Grammar parses for passage 2.37.5
Open translation for this passage
εἶδον δὲ καὶ πηγὴν Ἀμφιαράου καλουμένην καὶ τὴν Ἀλκυονίαν λίμνην, διʼ ἧς φασιν Ἀργεῖοι Διόνυσον ἐς τὸν Ἅιδην ἐλθεῖν Σεμέλην ἀνάξοντα, τὴν δὲ ταύτῃ κάθοδον δεῖξαί οἱ Πόλυμνον.
The reported-speech sequence is syntactically complex: φασιν governs two infinitival complements (ἐλθεῖν, δεῖξαί), with ἀνάξοντα functioning as a participial attendant circumstance inside the first infinitival clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | VAAI--1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | -- | _ | 1 εἶδον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO | _ | 4 πηγὴν | cc | high | Connects coordinated objects. |
| 4 | πηγὴν | πηγή | NOUN | N-S--FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 εἶδον | obj | high | First object of εἶδον. |
| 5 | Ἀμφιαράου | Ἀμφιάραος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πηγὴν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πηγὴν. |
| 6 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 πηγὴν | acl | high | Participial modifier of πηγὴν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO | _ | 8 τὴν | cc | high | Connects coordinated objects. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--FA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 λίμνην | det | high | Article with λίμνην. |
| 9 | Ἀλκυονίαν | Ἀλκυονία | PROPN | A--SAFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 λίμνην | amod | high | Attributive adjective/name modifying λίμνην. |
| 10 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-S--FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 εἶδον | obj | high | Second coordinated object of εἶδον. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἶδον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R---GM--- | Case=Gen | 13 ἧς | case | high | Governs relative pronoun. |
| 13 | ἧς | ὅς | PRON | P-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 φασιν | obl | high | Relative pronoun with διά. |
| 14 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | VPAI--3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 εἶδον | parataxis | high | Reported-speech parent verb. |
| 15 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 φασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of φασιν. |
| 16 | Διόνυσον | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-S--MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐλθεῖν | obj | high | Subject of infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-A---A- | Case=Acc | 19 Ἅιδην | case | high | Marks goal. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--MA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Ἅιδην | det | high | Article with Ἅιδην. |
| 19 | Ἅιδην | Ἅιδης | PROPN | N-S--MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Directional oblique with ἐς. |
| 20 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασιν. |
| 21 | Σεμέλην | Σεμέλη | PROPN | N-S--FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀνάξοντα | obj | high | Object of ἀνάξοντα. |
| 22 | ἀνάξοντα | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἐλθεῖν | advcl | medium | Future participle, likely agreeing with Διόνυσον; analyzed as attendant circumstance. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 φασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--FA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 κάθοδον | det | high | Article with κάθοδον. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | PART | -- | _ | 28 δεῖξαί | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 26 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-S--FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 27 κάθοδον | det | medium | Deictic modifier of κάθοδον. |
| 27 | κάθοδον | κάθοδος | NOUN | N-S--FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 δεῖξαί | obj | high | Object of δεῖξαί. |
| 28 | δεῖξαί | δείκνυμι | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 φασιν | ccomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated/continued within reported speech; dependent on φασιν. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 δεῖξαί | iobj | high | Dative indirect object; enclitic form likely referring to him. |
| 30 | Πόλυμνον | Πολύμνος | PROPN | N-S--MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 δεῖξαί | nsubj | low | Likely subject of δεῖξαί in indirect statement context, though syntax is difficult. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἶδον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τῇ δὲ Ἀλκυονίᾳ πέρας τοῦ βάθους οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδέ τινα οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἐς τὸ τέρμα αὐτῆς οὐδεμιᾷ μηχανῇ καθικέσθαι δυνηθέντα.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: οἶδα governs ἄνθρωπον with an infinitival complement καθικέσθαι, while δυνηθέντα agrees with ἄνθρωπον as a participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀλκυονίᾳ | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀλκυονίᾳ | Ἀλκυονία | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative of reference/locative with πέρας. |
| 4 | πέρας | πέρας | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστιν. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 βάθους | det | high | Article. |
| 6 | βάθους | βάθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πέρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πέρας. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 8 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause copular/existential verb. |
| 9 | οὐδέ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 οἶδα | cc | high | Connects the infinitival clause to the preceding statement. |
| 10 | τινα | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 ἄνθρωπον | det | medium | Likely indefinite pronoun modifying ἄνθρωπον. |
| 11 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἔστιν | conj | high | Main verb governing the infinitival complement. |
| 12 | ἄνθρωπον | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 οἶδα | obj | high | Object of οἶδα, with infinitival clause in apposition/complement. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 τέρμα | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ τέρμα. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 τέρμα | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | τέρμα | τέρμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 καθικέσθαι | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 16 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 τέρμα | nmod | high | Genitive possessive modifying τέρμα. |
| 17 | οὐδεμιᾷ | οὐδείς | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 18 μηχανῇ | det | high | Negative determiner. |
| 18 | μηχανῇ | μηχανή | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 καθικέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 19 | καθικέσθαι | καθικνέομαι | VERB | _ | VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 11 οἶδα | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of οἶδα. |
| 20 | δυνηθέντα | δύναμαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἄνθρωπον | amod | medium | Participle agreeing with ἄνθρωπον; semantically ‘able’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὅπου καὶ Νέρων σταδίων πολλῶν κάλους ποιησάμενος καὶ συνάψας ἀλλήλοις, ἀπαρτήσας δὲ καὶ μόλυβδον ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ εἰ δή τι χρήσιμον ἄλλο ἐς τὴν πεῖραν, οὐδὲ οὗτος οὐδένα ἐξευρεῖν ἐδυνήθη ὅρον τοῦ βάθους.
