Grammar parses for passage 2.5.7
Open translation for this passage
οὗτος ὁ Ἆπις ἐς τοσόνδε ηὐξήθη δυνάμεως, πρὶν ἢ Πέλοπα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀφικέσθαι, ὡς τὴν ἐντὸς Ἰσθμοῦ χώραν Ἀπίαν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου καλεῖσθαι.
The syntax is mainly a main clause with two subordinate infinitival clauses: πρὶν ἢ ... ἀφικέσθαι and a ὡς-clause with καλεῖσθαι; ἐντός is treated prepositionally.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PDS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Ἆπις | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Ἆπις. |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἆπις | det | high | Article with Ἆπις. |
| 3 | Ἆπις | Ἆπις | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ηὐξήθη | nsubj | high | Subject of ηὐξήθη. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 τοσόνδε | case | high | Preposition governing τοσόνδε. |
| 5 | τοσόνδε | τοσόσδε | ADJ | a-s---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ηὐξήθη | obl | medium | Accusative of extent/measure with ἐς. |
| 6 | ηὐξήθη | αὐξάνω | VERB | v-3sapi--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | δυνάμεως | δύναμις | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ηὐξήθη | nmod | medium | Likely genitive of measure with τοσόνδε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ηὐξήθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 14 ἀφικέσθαι | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 10 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 14 ἀφικέσθαι | mark | high | Correlative marker with πρίν. |
| 11 | Πέλοπα | Πέλοψ | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφικέσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀφικέσθαι. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | Preposition with Ὀλυμπίαν. |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 14 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | v--anm---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 ηὐξήθη | advcl | high | Infinitival subordinate clause dependent on ηὐξήθη. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφικέσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 24 καλεῖσθαι | mark | high | Marks result/content clause. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 χώραν | det | high | Article with χώραν. |
| 18 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 χώραν | case | medium | Used prepositionally with χώραν. |
| 19 | Ἰσθμοῦ | Ἰσθμός | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐντὸς | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐντός. |
| 20 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 καλεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object of καλεῖσθαι. |
| 21 | Ἀπίαν | Ἄπιος | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 χώραν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying χώραν. |
| 22 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ἐκείνου | case | high | Preposition with ἐκείνου. |
| 23 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | Pd-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 24 καλεῖσθαι | obl | high | Source/agent phrase with passive infinitive. |
| 24 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | v--pnm---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἀφικέσθαι | ccomp | high | Complement of ὡς; passive/middle infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ηὐξήθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Ἄπιδος δὲ ἦν Θελξίων, Θελξίονος δὲ Αἴγυρος, τοῦ δὲ Θουρίμαχος, Θουριμάχου δὲ Λεύκιππος·
The sentence is an asyndetic-ish chain of genealogical identifications: each genitive name is associated with the following nominative/predicate name, with ἦν explicit only at the start and understood across the series.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄπιδος | Ἄπις | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of ἦν in an equative/genitive-of-possession style construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 4 | Θελξίων | Θελξίων | PROPN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Θελξίων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | Θελξίονος | Θελξίων | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 8 Αἴγυρος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the omitted/copular relation understood with the next ἦν. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 Αἴγυρος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 8 | Αἴγυρος | Αἴγυρος | PROPN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate nominative in the series. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 Αἴγυρος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Θουρίμαχος | det | high | Article introducing the next genitive subject. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 Θουρίμαχος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 12 | Θουρίμαχος | Θουρίμαχος | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 8 Αἴγυρος | nsubj | medium | Likely genitive subject parallel to prior items; article supports genitive attribution. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 Θουρίμαχος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | Θουριμάχου | Θουρίμαχος | PROPN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing | 16 Λεύκιππος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject in the next link of the chain. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 Λεύκιππος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 16 | Λεύκιππος | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing | 12 Θουρίμαχος | conj | medium | Final coordinated predicate nominative; attaches to the previous predicate series. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 Λεύκιππος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Λευκίππῳ δὲ ἄρρενες παῖδες οὐκ ἐγένοντο, θυγάτηρ δὲ Καλχινία.
The sentence is elliptical in the second clause; θυγάτηρ δὲ Καλχινία is best treated as a fragmentary appositional nominal clause coordinated by δέ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λευκίππῳ | Λευκίππος | PROPN | NNP-DAT-SG-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Dative of reference/possessor with ἐγένοντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρρενες | ἄρσην | ADJ | ADJ-NOM-PL-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παῖδες | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying παῖδες. |
| 4 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | NOUN-NOM-PL | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένοντο. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | advmod | high | Negation particle. |
| 6 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | NOUN-NOM-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | medium | Likely an additional predicative/elliptic clause with implied ἐγένετο/ἦν; attached as subject to the same verbal nucleus. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 8 θυγάτηρ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 10 | Καλχινία | Καλχινία | PROPN | NNP-NOM-SG-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 θυγάτηρ | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to θυγάτηρ. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |