Grammar parses for passage 2.5.3
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἄλλα ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν Φλιάσιοι καὶ Σικυώνιοι λέγουσι, τὸ ὕδωρ ἔπηλυ καὶ οὐκ ἐγχώριον εἶναί οἱ·
The clause after λέγουσι is an indirect statement with accusative subject ὕδωρ and predicative adjectives; οἱ is syntactically uncertain but most plausibly a dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἄλλα | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 λέγουσι | obj | medium | Likely object of λέγουσι: 'the other things'. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ποταμὸν | case | high | Preposition governing ποταμόν. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ποταμὸν | det | high | Article modifying ποταμόν. |
| 6 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 λέγουσι | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 7 | Φλιάσιοι | Φλιάσιοι | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγουσι. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Σικυώνιοι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | Σικυώνιοι | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Φλιάσιοι | conj | high | Coordinated subject with Φλιάσιοι. |
| 10 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 εἶναί | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 14 | ἔπηλυ | ἔπηλυς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 εἶναί | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ὕδωρ; form is uncommon, treated as neuter acc. sg. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἔπηλυ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 16 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 17 ἐγχώριον | advmod | high | Negator. |
| 17 | ἐγχώριον | ἐγχώριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 εἶναί | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective coordinated with ἔπηλυ. |
| 18 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement after λέγουσι. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 εἶναί | iobj | low | Likely dative of reference with εἶναι; Pausanias text may reflect enclitic οἱ='to him/it'. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
οἶδα δὲ καὶ Δηλίων τοιοῦτο ἀκούσας ἕτερον, ὕδωρ ὃ καλοῦσιν Ἰνωπὸν εἶναί σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ Νείλου·
The clause εἶναί σφισιν ἐκ τοῦ Νείλου is syntactically compressed; I analyze σφισιν as dative reference with an infinitival predication rather than supplying an overt copula subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V--1SRA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 οἶδα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | D-------- | _ | 6 ἀκούσας | cc | medium | Likely links coordinated participial material; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | Δηλίων | Δῆλος | PROPN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀκούσας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of the participle. |
| 5 | τοιοῦτο | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀκούσας | obj | medium | Object/complement of ἀκούσας; semantics slightly uncertain. |
| 6 | ἀκούσας | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 οἶδα | advcl | high | Aorist participle modifying οἶδα. |
| 7 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὕδωρ | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ὕδωρ. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ὕδωρ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εἶναί | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the infinitive clause. |
| 10 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 11 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ὕδωρ | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 12 | Ἰνωπὸν | Ἰνωπός | PROPN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καλοῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/naming complement with καλοῦσιν. |
| 13 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 οἶδα | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of οἶδα. |
| 14 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 εἶναί | obl | high | Dative with εἶναί, expressing reference/possession. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Νείλου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Νείλου | det | high | Article. |
| 17 | Νείλου | Νεῖλος | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 σφισιν | nmod | high | Object of the preposition ἐκ. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ δὴ καὶ αὐτὸν ἔχει τὸν Νεῖλον λόγος Εὐφράτην ὄντα ἐς ἕλος ἀφανίζεσθαι καὶ αὖθις ἀνιόντα ὑπὲρ Αἰθιοπίας Νεῖλον γίνεσθαι.
The syntax is strongly dependent on λόγος ἔχει with a coordinated pair of infinitival complements; several accusative participles appear to be attracted into indirect discourse and are annotated with some uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἔχει | cc | high | Connective. |
| 2 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 5 ἔχει | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἔχει | cc | high | Connective. |
| 4 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ἀφανίζεσθαι | obj | medium | Object of ἔχει; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 5 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-3Spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Νεῖλον | det | high | Article with Νεῖλον. |
| 7 | Νεῖλον | Νεῖλος | PROPN | Np-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 8 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει. |
| 9 | Εὐφράτην | Εὐφράτης | PROPN | Np-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφανίζεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Probably accusative subject-like complement of ἀφανίζεσθαι. |
| 10 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | Vl-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 Εὐφράτην | advcl | medium | Participial supplement agreeing with Εὐφράτην. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἕλος | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | ἕλος | ἕλος | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφανίζεσθαι | obl | high | Goal/source complement with ἐς. |
| 13 | ἀφανίζεσθαι | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V--pne--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 ἔχει | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔχει. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀφανίζεσθαι | cc | high | Connective within infinitival coordination. |
| 15 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀνιόντα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 16 | ἀνιόντα | ἄνειμι | VERB | V-papama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 γίνεσθαι | advcl | medium | Participial clause coordinated with ἀφανίζεσθαι. |
| 17 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Αἰθιοπίας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | Αἰθιοπίας | Αἰθιοπία | PROPN | Np-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνιόντα | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 19 | Νεῖλον | Νεῖλος | PROPN | Np-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 γίνεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with γίνεσθαι. |
| 20 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--pne--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 ἀφανίζεσθαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔχει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀσωποῦ μὲν πέρι τοιαῦτα ἤκουσα,
Ἀσωποῦ μὲν πέρι forms a fronted prepositional phrase; μὲν is contrastive and the main clause is ἤκουσα τοιαῦτα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀσωποῦ | Ἀσωπός | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 πέρι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πέρι. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 πέρι | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | πέρι | περί | ADP | R-------- | Case=Gen | 5 ἤκουσα | obl | medium | Likely preposition governing Ἀσωποῦ, with phrase dependent on ἤκουσα. |
| 4 | τοιαῦτα | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | PD-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Direct object of ἤκουσα. |
| 5 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verbal root. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἤκουσα | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Ἀκροκορίνθου
Fragmentary prepositional phrase; the genitive proper noun is governed by ἐκ, with no overt verbal predicate in the excerpt.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | Case=Gen | 4 Ἀκροκορίνθου | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 4 Ἀκροκορίνθου | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀκροκορίνθου | det | high | Definite article modifying the place name. |
| 4 | Ἀκροκορίνθου | Ἀκροκόρινθος | PROPN | N-$---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Headless prepositional phrase fragment; root taken as the noun phrase head. |