Grammar parses for passage 2.6.2
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ οἱ Θηβαῖοι σὺν ὅπλοις ἦλθον, ἐνταῦθα τιτρώσκεται μὲν Νυκτεύς, ἐτρώθη δὲ κρατῶν τῇ μάχῃ καὶ Ἐπωπεύς.
ὡς introduces a temporal subordinate clause; the second passive verb has a coordinated subject, with κρατῶν as a circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἐπωπεύς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦλθον | mark | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἦλθον | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | AEPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἦλθον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 6 ὅπλοις | case | high | |
| 6 | ὅπλοις | ὅπλον | NOUN | NDPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦλθον | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἦλθον | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V2AAIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 τιτρώσκεται | advcl | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἦλθον | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D | _ | 10 τιτρώσκεται | advmod | high | |
| 10 | τιτρώσκεται | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V3PPI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present passive is historical present. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 10 τιτρώσκεται | discourse | high | |
| 12 | Νυκτεύς | Νυκτεύς | PROPN | NEPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τιτρώσκεται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 τιτρώσκεται | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐτρώθη | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V3SAPI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 τιτρώσκεται | conj | high | Coordinated with τιτρώσκεται; subject is shared/coordinated. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐτρώθη | cc | high | |
| 16 | κρατῶν | κρατέω | VERB | VPPP-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐτρώθη | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle, probably agreeing with Ἐπωπεύς. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 18 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 κρατῶν | obl | high | Dative of sphere/context: prevailing in the battle. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 Ἐπωπεύς | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἐπωπεύς | Ἐπωπεύς | PROPN | NEPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐτρώθη | nsubj:pass | high | Coordinated passive subject with Νυκτεύς. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 τιτρώσκεται | punct | high |
Νυκτέα μὲν δὴ κάμνοντα ὀπίσω κομίζουσιν ἐς Θήβας, καὶ ὡς ἔμελλε τελευτᾶν, Λύκον ἀδελφὸν ὄντα παραδίδωσι Θηβαίων ἐν τῷ παρόντι ἄρχειν·
Νυκτέα is the accusative subject of the infinitival participial construction with κάμνοντα, while παραδίδωσι takes Λύκον as object and ἀδελφὸν ὄντα as a predicative accusative; ἄρχειν is complementary infinitive, with Θηβαίων as genitive of the governed group. The subject of the finite verbs is contextually supplied and is not overtly tokenized.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Νυκτέα | Νυκτεύς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 κομίζουσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 6 κομίζουσιν | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | 粒 | _ | 6 κομίζουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | κάμνοντα | κάμνω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 κομίζουσιν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Νυκτέα; circumstantial. |
| 5 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | D | _ | 6 κομίζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | κομίζουσιν | κομίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; subject understood from context. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 8 Θήβας | case | high | |
| 8 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 κομίζουσιν | obl | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κομίζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 παραδίδωσι | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἔμελλε | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 12 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 18 παραδίδωσι | advcl | high | Finite verb governing τελευτᾶν. |
| 13 | τελευτᾶν | τελευτάω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 παραδίδωσι | punct | high | |
| 15 | Λύκον | Λύκος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 παραδίδωσι | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 παραδίδωσι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with Λύκον. |
| 17 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 Λύκον | acl | high | Participial complement of ἀδελφὸν/Λύκον. |
| 18 | παραδίδωσι | παραδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 κομίζουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject understood from context. |
| 19 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἄρχειν | obl | high | Genitive associated with ἄρχειν, ‘rule the Thebans’. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 22 παρόντι | case | high | |
| 21 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 παρόντι | det | high | |
| 22 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 παραδίδωσι | obl | high | Substantivized participle: ‘at the present time’. |
| 23 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 παραδίδωσι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after παραδίδωσι; subject is Λύκον. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κομίζουσιν | punct | high |
Λάβδακον γὰρ τὸν Πολυδώρου τοῦ Κάδμου παῖδα ἔτι αὐτός τε ἐπετρόπευεν ὁ Νυκτεὺς καὶ τότε ἀπέλιπεν ἐπιτροπεύειν ἐκείνῳ.
