Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.5.3

Sentence 1

2.5.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 20
Input: 749
Output: 1,450
Total: 2,199

τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν Φλιάσιοι καὶ Σικυώνιοι λέγουσι, τὸ ὕδωρ ἔπηλυ καὶ οὐκ ἐγχώριον εἶναί οἱ·

The infinitive clause εἶναί οἱ depends on λέγουσι; τὸ ὕδωρ is its subject, with ἔπηλυ and ἐγχώριον as predicative adjectives. οἱ is dative of respect/reference, probably ‘for them’; the antecedent is the neighboring peoples, with some syntactic uncertainty.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 ἄλλα	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 λέγουσι	cc	high	Postpositive adversative/connective.
3	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	PRON	A-PNA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	10 λέγουσι	obj	high	Substantivized neuter plural.
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	6 ποταμὸν	case	high	Variant of εἰς.
5	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 ποταμὸν	det	high
6	ποταμὸν	ποταμός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 λέγουσι	obl	high	Accusative governed by ἐς.
7	Φλιάσιοι	Φλιάσιος	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 λέγουσι	nsubj	high	Ethnic name.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 Σικυώνιοι	cc	high
9	Σικυώνιοι	Σικυώνιος	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Φλιάσιοι	conj	high	Ethnic name.
10	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 λέγουσι	punct	high
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 ὕδωρ	det	high
13	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 εἶναί	nsubj	high	Subject of the infinitive.
14	ἔπηλυ	ἐπήλυς	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 εἶναί	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective in the infinitival clause; lemma and inflection are somewhat lexically variable.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἐγχώριον	cc	high
16	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PTCL	Polarity=Neg	17 ἐγχώριον	advmod	high	Negative particle before ἐγχώριον.
17	ἐγχώριον	ἐγχώριος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 εἶναί	xcomp	high	Second predicate adjective.
18	εἶναί	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 λέγουσι	ccomp	high	AcI infinitive governed by λέγουσι.
19	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	P-DM3S	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	18 εἶναί	iobj	low	Form is ambiguous; interpreted here as a dative plural personal pronoun, likely dative of reference.
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 λέγουσι	punct	high

Sentence 2

2.5.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 24
Input: 810
Output: 1,624
Total: 2,434

Μαίανδρον γὰρ κατιόντα ἐκ Κελαινῶν διὰ Φρυγίας καὶ Καρίας καὶ ἐκδιδόντα ἐς τὴν πρὸς Μιλήτῳ θάλασσαν ἐς Πελοπόννησον ἔρχεσθαι καὶ ποιεῖν τὸν Ἀσωπόν.

Accusative Μαίανδρον is the shared subject of coordinated infinitives ἔρχεσθαι and ποιεῖν; the participles κατιόντα and ἐκδιδόντα modify it.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Μαίανδρον	Μαίανδρος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἔρχεσθαι	csubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitival clause.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G-	_	19 ἔρχεσθαι	discourse	high
3	κατιόντα	κάτειμι	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 Μαίανδρον	acl	high	Participial predicate agreeing with Μαίανδρον.
4	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P-GEN	_	3 κατιόντα	case	high
5	Κελαινῶν	Κελαιναί	PROPN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	3 κατιόντα	obl	high
6	διὰ	διά	ADP	P-GEN	_	3 κατιόντα	case	high	With genitive: through.
7	Φρυγίας	Φρυγία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 διὰ	obl	high
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 Καρίας	cc	high
9	Καρίας	Καρία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 διὰ	obl	high	Conjoined complement of διά.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 ἐκδιδόντα	cc	high
11	ἐκδιδόντα	ἐκδίδωμι	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 κατιόντα	conj	high	Conjoined participle, agreeing with Μαίανδρον.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P-ACC	_	11 ἐκδιδόντα	case	high
13	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 θάλασσαν	det	high
14	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	P-DAT	_	15 Μιλήτῳ	case	high	With dative: near.
15	Μιλήτῳ	Μίλητος	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 πρὸς	obl	high
16	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἐς	obl	high	Object of εἰς; modified by πρὸς Μιλήτῳ.
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P-ACC	_	19 ἔρχεσθαι	case	high
18	Πελοπόννησον	Πελοπόννησος	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἐς	obl	high	Destination complement of ἔρχεσθαι.
19	ἔρχεσθαι	ἔρχομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ποιεῖν	cc	high
21	ποιεῖν	ποιέω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	19 ἔρχεσθαι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive under the same accusative-and-infinitive construction.
22	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 Ἀσωπόν	det	high
23	Ἀσωπόν	Ἀσωπός	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ποιεῖν	obj	high
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἔρχεσθαι	punct	high

Sentence 3

2.5.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 18
Input: 737
Output: 1,417
Total: 2,154

οἶδα δὲ καὶ Δηλίων τοιοῦτο ἀκούσας ἕτερον, ὕδωρ ὃ καλοῦσιν Ἰνωπὸν εἶναί σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ Νείλου·

