Grammar parses for passage 2.37.6
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τόδε ἤκουσα ἄλλο· τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς λίμνης ὡς ἰδόντα εἰκάσαι γαληνόν ἐστι καὶ ἠρεμαῖον, παρεχόμενον δὲ ὄψιν τοιαύτην διανήχεσθαι τολμήσαντα πάντα τινὰ καθέλκειν πέφυκε καὶ ἐς βυθὸν ὑπολαβὸν ἀπήνεγκε.
The passage contains a compressed sequence of infinitives and accusative participles; attachment of ἰδόντα, τολμήσαντα, and especially ὑπολαβόν is uncertain, while the broad syntax describes the lake water as calm yet dangerous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἤκουσα | cc | high | |
| 2 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Accusative-like object with ἤκουσα; formally nominative/accusative neuter singular. |
| 3 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-IAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 τόδε | amod | medium | Neuter substantive/adjectival apposition to τόδε. |
| 5 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἤκουσα | punct | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 7 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι, with the following infinitival construction as predicative description. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 λίμνης | det | high | |
| 9 | λίμνης | λίμνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 εἰκάσαι | mark | medium | Introduces the explanatory infinitival phrase. |
| 11 | ἰδόντα | ὁράω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 εἰκάσαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle with implicit/general subject, associated with εἰκάσαι. |
| 12 | εἰκάσαι | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐστι | csubj | medium | Infinitival subject/explanatory complement of ἐστι. |
| 13 | γαληνόν | γαληνός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εἰκάσαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective in the infinitival construction; agreement with τὸ ὕδωρ. |
| 14 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἤκουσα | ccomp | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἠρεμαῖον | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἠρεμαῖον | ἠρεμαῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εἰκάσαι | conj | medium | Coordinates with γαληνόν as a second predicate. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 18 | παρεχόμενον | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ὕδωρ | advcl | high | Participial adjunct agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 παρεχόμενον | cc | high | |
| 20 | ὄψιν | ὄψις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 παρεχόμενον | obj | high | |
| 21 | τοιαύτην | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 ὄψιν | amod | high | |
| 22 | διανήχεσθαι | διανήχομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 18 παρεχόμενον | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complementary to παρεχόμενον: presenting such an appearance as to swim across. |
| 23 | τολμήσαντα | τολμάω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 καθέλκειν | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, subject/object-controlled in the infinitival sequence. |
| 24 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 τινὰ | amod | high | |
| 25 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | PI-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 23 τολμήσαντα | obj | high | With πάντα, ‘anyone/every person’. |
| 26 | καθέλκειν | καθέλκω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 27 πέφυκε | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by πέφυκε. |
| 27 | πέφυκε | φύω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 παρεχόμενον | conj | medium | Perfect-form verb with present force, coordinated with the participial predication. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἀπήνεγκε | cc | high | |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 30 βυθὸν | case | high | |
| 30 | βυθὸν | βυθός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἀπήνεγκε | obl | high | |
| 31 | ὑπολαβὸν | ὑπολαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ἀπήνεγκε | advcl | low | Form is morphologically neuter accusative; construction and attachment are uncertain in context. |
| 32 | ἀπήνεγκε | ἀποφέρω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 27 πέφυκε | conj | medium | Coordinates with πέφυκε; understood subject is the water, with τινά as affected person. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἀπήνεγκε | punct | high |
περίοδος δὲ τῆς λίμνης ἐστὶν οὐ πολλή, ἀλλὰ ὅσον τε σταδίου τρίτον· ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτῆς πόα καὶ σχοῖνοι πεφύκασι.
The first clause has περίοδος as subject of copular ἐστίν, with τῆς λίμνης as a genitive dependent; ὅσον τε σταδίου τρίτον is an elliptical measure phrase after ἀλλά. In the second clause, πόα and σχοῖνοι are coordinated subjects of πεφύκασι, while ἐπί plus dative marks location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περίοδος | περίοδος | NOUN | N-f-3-1 | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-d-f-s-g | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 λίμνης | det | high | |
| 4 | λίμνης | λίμνη | NOUN | N-f-3-1 | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 περίοδος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on περίοδος. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 7 πολλή | advmod | high | |
| 7 | πολλή | πολύς | ADJ | A-f-1a-3 | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with omitted copular complement understood. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Introduces corrective measure phrase. |
| 10 | ὅσον | ὅσος | PRON | P-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τρίτον | advmod | medium | Neuter measure expression, elliptical in syntax. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | PRT | _ | 10 ὅσον | discourse | medium | Correlative/enclitic particle within the measure phrase. |
| 12 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N-n-2-2 | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τρίτον | nmod | high | Partitive/measure genitive. |
| 13 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-n-1a-3 | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | conj | medium | Substantivized/elliptical measure expression; syntactically coordinated with the preceding predicate phrase. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 χείλεσιν | case | high | Takes the dative here. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 πεφύκασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-d-n-p-d | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 χείλεσιν | det | high | |
| 18 | χείλεσιν | χεῖλος | NOUN | N-n-3u-d-p | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 πόα | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί, marking location. |
| 19 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---gf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 χείλεσιν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive referring to the lake. |
| 20 | πόα | πόα | NOUN | N-f-1a-1 | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πεφύκασι | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 σχοῖνοι | cc | high | |
| 22 | σχοῖνοι | σχοῖνος | NOUN | N-m-2-1 | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πόα | conj | high | Coordinated subject; plural agreement with πεφύκασι. |
| 23 | πεφύκασι | φύω | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second clause; plural agreement with coordinated subjects. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 πεφύκασι | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς αὐτὴν Διονύσῳ δρώμενα ἐν νυκτὶ κατὰ ἔτος ἕκαστον οὐχ ὅσιον ἐς ἅπαντας ἦν μοι γράψαι.
Impersonal ἦν with predicative ὅσιον governs the infinitive γράψαι; τὰ ... δρώμενα is the neuter plural topic/subject, with ἐς αὐτήν marking reference and Διονύσῳ the agent-like dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 δρώμενα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 δρώμενα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 αὐτὴν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P---AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 6 δρώμενα | obl | medium | Reference/direction: ‘concerning/to it’ (the preceding feminine referent). |
| 5 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δρώμενα | obl:agent | medium | Dative associated with the rites performed for Dionysus; agent-like interpretation. |
| 6 | δρώμενα | δράω | VERB | V-PPPNPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 ἦν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural participle substantivized with τὰ. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 8 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 δρώμενα | obl | high | |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἔτος | case | high | Temporal distributive use. |
| 10 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 δρώμενα | obl | high | With κατά: every year. |
| 11 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | DET | A---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔτος | det | high | |
| 12 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 13 ὅσιον | advmod | high | Sandhi form before rough breathing. |
| 13 | ὅσιον | ὅσιος | ADJ | A---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἦν | xcomp | high | Impersonal predicative adjective: ‘it was not permissible’; number is singular despite plural infinitival content. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἅπαντας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 15 | ἅπαντας | ἅπας | PRON | P---AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 γράψαι | obl | high | ‘for everyone/all’; substantival adjective. |
| 16 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal copular predicate. |
| 17 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P---DS-1 | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 18 γράψαι | iobj | medium | Dative of the person for whom writing is/was not permissible. |
| 18 | γράψαι | γράφω | VERB | V-2AAN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ὅσιον | csubj | high | Infinitival content subject of impersonal ὅσιον ἦν; ἐς ἅπαντας and μοι attach semantically here. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἦν | punct | high |