Λάβδακον ... παῖδα is the accusative object of ἐπετρόπευεν and also the understood object of ἀπέλιπεν; ἐκείνῳ is the dative complement of ἐπιτροπεύειν. The subject of both finite verbs is ὁ Νυκτεύς, while αὐτός is emphatic and τε coordinates the first clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λάβδακον | Λάβδακος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπετρόπευεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | 粒 | _ | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 4 | Πολυδώρου | Πολύδωρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 παῖδα | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κάδμου | det | high | |
| 6 | Κάδμου | Κάδμος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πολυδώρου | nmod | high | |
| 7 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Λάβδακον | appos | high | Appositional identification of Λάβδακον; its determiner τὸν is attached directly to παῖδα. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἐπετρόπευεν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπετρόπευεν | advmod | high | Emphatic nominative pronoun modifying the subject. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἐπετρόπευεν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐπετρόπευεν | ἐπιτροπεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | conj | high | First coordinated finite predicate; subject is ὁ Νυκτεύς. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Νυκτεὺς | det | high | |
| 13 | Νυκτεὺς | Νυκτεύς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | cc | high | |
| 15 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ἀπέλιπεν | ἀπολείπω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Takes an infinitival complement; the accusative object Λάβδακον παῖδα is understood with this verb. |
| 17 | ἐπιτροπεύειν | ἐπιτροπεύω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἀπέλιπεν. |
| 18 | ἐκείνῳ | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπιτροπεύειν | iobj | high | Dative person under whose guardianship; semantically the beneficiary/recipient of the guardianship. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀπέλιπεν | punct | high |
τοῦτον οὖν τὸν Λύκον ἱκέτευσε στρατῷ μείζονι ἐπὶ τὴν Αἰγιάλειαν ἐλάσαντα τιμωρήσασθαι μὲν Ἐπωπέα, κακοῦν δὲ εἰ λάβοι καὶ αὐτὴν Ἀντιόπην.
The accusative τοῦτον τὸν Λύκον is the object of ἱκέτευσε; the coordinated infinitives τιμωρήσασθαι and κακοῦν express the requested actions. ἐλάσαντα is an accusative masculine singular participle agreeing with Λύκον, and εἰ λάβοι is a conditional protasis with optative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 Λύκον | det | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἱκέτευσε | discourse | high | Consecutive/inferential particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Λύκον | det | high | |
| 4 | Λύκον | Λύκος | PROPN | NP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἱκέτευσε | obj | high | Personal name. |
| 5 | ἱκέτευσε | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | στρατῷ | στρατός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐλάσαντα | obl | high | Dative of means/accompaniment with ἐλάσαντα. |
| 7 | μείζονι | μέγας | ADJ | A-DSM-C | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 στρατῷ | amod | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 10 Αἰγιάλειαν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Αἰγιάλειαν | det | high | |
| 10 | Αἰγιάλειαν | Αἰγιάλεια | PROPN | NP-FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐλάσαντα | obl | high | Goal with ἐπί + accusative. |
| 11 | ἐλάσαντα | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-APA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 τιμωρήσασθαι | advcl | high | Agrees with Λύκον; circumstantial participle. |
| 12 | τιμωρήσασθαι | τιμωρέω | VERB | V-AMP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 ἱκέτευσε | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἱκέτευσε. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 12 τιμωρήσασθαι | cc | high | Correlative with δέ. |
| 14 | Ἐπωπέα | Ἐπωπεύς | PROPN | NP-MSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 τιμωρήσασθαι | obj | high | Object of τιμωρήσασθαι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 τιμωρήσασθαι | punct | high | |
| 16 | κακοῦν | κακόω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 τιμωρήσασθαι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive; δέ marks the second member. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 16 κακοῦν | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 18 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 λάβοι | mark | high | Introduces conditional protasis. |
| 19 | λάβοι | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 κακοῦν | advcl | medium | Potential/iterative optative in the protasis; subject is implicit. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 αὐτὴν | advmod | high | Focusing adverb, ‘even/also’. |
| 21 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 κακοῦν | obj | high | Object of κακοῦν. |
| 22 | Ἀντιόπην | Ἀντιόπη | PROPN | NP-FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 αὐτὴν | appos | high | Apposition to αὐτήν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἱκέτευσε | punct | high |