Grammar parses for passage 2.38.5
Open translation for this passage
δὲ ἄνω πρὸς τὴν ἤπειρον ἀπʼ αὐτῆς χωρίον ἐστίν, ἔνθα δὴ ἐμαχέσαντο ὑπὲρ τῆς γῆς ταύτης λογάδες Ἀργείων τριακόσιοι πρὸς ἄνδρας Λακεδαιμονίων ἀριθμόν τε ἴσους καὶ ἐπιλέκτους ὁμοίως.
The sentence has an existential clause with χωρίον as subject and ἐστίν as root; ἔνθα introduces a locative relative-like clause whose subject is the coordinated noun phrase λογάδες Ἀργείων τριακόσιοι, opposed by πρὸς to an accusative phrase. The final ἀριθμόν τε ἴσους καὶ ἐπιλέκτους ὁμοίως is an elliptical comparison/description of the Lacedaemonians; attachment of ἀριθμόν is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 9 ἐστίν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 χωρίον | advmod | high | Directional adverb. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἤπειρον | det | high | |
| 5 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 χωρίον | obl | high | Goal/direction with πρός. |
| 6 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 7 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 χωρίον | obl | high | Refers back to the preceding place/area. |
| 8 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb introducing the following clause. |
| 12 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | discourse | high | |
| 13 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-ADI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 ἐστίν | acl:relcl | medium | Finite clause linked to the place introduced by ἔνθα. |
| 14 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 γῆς | case | high | |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 γῆς | det | high | |
| 16 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | |
| 17 | ταύτης | οὗτος | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 γῆς | det | high | |
| 18 | λογάδες | λογάς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐμαχέσαντο. |
| 19 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 λογάδες | nmod | high | Genitive of affiliation. |
| 20 | τριακόσιοι | τριακόσιοι | NUM | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 18 λογάδες | nummod | high | Predicative/counting apposition to λογάδες. |
| 21 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 ἄνδρας | case | high | |
| 22 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Opponent with πρός. |
| 23 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρας | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the men. |
| 24 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἄνδρας | obl | low | Elliptical accusative expression, probably referring to equality in number; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 25 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἴσους | cc | medium | Correlative/conjunctive particle in the phrase ἀριθμόν τε ἴσους καὶ ἐπιλέκτους. |
| 26 | ἴσους | ἴσος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρας | amod | medium | Descriptive accusative agreeing with ἄνδρας; syntax is elliptical. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐπιλέκτους | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἐπιλέκτους | ἐπίλεκτος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄνδρας | amod | medium | Coordinated with ἴσους and agreeing with ἄνδρας. |
| 29 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἐπιλέκτους | advmod | medium | Modifies the final descriptive phrase, likely ‘likewise/equally’. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστίν | punct | high |
ἀποθανόντων δὲ ἁπάντων πλὴν ἑνὸς Σπαρτιάτου καὶ δυοῖν Ἀργείων, τοῖς μὲν ἀποθανοῦσιν ἐχώσθησαν ἐνταῦθα οἱ τάφοι.
The opening genitive absolute means 'when all had died except one Spartan and two Argives'; the later dative participle is substantivized and marks those for whom the tombs were made.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποθανόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἐχώσθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀποθανόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | PRON | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀποθανόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 ἁπάντων | case | high | Exceptive preposition governing the genitives. |
| 5 | ἑνὸς | εἷς | NUM | M--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 6 Σπαρτιάτου | nummod | high | |
| 6 | Σπαρτιάτου | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πλὴν | nmod | high | Genitive after πλήν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 δυοῖν | cc | high | |
| 8 | δυοῖν | δύο | NUM | M--GDN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Dual | 9 Ἀργείων | nummod | high | |
| 9 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πλὴν | nmod | high | Genitive after πλήν; dual numeral with plural ethnic noun. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐχώσθησαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀποθανοῦσιν | det | high | |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 13 ἀποθανοῦσιν | advmod | high | Correlative μέν; no following δέ in this sentence. |
| 13 | ἀποθανοῦσιν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἐχώσθησαν | obl | high | Substantivized dative participle, recipients/beneficiaries of the burial. |
| 14 | ἐχώσθησαν | χώννυμι | VERB | V--API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist passive, likely 'were heaped/buried'; subject follows. |
| 15 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | AdvType=Loc | 14 ἐχώσθησαν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 τάφοι | det | high | |
| 17 | τάφοι | τάφος | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐχώσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐχώσθησαν | punct | high |
τὴν χώραν δὲ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι γενομένου πανδημεί σφισιν ἀγῶνος πρὸς Ἀργείους κρατήσαντες βεβαίως.
The sentence is a participial construction: Λακεδαιμόνιοι are subject of κρατήσαντες, with τὴν χώραν as its object; γενομένου ἀγῶνος is best treated as a genitive absolute, though the local attachment of σφισιν and πανδημεί is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-SG-FEM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 χώραν | det | high | |
| 2 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | noun-ACC-SG-FEM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κρατήσαντες | obj | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | conjunction | _ | 12 κρατήσαντες | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | article-NOM-PL-MASC | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | name-NOM-PL-MASC | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 κρατήσαντες | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | γενομένου | γίγνομαι | VERB | verb-AOR-PASS-PTCP-GEN-SG-NEUT | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἀγῶνος | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with ἀγῶνος; form is aorist middle/passive participle. |
| 7 | πανδημεί | πανδημεί | ADV | adverb | _ | 6 γενομένου | advmod | medium | Adverbial form meaning collectively/with the whole people; possibly construed with the genitive absolute. |
| 8 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | pronoun-DAT-PL | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 ἀγῶνος | nmod | medium | Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun, likely dative of association or reference. |
| 9 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | noun-GEN-SG-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κρατήσαντες | obl | medium | Genitive absolute nucleus with γενομένου; syntactically also associated with the following participial clause. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | preposition-GEN/ACC | _ | 11 Ἀργείους | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | name-ACC-PL-MASC | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 κρατήσαντες | obl | high | Object of πρὸς in the sense of against. |
| 12 | κρατήσαντες | κρατέω | VERB | verb-AOR-ACT-PTCP-NOM-PL-MASC | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Circumstantial/temporal participle with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 13 | βεβαίως | βεβαίως | ADV | adverb | _ | 12 κρατήσαντες | advmod | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 κρατήσαντες | punct | high |
αὐτοί τε παραυτίκα ἐκαρποῦντο καὶ ὕστερον Αἰγινήταις ἔδοσαν ἐκπεσοῦσιν ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐκ τῆς νήσου.
The finite verbs are coordinated: ἐκαρποῦντο is linked to the main ἔδοσαν; ἐκπεσοῦσιν is a dative participle agreeing with Αἰγινήταις, with ὑπό marking the Athenian agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐκαρποῦντο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 αὐτοί | cc | high | Correlative/additive τε with καί. |
| 3 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | -------- | _ | 4 ἐκαρποῦντο | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐκαρποῦντο | καρπόομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 8 ἔδοσαν | conj | medium | Middle voice: they enjoyed the benefits/profits. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 8 ἔδοσαν | cc | high | |
| 6 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | -------- | _ | 8 ἔδοσαν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | Αἰγινήταις | Αἰγινήτης | PROPN | N-DM-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔδοσαν | iobj | high | |
| 8 | ἔδοσαν | δίδωμι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐκπεσοῦσιν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Αἰγινήταις | acl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Αἰγινήταις. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | -------- | _ | 11 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | |
| 11 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GM-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐκπεσοῦσιν | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἐκπεσοῦσιν. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | -------- | _ | 14 νήσου | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 νήσου | det | high | |
| 14 | νήσου | νῆσος | NOUN | N-GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκπεσοῦσιν | obl | high | Source complement with ἐκ. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔδοσαν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ τὴν Θυρεᾶτιν ἐνέμοντο Ἀργεῖοι· φασὶ δὲ ἀνασώσασθαι δίκῃ νικήσαντες.
The first clause has τὰ ... ἐνέμοντο as a resumptive nominal object, with ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ as a temporal phrase. In the following indirect statement, φασὶ governs ἀνασώσασθαι; δίκῃ is instrumental, and νικήσαντες is a coordinated circumstantial participle with an implicit Argive subject. The exact antecedent of τὰ is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NA-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἐνέμοντο | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural article, resumptive object of ἐνέμοντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐνέμοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 ἐμοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 4 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-SG---2 | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐνέμοντο | obl | high | Temporal genitive phrase with ἐπί. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Θυρεᾶτιν | det | high | |
| 6 | Θυρεᾶτιν | Θυρεᾶτις | PROPN | N---AF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐνέμοντο | obj | medium | Place-name used substantivally; appositional or partitive relation to τὰ is possible. |
| 7 | ἐνέμοντο | νέμω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice means ‘were occupying/held’; subject follows. |
| 8 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N---NM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐνέμοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐνέμοντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V3P---I-- | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐνέμοντο | parataxis | high | Introduces an accusative-and-infinitive report. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 φασὶ | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἀνασώσασθαι | ἀνασῴζω | VERB | V--AMN--- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 φασὶ | xcomp | medium | Aorist middle infinitive; understood subject is the Argives or their representatives. |
| 13 | δίκῃ | δίκη | NOUN | N---SD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀνασώσασθαι | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative: by legal judgment. |
| 14 | νικήσαντες | νικάω | VERB | V--AAPNM-- | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἀνασώσασθαι | advcl | medium | Aorist active nominative participle, modifying the understood subject of the infinitive; manner or prior circumstance. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φασὶ | punct | high |