οἶδα takes a supplementary accusative-and-infinitive construction: ὕδωρ ... εἶναι σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ Νείλου; ἀκούσας is a circumstantial participle with understood subject, and Δηλίων is a genitive of source/content with ἀκούσας.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 οἶδα	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	ADV	_	6 ἀκούσας	advmod	medium	Adverbial καί, modifying the participial phrase.
4	Δηλίων	Δήλιος	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἀκούσας	obl	medium	Genitive of source/content with ἀκούσας: 'having heard from/of the Delians'.
5	τοιοῦτο	τοιοῦτος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἀκούσας	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter adjective, likely object of ἀκούσας.
6	ἀκούσας	ἀκούω	VERB	V-AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 οἶδα	advcl	high	Circumstantial aorist participle; subject is the understood first-person subject of οἶδα.
7	ἕτερον	ἕτερος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 τοιοῦτο	amod	high	Agrees with substantivized τοιοῦτο; 'another such thing'.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀκούσας	punct	high
9	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 εἶναί	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι.
10	ὃ	ὅς	PRON	R-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 καλοῦσιν	obj	high	Relative pronoun, object of καλοῦσιν; antecedent ὕδωρ.
11	καλοῦσιν	καλέω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 ὕδωρ	acl:relcl	high
12	Ἰνωπὸν	Ἰνωπός	PROPN	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 καλοῦσιν	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative/name complement with καλοῦσιν; formal gender/inflection is uncertain in the transmitted spelling.
13	εἶναί	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 οἶδα	ccomp	high	Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction.
14	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-D3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	13 εἶναί	iobj	high	Dative of possession/reference with εἶναι.
15	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	17 Νείλου	case	high
16	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Νείλου	det	high
17	Νείλου	Νεῖλος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 εἶναί	obl	high	Source/comparison phrase: 'from the Nile'.
18	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 οἶδα	punct	high

Sentence 4

2.5.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 21
Input: 792
Output: 1,499
Total: 2,291

καὶ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸν ἔχει τὸν Νεῖλον λόγος Εὐφράτην ὄντα ἐς ἕλος ἀφανίζεσθαι καὶ αὖθις ἀνιόντα ὑπὲρ Αἰθιοπίας Νεῖλον γίνεσθαι.

λόγος ἔχει governs coordinated infinitives ἀφανίζεσθαι and γίνεσθαι; the accusative participles ὄντα and ἀνιόντα belong to the reported accusative subject/object chain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	5 ἔχει	cc	high
2	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	5 ἔχει	discourse	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	4 αὐτὸν	advmod	medium	Correlative/emphatic καὶ δή καὶ.
4	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	5 ἔχει	obj	high
5	ἔχει	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal ἔχει ... λόγος construction.
6	τὸν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Νεῖλον	det	high
7	Νεῖλον	Νεῖλος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 αὐτὸν	appos	high	Appositional identification of αὐτόν.
8	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἔχει	nsubj	high
9	Εὐφράτην	Εὐφράτης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ὄντα	xcomp	medium	Predicate accusative with ὄντα.
10	ὄντα	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	13 ἀφανίζεσθαι	advcl	medium	Participle in the infinitival complement; semantic predication with Εὐφράτην.
11	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	12 ἕλος	case	high
12	ἕλος	ἕλος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ἀφανίζεσθαι	obl	high
13	ἀφανίζεσθαι	ἀφανίζω	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	5 ἔχει	ccomp	high	Infinitive governed by λόγος ἔχει.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	20 γίνεσθαι	cc	high
15	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	_	_	16 ἀνιόντα	advmod	high
16	ἀνιόντα	ἄνειμι	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	20 γίνεσθαι	advcl	high	Accusative participle coordinated with the infinitival narrative.
17	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	_	_	18 Αἰθιοπίας	case	high
18	Αἰθιοπίας	Αἰθιοπία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἀνιόντα	obl	high
19	Νεῖλον	Νεῖλος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 γίνεσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with γίνεσθαι.
20	γίνεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	13 ἀφανίζεσθαι	conj	high	Second coordinated infinitive.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔχει	punct	high

Sentence 5

2.5.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 6
Input: 612
Output: 508
Total: 1,120

Ἀσωποῦ μὲν πέρι τοιαῦτα ἤκουσα,

The phrase Ἀσωποῦ πέρι is a postpositional genitive phrase meaning ‘concerning Asopus’; τοιαῦτα is its accompanying neuter plural object of ἤκουσα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀσωποῦ	Ἀσωπός	PROPN	Neut Gen Sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 πέρι	nmod	medium	Proper name in the genitive; likely dependent on πέρι, with masculine agreement assumed for the river name.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Ptcl	_	5 ἤκουσα	discourse	high	Correlative/contrastive particle.
3	πέρι	πέρι	ADP	Adp Gen	_	5 ἤκουσα	obl	medium	Postpositive preposition governing the genitive Ἀσωποῦ; expresses ‘about/concerning’.
4	τοιαῦτα	τοιοῦτος	PRON	Dem Pron Acc Pl Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	5 ἤκουσα	obj	high	Substantivized demonstrative adjective, direct object of ἤκουσα.
5	ἤκουσα	ἀκούω	VERB	V-Aor Act Ind 1 Sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite first-person singular verb.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἤκουσα	punct	high

Sentence 6

2.5.3 sentence 6

Tokens: 4
Input: 599
Output: 301
Total: 900

ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Ἀκροκορίνθου

Prepositional phrase: ἐκ governs the genitive article and place-name; the phrase is syntactically incomplete in isolation, so the prepositional phrase is treated as the root.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	4 Ἀκροκορίνθου	case	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 Ἀκροκορίνθου	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Ἀκροκορίνθου	det	high
4	Ἀκροκορίνθου	Ἀκροκόρινθος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Place-name in the genitive governed by ἐκ.

Passage 2.5.3