Grammar parses for passage 2.38.5
Open translation for this passage
δὲ ἄνω πρὸς τὴν ἤπειρον ἀπʼ αὐτῆς χωρίον ἐστίν, ἔνθα δὴ ἐμαχέσαντο ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς ταύτης λογάδες Ἀργείων τριακόσιοι πρὸς ἄνδρας Λακεδαιμονίων ἀριθμόν τε ἴσους καὶ ἐπιλέκτους ὁμοίως.
The main syntactic challenge is the relative clause ἔνθα δὴ ἐμαχέσαντο, which depends on ἐστίν, and the slightly compressed coordination in the final noun phrase (ἀριθμόν τε ἴσους καὶ ἐπιλέκτους ὁμοίως).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 2 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | _ | _ | 8 χωρίον | advmod | high | Directional adverb modifying χωρίον. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ἤπειρον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἤπειρον | det | high | Article. |
| 5 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 χωρίον | obl | high | Object of πρὸς in a directional phrase. |
| 6 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 χωρίον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 χωρίον | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 8 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστίν. |
| 9 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | Relative/locative adverb introducing clause. |
| 12 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 13 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐστίν | advcl | high | Adverbial relative clause dependent on ἐστίν. |
| 14 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | _ | _ | 16 γῆς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 γῆς | det | high | Article. |
| 16 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Object of ὑπέρ. |
| 17 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 γῆς | det | high | Demonstrative modifier. |
| 18 | λογάδες | λογάς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | nsubj | medium | Likely substantivized adjective 'picked men'; agreement suggests subject. |
| 19 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 λογάδες | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantively as genitive of group. |
| 20 | τριακόσιοι | τριακόσιοι | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 λογάδες | amod | high | Numeral modifying λογάδες. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 22 ἄνδρας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Prepositional complement of πρὸς. |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρας | nmod | high | Ethnic genitive modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 24 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἴσους | obl | medium | Likely adverbial accusative 'in number'. |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἴσους | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 26 | ἴσους | ἴσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρας | amod | medium | Agreeing with ἄνδρας under understood comparison/coordination. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 28 ἐπιλέκτους | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 28 | ἐπιλέκτους | ἐπίλεκτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρας | conj | medium | Coordinated with ἴσους, modifying ἄνδρας. |
| 29 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying the battle clause. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὴν χώραν δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι γενομένου πανδημεί σφισιν ἀγῶνος πρὸς Ἀργείους κρατήσαντες βεβαίως.
The sentence is participial and compact; γενομένου πανδημεί σφισιν ἀγῶνος functions like a genitive-absolute background circumstance, with the main predication centered on κρατήσαντες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 χώραν | det | high | Article modifying χώραν. |
| 2 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κρατήσαντες | obj | medium | Accusative object of κρατήσαντες; context suggests direct object/patient. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 κρατήσαντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with substantival ethnic name. |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 κρατήσαντες | nsubj | high | Subject of κρατήσαντες. |
| 6 | γενομένου | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOR-MID-PTCP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ἀγῶνος | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying ἀγῶνος; syntactically part of genitive absolute-like phrase. |
| 7 | πανδημεί | πανδημεί | ADV | D | _ | 6 γενομένου | advmod | high | Adverb modifying γενομένου. |
| 8 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 ἀγῶνος | det | low | Dative pronoun dependent on ἀγῶνος; likely possessive/reference in genitive-absolute context. |
| 9 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κρατήσαντες | advcl | low | Genitive absolute nucleus; relation to main clause approximated as adverbial clause. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 11 Ἀργείους | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀργείους. |
| 11 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Prepositional complement of κρατήσαντες. |
| 12 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-PTCP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main participial predicate. |
| 13 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | D | _ | 12 κρατήσαντες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κρατήσαντες. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κρατήσαντες | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν Θυρεᾶτιν ἐνέμοντο Ἀργεῖοι· φασὶ δὲ ἀνασώσασθαι δίκῃ νικήσαντες.
First clause has a somewhat compressed object phrase (τὰ ... τὴν Θυρεᾶτιν) with the prepositional phrase ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ; second clause takes a complementary infinitive with a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἐνέμοντο | obj | high | Article with implicit neuter plural object; coordinated with following particle phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐνέμοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 7 ἐνέμοντο | obl | high | Preposition governing ἐμοῦ. |
| 4 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐπʼ | nmod | high | Object of preposition ἐπί. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Θυρεᾶτιν | det | high | Article with place-name/adjectival noun. |
| 6 | Θυρεᾶτιν | Θυρεᾶτις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐνέμοντο | obj | medium | Accusative singular feminine; object of ἐνέμοντο. |
| 7 | ἐνέμοντο | νέμω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐνέμοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνέμοντο. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐνέμοντο | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 10 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause main verb. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 φασὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 12 | ἀνασώσασθαι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | _ | VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 10 φασὶ | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of φασὶ. |
| 13 | δίκῃ | δίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νικήσαντες | obl | medium | Likely dative of means/manner with participle. |
| 14 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 φασὶ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying φασὶ. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φασὶ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |