Grammar parses for passage 2.38.4
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἐκ Λέρνης καὶ ἑτέρα παρʼ αὐτὴν ὁδὸς τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ χωρίον ὃ Γενέσιον ὀνομάζουσι·
The sentence has an existential/copular ἔστι with ὁδός as subject; ἐκ Λέρνης marks origin, παρʼ αὐτήν modifies ὁδός, and the relative clause ὃ Γενέσιον ὀνομάζουσι names the χωρίον. The attachment of τὴν θάλασσαν is somewhat elliptical/ambiguous, likely a directional object with ἐπὶ or an accusative route complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Λέρνης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 4 | Λέρνης | Λέρνη | PROPN | N-G-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸς | nmod | high | Place-name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἑτέρα | cc | high | Coordinates ἑτέρα with prior contextual road. |
| 6 | ἑτέρα | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-N-SF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸς | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with ὁδός. |
| 7 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 αὐτὴν | case | high | Elided form of παρά; governs accusative here. |
| 8 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-AF-S3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 9 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Reference is likely to the previously mentioned road or route. |
| 9 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-N-SF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 θάλασσαν | det | high | Article agreeing with θάλασσαν. |
| 11 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπὶ | obl | medium | Accusative with ἐπί; exact semantic attachment is elliptical. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 χωρίον | case | medium | With accusative, marks direction toward or onto the χωρίον. |
| 13 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-A-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὁδὸς | obl | high | Destination of the road. |
| 14 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-A-N-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ὀνομάζουσι, referring to χωρίον. |
| 15 | Γενέσιον | Γενέσιον | PROPN | N-A-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὀνομάζουσι | xcomp | high | Predicate name assigned to the relative object. |
| 16 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 χωρίον | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
πρὸς θαλάσσῃ δὲ τοῦ Γενεσίου Ποσειδῶνος ἱερόν ἐστιν οὐ μέγα.
The phrase πρὸς θαλάσσῃ is construed locatively (‘by/near the sea’), with θαλάσσῃ as the dative complement of πρὸς; Γενεσίου Ποσειδῶνος is a genitive modifier of ἱερόν. The adjective μέγα is predicative with the neuter singular ἱερόν, under οὐ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 2 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | Preposition governing the locative dative θαλάσσῃ. |
| 2 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερόν | obl | medium | Locative dative complement of πρὸς; alternatively treated as a prepositional oblique dependent of ἱερόν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἱερόν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating connective. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ποσειδῶνος | det | high | Article agreeing with Ποσειδῶνος. |
| 5 | Γενεσίου | Γενέσιος | PROPN | A----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ποσειδῶνος | amod | high | Proper-name adjective modifying Ποσειδῶνος. |
| 6 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent specifying the deity to whom the sanctuary belongs. |
| 7 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter singular subject of the existential/copular clause. |
| 8 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 μέγα | advmod | high | Negates the adjective μέγα. |
| 10 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective, agreeing with ἱερόν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τούτου δʼ ἔχεται χωρίον ἄλλο Ἀπόβαθμοι·
The impersonal/passive ἔχεται is construed with a genitive of separation/source (τούτου) and a nominative subject χωρίον, modified by ἄλλο and appositional/proper-name Ἀπόβαθμοι; the exact force of ἔχεται is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἔχεται | obl | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἔχεται | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | ἔχεται | ἔχω | VERB | V-PI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely impersonal/passive usage, ‘is next to/follows’; exact lexical sense depends on context. |
| 4 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἔχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 χωρίον | amod | high | |
| 6 | Ἀπόβαθμοι | Ἀπόβαθμος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 χωρίον | appos | medium | Place-name; plural form, functioning as an appositional name for χωρίον. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἔχεται | punct | high |
ἐντεῦθεν διελθοῦσιν Ἀνιγραῖα καλούμενα ὁδὸν καὶ στενὴν καὶ ἄλλως δύσβατον, ἔστιν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ μὲν καθήκουσα ἐπὶ θάλασσαν καὶ δένδρα---ἐλαίας μάλιστα---ἀγαθὴ τρέφειν γῆ, ἰόντι
The sentence is syntactically difficult: διελθοῦσιν and ἰόντι are dative participles with an implicit traveler; Ἀνιγραῖα καλούμενα ὁδόν is an appositional place-name phrase, while the following ἔστιν introduces an elliptical description of the route/land. The three hyphens are retained as punctuation-like editorial dash tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐντεῦθεν | ἐντεῦθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 2 διελθοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | διελθοῦσιν | διέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Dative participle, probably agreeing with an implicit plural traveler subject. |
| 3 | Ἀνιγραῖα | Ἀνίγραια | PROPN | N-----NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὁδὸν | appos | medium | Place-name; syntactic case is uncertain because καλούμενα ὁδόν is elliptical or appositional. |
| 4 | καλούμενα | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPNPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ὁδὸν | acl | medium | Agrees formally with neuter plural Ἀνιγραῖα; the expected naming construction is compressed. |
| 5 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 διελθοῦσιν | obj | medium | Accusative object of an understood directional verb or appositional phrase. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 στενὴν | cc | high | |
| 7 | στενὴν | στενός | ADJ | A-----ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸν | amod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 δύσβατον | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 δύσβατον | advmod | high | |
| 10 | δύσβατον | δύσβατος | ADJ | A-----ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδὸν | conj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative predicate. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 14 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A----DSF | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καθήκουσα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘on the left’. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 καθήκουσα | discourse | high | |
| 16 | καθήκουσα | καθήκω | VERB | V-PPAN-SNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἔστιν | acl | medium | Feminine singular participle with an implicit feminine antecedent, likely γῆ or ὁδός. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 18 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-----ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καθήκουσα | obl | high | Accusative after ἐπί, indicating direction or extension toward the sea. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 δένδρα | cc | high | |
| 20 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-----APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 καθήκουσα | obl | medium | Coordinated accusative, likely elliptical after καθήκουσα; exact construction is uncertain. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐλαίας | punct | high | Editorial dash retained as supplied. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐλαίας | punct | high | Editorial dash retained as supplied. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐλαίας | punct | high | Editorial dash retained as supplied. |
| 24 | ἐλαίας | ἐλαία | NOUN | N-----APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 δένδρα | appos | high | Apposition specifying δένδρα. |
| 25 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 24 ἐλαίας | advmod | high | Modifies the specification ‘olive trees’. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐλαίας | punct | high | Editorial dash retained as supplied. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐλαίας | punct | high | Editorial dash retained as supplied. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐλαίας | punct | high | Editorial dash retained as supplied. |
| 29 | ἀγαθὴ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-----NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 γῆ | amod | high | |
| 30 | τρέφειν | τρέφω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 29 ἀγαθὴ | acl | medium | Infinitive of purpose or complement: ‘good for nourishing’. |
| 31 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | N-----NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the existential clause, with ἀγαθή as predicate-associated modifier. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 33 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Dative present participle, likely agreeing with an implicit singular traveler; clause-final route description. |