Grammar parses for passage 2.37.5
Open translation for this passage
εἶδον δὲ καὶ πηγὴν Ἀμφιαράου καλουμένην καὶ τὴν Ἀλκυονίαν λίμνην, διʼ ἧς φασιν Ἀργεῖοι Διόνυσον ἐς τὸν Ἅιδην ἐλθεῖν Σεμέλην ἀνάξοντα, τὴν δὲ ταύτῃ κάθοδον δεῖξαί οἱ Πόλυμνον.
The sentence has coordinated infinitival clauses under φασιν: Dionysus is said to have gone to Hades to bring Semele back, and to have shown Polymnus the descent; the dative οἱ is interpreted as referring to Dionysus.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAI-1S/3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing,Plur|Person=1,3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active form is syncretic: first singular or third plural; context favors first singular. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἶδον | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 πηγὴν | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects. |
| 4 | πηγὴν | πηγή | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 εἶδον | obj | high | |
| 5 | Ἀμφιαράου | Ἀμφιαράος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πηγὴν | nmod | high | Genitive of association/name. |
| 6 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 πηγὴν | acl | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 λίμνην | cc | high | Coordinates the second object with πηγὴν. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 λίμνην | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλκυονίαν | Ἀλκυονία | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 λίμνην | compound | high | Proper-name modifier of λίμνην. |
| 10 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 εἶδον | obj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἶδον | punct | high | |
| 12 | διʼ | διά | ADP | P-GEN | _ | 13 ἧς | case | high | Elided form διά; governs the genitive relative pronoun. |
| 13 | ἧς | ὅς | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φασιν | obl | high | Relative pronoun, object of διά; relative clause modifies λίμνην. |
| 14 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 εἶδον | parataxis | high | Parenthetical reporting verb introducing an accusato-infinitive construction. |
| 15 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 φασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | Διόνυσον | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐλθεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-ACC | _ | 19 Ἅιδην | case | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἅιδην | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἅιδην | Ἅιδης | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 20 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect discourse after φασιν. |
| 21 | Σεμέλην | Σεμέλη | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀνάξοντα | obj | high | Object of the prospective participle ἀνάξοντα. |
| 22 | ἀνάξοντα | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-2AAP-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐλθεῖν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Διόνυσον; purpose/result nuance (‘to bring back’). |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κάθοδον | det | high | |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 κάθοδον | cc | high | Connective δέ within the second infinitival clause. |
| 26 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | ADV | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κάθοδον | advmod | medium | Dative adverbial ‘by/through this [way]’; alternatively a demonstrative pronoun used adverbially. |
| 27 | κάθοδον | κάθοδος | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 δεῖξαί | obj | high | Object of δεῖξαι. |
| 28 | δεῖξαί | δείκνυμι | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 φασιν | ccomp | high | Second infinitive coordinated with ἐλθεῖν under φασιν. |
| 29 | οἱ | οὗτος | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 28 δεῖξαί | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun; likely ethical/indirect object (‘showed him’), with antecedent Dionysus. |
| 30 | Πόλυμνον | Πόλυμνος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 δεῖξαί | obj | high | Accusative person shown the descent; double-object construction. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἶδον | punct | high |
τῇ δὲ Ἀλκυονίᾳ πέρας τοῦ βάθους οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδέ τινα οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐς τὸ τέρμα αὐτῆς οὐδεμιᾷ μηχανῇ καθικέσθαι δυνηθέντα.
Ἀλκυονίᾳ is a dative place/name complement with εἰμί; οὐδέ coordinates a second clause, where ἄνθρωπον is the accusative subject of the complementary infinitive καθικέσθαι and δυνηθέντα is a modifying participle agreeing with it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀλκυονίᾳ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀλκυονίᾳ | Ἀλκυονία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Dative locative/place complement; name may be construed as an ellipted designation of the lake. |
| 4 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 βάθους | det | high | |
| 6 | βάθους | βάθος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πέρας | nmod | high | |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἔστιν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | οὐδέ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 οἶδα | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 10 | τινα | τις | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 ἄνθρωπον | det | high | Indefinite determiner. |
| 11 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἔστιν | conj | high | Perfect form with present meaning, ‘I know’. |
| 12 | ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 οἶδα | obj | high | Accusative object of οἶδα and understood subject of the infinitival construction. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 τέρμα | case | high | |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 τέρμα | det | high | |
| 15 | τέρμα | τέρμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 καθικέσθαι | obl | high | |
| 16 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 τέρμα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive, referring to Ἀλκυονία. |
| 17 | οὐδεμιᾷ | οὐδείς | DET | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg|PronType=Ind | 18 μηχανῇ | det | high | |
| 18 | μηχανῇ | μηχανή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 καθικέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 19 | καθικέσθαι | καθικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἄνθρωπον | xcomp | high | |
| 20 | δυνηθέντα | δύναμαι | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἄνθρωπον | acl | medium | Aorist passive-form participle, ‘having been able’; modifies ἄνθρωπον and controls the infinitive. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high |
ὅπου καὶ Νέρων σταδίων πολλῶν κάλους ποιησάμενος καὶ συνάψας ἀλλήλοις, ἀπαρτήσας δὲ καὶ μόλυβδον ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ εἰ δή τι χρήσιμον ἄλλο ἐς τὴν πεῖραν, οὐδὲ οὗτος οὐδένα ἐξευρεῖν ἐδυνήθη ὅρον τοῦ βάθους.