Main syntax is a root verb ἐδυνήθη with a participial chain modifying Νέρων; the clause introduced by ὅπου is linked adverbially, and εἰ δή... is a conditional complement to the infinitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | Df | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | advmod | high | relative adverb introducing the clause |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Co | _ | 3 Νέρων | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 3 | Νέρων | Νέρων | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐδυνήθη | nsubj | high | subject of ἐδυνήθη |
| 4 | σταδίων | στάδιον | NOUN | Nb | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 κάλους | nmod | high | partitive/genitive dependent of κάλους |
| 5 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 σταδίων | amod | high | modifies σταδίων |
| 6 | κάλους | κάλλος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ποιησάμενος | obj | high | object of ποιησάμενος |
| 7 | ποιησάμενος | ποιέω | VERB | V-APM-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 32 ἐδυνήθη | advcl | high | participial clause modifying Νέρων |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Co | _ | 9 συνάψας | cc | high | coordinates participles |
| 9 | συνάψας | συνάπτω | VERB | V-AAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ποιησάμενος | conj | high | conjunct participle |
| 10 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | Px | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 συνάψας | iobj | high | dative with συνάψας |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ποιησάμενος | punct | high | punctuation |
| 12 | ἀπαρτήσας | ἀπαρτάω | VERB | V-AAP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ποιησάμενος | conj | high | another coordinated participle |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 12 ἀπαρτήσας | discourse | high | postpositive particle |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Co | _ | 15 μόλυβδον | cc | high | coordinates objects |
| 15 | μόλυβδον | μόλυβδος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀπαρτήσας | obj | high | object of ἀπαρτήσας |
| 16 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | Pk | _ | 17 αὐτῶν | case | high | preposition |
| 17 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Px | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀπαρτήσας | obl | high | object of ἀπό |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Co | _ | 19 εἰ | cc | high | coordinates with ἀπαρτήσας phrase |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | Cs | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | mark | high | conditional marker |
| 20 | δή | δή | PART | G | _ | 19 εἰ | advmod | high | emphatic particle |
| 21 | τι | τίς | PRON | Pi | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἄλλο | det | medium | indefinite pronoun used adjectivally with ἄλλο |
| 22 | χρήσιμον | χρήσιμος | ADJ | A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἄλλο | amod | high | modifies ἄλλο |
| 23 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐξευρεῖν | obj | high | object of ἐξευρεῖν |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Pk | _ | 26 πεῖραν | case | high | preposition |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Dd | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 πεῖραν | det | high | article |
| 26 | πεῖραν | πεῖρα | NOUN | Nb | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐξευρεῖν | obl | high | complement of ἐς |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | punct | high | punctuation |
| 28 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | Co | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | cc | high | coordinating negative conjunction |
| 29 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐδυνήθη | nsubj | high | subject of ἐδυνήθη |
| 30 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | Pi | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐξευρεῖν | obj | high | object of infinitive |
| 31 | ἐξευρεῖν | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 32 ἐδυνήθη | xcomp | high | complementary infinitive of ἐδυνήθη |
| 32 | ἐδυνήθη | δύναμαι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 33 | ὅρον | ὅρος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐξευρεῖν | obj | high | object of ἐξευρεῖν |
| 34 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Dd | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 βάθους | det | high | article |
| 35 | βάθους | βάθος | NOUN | Nb | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ὅρον | nmod | high | genitive dependent of ὅρον |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐδυνήθη | punct | high | punctuation |