accusative subject of διενεγκεῖν, but its appositional relation to τὸ θηρίον is possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 5 πείθομαι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 πείθομαι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 θηρίον | det | high | |
| 4 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πείθομαι | obj | high | |
| 5 | πείθομαι | πείθω | VERB | V1SPI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice, with infinitival complements. |
| 6 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 διενεγκεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive is possible, though τοῦτο may also be appositional to τὸ θηρίον. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 διενεγκεῖν | cc | high | |
| 8 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-SND | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 διενεγκεῖν | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure. |
| 9 | διενεγκεῖν | διαφέρω | VERB | V--ANA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 πείθομαι | xcomp | high | |
| 10 | ὑδρῶν | ὕδρα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἄλλων | nmod | high | |
| 11 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 διενεγκεῖν | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison with διενεγκεῖν; ὑδρῶν is dependent on ἄλλων. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 ἔχειν | cc | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἰὸν | det | high | |
| 14 | ἰὸν | ἰός | NOUN | N-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχειν | obj | high | |
| 15 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 18 ἔχειν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | δή | δή | PART | X--------- | _ | 15 οὕτω | discourse | high | |
| 17 | τι | τις | PRON | P-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνίατον | advmod | medium | Indefinite accusative used adverbially: ‘in some respect/at all’. |
| 18 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 διενεγκεῖν | conj | high | |
| 19 | ἀνίατον | ἀνίατος | ADJ | A-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχειν | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative agreeing with τὸν ἰόν. |
| 20 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 29 φαρμακεῦσαι | mark | medium | Introduces the comparative explanatory clause/phrase. |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ἡρακλέα | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 φαρμακεῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 25 χολῆς | case | high | |
| 24 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 χολῆς | det | high | |
| 25 | χολῆς | χολή | NOUN | N-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 φαρμακεῦσαι | obl | high | |
| 26 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 χολῆς | nmod | high | |
| 27 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 ἀκίδας | det | high | |
| 28 | ἀκίδας | ἀκίς | NOUN | N-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 φαρμακεῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 29 | φαρμακεῦσαι | φαρμακεύω | VERB | V--ANA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἔχειν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the ὡς comparative example. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-PGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ὀιστῶν | det | high | |
| 31 | ὀιστῶν | ὀιστός | NOUN | N-PGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἀκίδας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀκίδας: the arrow-points. |
| 32 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 πείθομαι | punct | high |
κεφαλὴν δὲ εἶχεν ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν μίαν καὶ οὐ πλείονας, Πείσανδρος δὲ ὁ Καμιρεύς, ἵνα τὸ θηρίον τε δοκοίη φοβερώτερον καὶ αὐτῷ γίνηται ἡ ποίησις ἀξιόχρεως μᾶλλον, ἀντὶ τούτων τὰς κεφαλὰς ἐποίησε τῇ ὕδρᾳ τὰς πολλάς.
The sentence contrasts the speaker's claim that the Hydra had one head with Peisander's artistic multiplication of the heads; ἵνα coordinates two purpose predicates, with δοκοίη taking accusative predicate φοβερώτερον and γίνηται taking nominative subject ἡ ποίησις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεφαλὴν | κεφαλή | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἶχεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 εἶχεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | v3siia--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | p1s---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 5 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative with δοκεῖν, expressing the speaker's judgment. |
| 5 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | v--pan--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 εἶχεν | advcl | medium | Infinitive parenthetically/absolutely used with ἐμοί. |
| 6 | μίαν | εἷς | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεφαλὴν | amod | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 πλείονας | cc | high | |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 πλείονας | advmod | high | |
| 9 | πλείονας | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 κεφαλὴν | conj | high | Contrasted coordinate accusative with μίαν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἶχεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | Πείσανδρος | Πείσανδρος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 34 ἐποίησε | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Καμιρεύς | det | high | |
| 14 | Καμιρεύς | Καμιρεύς | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Πείσανδρος | appos | high | Ethnic/place designation in apposition to Πείσανδρος. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Πείσανδρος | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἵνα | ἵνα | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 34 ἐποίησε | mark | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 θηρίον | det | high | |
| 18 | θηρίον | θηρίον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 δοκοίη | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive-like optative construction. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 δοκοίη | cc | medium | Correlative τε links the two purpose-clause predicates. |
| 20 | δοκοίη | δοκέω | VERB | v3spoa--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 γίνηται | conj | high | Optative in purpose clause. |
| 21 | φοβερώτερον | φοβερός | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 δοκοίη | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with δοκοίη. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 24 γίνηται | cc | high | |
| 23 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 γίνηται | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference. |
| 24 | γίνηται | γίγνομαι | VERB | v3spsm--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 34 ἐποίησε | conj | high | Second coordinated purpose-clause predicate. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ποίησις | det | high | |
| 26 | ποίησις | ποίησις | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 γίνηται | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | ἀξιόχρεως | ἀξιόχρεως | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 γίνηται | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with γίνηται. |
| 28 | μᾶλλον | μάλα | ADV | d-------- | Degree=Cmp | 27 ἀξιόχρεως | advmod | high | |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησε | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 31 τούτων | case | high | |
| 31 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | p-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 κεφαλὰς | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ἀντί; refers to the previously mentioned single heads. |
| 32 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 κεφαλὰς | det | high | |
| 33 | κεφαλὰς | κεφαλή | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 34 ἐποίησε | obj | high | |
| 34 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | v3s a ia--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second coordinated clause; token 3 is the preceding coordinated verb. |
| 35 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ὕδρᾳ | det | high | |
| 36 | ὕδρᾳ | ὕδρα | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἐποίησε | iobj | high | Dative object/recipient with ἐποίησε. |
| 37 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 38 πολλάς | det | high | |
| 38 | πολλάς | πολύς | ADJ | a-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 κεφαλὰς | amod | high | Adjectival modifier meaning numerous/many. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησε | punct | high |