ὅπου introduces the locative subordinate context; Νέρων is the subject of the participial sequence, while οὗτος is subject of ἐδυνήθη. The final infinitive ἐξευρεῖν is complementary, with ὅρον as its object and τοῦ βάθους as a genitive complement; κάλους is the plural object of ποιησάμενος and συνάψας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | D- | PronType=Rel | 32 ἐδυνήθη | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the subordinate clause. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 ποιησάμενος | cc | high | Coordinates the participial predicates. |
| 3 | Νέρων | Νέρων | PROPN | NeMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ποιησάμενος | nsubj | high | Subject of the participial sequence. |
| 4 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | NeGP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 κάλους | nmod | medium | Genitive modifying κάλους, likely indicating measure or length. |
| 5 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-;GP;Ne;P | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 σταδίων | amod | high | Agrees with σταδίων. |
| 6 | κάλους | κάλος | NOUN | NbAP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ποιησάμενος | obj | high | Object of ποιησάμενος and semantically continued with συνάψας. |
| 7 | ποιησάμενος | ποιέω | VERB | V-;AMN;Sms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 32 ἐδυνήθη | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, agreeing with Νέρων. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 9 συνάψας | cc | high | Coordinates the participles. |
| 9 | συνάψας | συνάπτω | VERB | V-;AAP;Sms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ποιησάμενος | conj | high | Aorist active participle coordinated with ποιησάμενος. |
| 10 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | Px;DM;P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 9 συνάψας | obl | high | Reciprocal dative with συνάψας. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ποιησάμενος | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἀπαρτήσας | ἀπαρτάω | VERB | V-;AAP;Sms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 ἐδυνήθη | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, coordinated in the circumstantial sequence. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 12 ἀπαρτήσας | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 15 μόλυβδον | cc | high | Coordinates μόλυβδον with the preceding object. |
| 15 | μόλυβδον | μόλυβδος | NOUN | NbAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπαρτήσας | obj | high | Object of ἀπαρτήσας. |
| 16 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R- | _ | 17 αὐτῶν | case | high | Apocope of ἀπό. |
| 17 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp;GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 μόλυβδον | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό, referring to the joined ropes. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 22 χρήσιμον | cc | medium | Coordinates the following conditional phrase with μόλυβδον; attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C- | _ | 22 χρήσιμον | mark | high | Introduces an embedded conditional/indefinite phrase. |
| 20 | δή | δή | PART | X- | _ | 22 χρήσιμον | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 21 | τι | τις | PRON | Pi;NSA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 χρήσιμον | nsubj | medium | Indefinite neuter subject, with an elliptical verb understood. |
| 22 | χρήσιμον | χρήσιμος | ADJ | A-;NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπαρτήσας | conj | low | Neuter adjective, probably predicative or substantivized in an elliptical phrase; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 23 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-;NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 χρήσιμον | amod | high | Agrees with substantivized χρήσιμον/understood neuter noun. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 26 πεῖραν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Sd;Af;Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 πεῖραν | det | high | Article modifying πεῖραν. |
| 26 | πεῖραν | πεῖρα | NOUN | NbAf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 χρήσιμον | obl | high | Object of ἐς, meaning the trial/test. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | punct | high | |
| 28 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | cc | high | Negative connective introducing the main assertion. |
| 29 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd;NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 32 ἐδυνήθη | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of ἐδυνήθη, referring to Nero. |
| 30 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | Px;ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 31 ἐξευρεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἐξευρεῖν. |
| 31 | ἐξευρεῖν | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-;AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 32 ἐδυνήθη | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive governed by ἐδυνήθη. |
| 32 | ἐδυνήθη | δύναμαι | VERB | V-;API;3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; aorist passive morphology of δύναμαι is deponent/lexical in function. |
| 33 | ὅρον | ὅρος | NOUN | NbAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐξευρεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἐξευρεῖν. |
| 34 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Sd;Gsn;Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 βάθους | det | high | Article modifying βάθους. |
| 35 | βάθους | βάθος | NOUN | Nb;Gsn;Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ὅρον | nmod | high | Genitive complement specifying the ὅρος. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | punct | high |