Grammar parses for passage 2.7.2
Open translation for this passage
ἐκ δὲ τῆς Κορινθίας ἐλθοῦσιν ἐς τὴν Σικυωνίαν Λύκου Μεσσηνίου μνῆμά ἐστιν, ὅστις δὴ οὗτος ὁ Λύκος·
The dative plural participle ἐλθοῦσιν is an absolute/pendant dative setting the location of the monument; Λύκου Μεσσηνίου is a genitive name phrase dependent on μνῆμα. The relative clause identifies the otherwise obscure Lycus; οὗτος ὁ Λύκος is nominative predicate/appositional identification with omitted copula.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 4 Κορινθίας | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Κορινθίας | det | high | |
| 4 | Κορινθίας | Κορινθία | PROPN | A- GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | high | Region understood as a substantive feminine name. |
| 5 | ἐλθοῦσιν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | VAAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 μνῆμά | obl | medium | Dative participle, likely absolute/pendant locative circumstance; its understood subject is the travelers. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 8 Σικυωνίαν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T- ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Σικυωνίαν | det | high | |
| 8 | Σικυωνίαν | Σικυωνία | PROPN | A- ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐλθοῦσιν | obl | high | Destination of ἐλθοῦσιν. |
| 9 | Λύκου | Λύκος | PROPN | A- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μνῆμά | nmod | high | Personal name. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίου | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Λύκου | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with Λύκου. |
| 11 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V- PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 18 Λύκος | nsubj | medium | Relative pronoun introducing an identifying relative clause; antecedent is Λύκος. |
| 15 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 18 Λύκος | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 16 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 Λύκος | det | medium | Demonstrative in the nominal identification οὗτος ὁ Λύκος. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Λύκος | det | high | |
| 18 | Λύκος | Λύκος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὅστις | appos | medium | Nominal identification/apposition; copula is omitted. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high |
οὐ γάρ τινα Λύκον εὑρίσκω Μεσσήνιον ἀσκήσαντα πένταθλον οὐδὲ Ὀλυμπικὴν ἀνῃρημένον νίκην.
εὑρίσκω governs an accusative object Λύκον with two coordinated accusative participial modifiers: ἀσκήσαντα πένταθλον and ἀνῃρημένον νίκην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 5 εὑρίσκω | advmod | high | |
| 2 | γάρ | γάρ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 εὑρίσκω | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | τινα | τις | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 4 Λύκον | det | high | |
| 4 | Λύκον | Λύκος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εὑρίσκω | obj | high | Personal name, accusative as object of εὑρίσκω. |
| 5 | εὑρίσκω | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-PAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | Μεσσήνιον | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Λύκον | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with Λύκον. |
| 7 | ἀσκήσαντα | ἀσκέω | VERB | V-APA-MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Λύκον | acl | high | Accusative participial modifier of Λύκον. |
| 8 | πένταθλον | πένταθλον | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀσκήσαντα | obj | high | Object of ἀσκήσαντα. |
| 9 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἀνῃρημένον | cc | high | Coordinates the second participial predicate with the first. |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπικὴν | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νίκην | amod | high | Agrees with νίκην. |
| 11 | ἀνῃρημένον | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-RPP-MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 Λύκον | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle, coordinated semantically with ἀσκήσαντα; form is masculine accusative singular agreeing with Λύκον. |
| 12 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνῃρημένον | obj | high | Object of ἀνῃρημένον. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εὑρίσκω | punct | high |
τοῦτο μὲν δὴ χῶμά ἐστι γῆς, αὐτοὶ δὲ Σικυώνιοι τὰ πολλὰ ἐοικότι τρόπῳ θάπτουσι.
The second clause is coordinated with the first; τὰ πολλὰ is substantivized, and ἐοικότι τρόπῳ is an idiomatic/elliptical dative manner expression, so its internal attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun, subject of ἐστι. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 αὐτοὶ | discourse | high | Correlative particle setting up contrast with δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | χῶμά | χῶμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστι | attr | high | Predicate nominative with ἐστι. |
| 5 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate. |
| 6 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χῶμά | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the material or substance of the mound. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high | |
| 8 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 θάπτουσι | nsubj | high | Emphatic personal pronoun, subject of θάπτουσι. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 θάπτουσι | cc | high | Adversative/coordinating particle. |
| 10 | Σικυώνιοι | Σικυώνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 θάπτουσι | nsubj | high | Explicit nominal subject, coreferential with αὐτοί. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πολλὰ | det | high | Article substantivizing πολλὰ. |
| 12 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 θάπτουσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘for the most part’. |
| 13 | ἐοικότι | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 τρόπῳ | amod | medium | Perfect active participle, dative masculine singular, agreeing with an implicit τρόπῳ-related expression; construction is elliptical/idiomatic. |
| 14 | τρόπῳ | τρόπος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 θάπτουσι | obl | medium | Dative of manner, ‘in a manner’; ἐοικότι τρόπῳ is an idiomatic manner expression. |
| 15 | θάπτουσι | θάπτω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate, contrasted with the copular first clause. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν σῶμα γῇ κρύπτουσι, λίθου δὲ ἐποικοδομήσαντες κρηπῖδα κίονας ἐφιστᾶσι καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπίθημα ποιοῦσι κατὰ τοὺς ἀετοὺς μάλιστα τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ναοῖς·
The sentence has a μέν…δέ contrast and three coordinated finite verbs; ἐποικοδομήσαντες is treated as a participial adjunct to ἐφιστᾶσι, with the final comparison specifying temple eagles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-_--NNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 σῶμα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 κρύπτουσι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ. |
| 3 | σῶμα | σῶμα | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κρύπτουσι | obj | high | |
| 4 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κρύπτουσι | obl | medium | Dative of material or place: bury/conceal in earth. |
| 5 | κρύπτουσι | κρύπτω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κρύπτουσι | punct | high | |
| 7 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐποικοδομήσαντες | obl | medium | Genitive of material with ἐποικοδομέω. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | PART | X-------- | _ | 12 ἐφιστᾶσι | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 9 | ἐποικοδομήσαντες | ἐποικοδομέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐφιστᾶσι | advcl | medium | Aorist-looking form is morphologically present active participle in this spelling; construed as prior/ancillary action. |
| 10 | κρηπῖδα | κρηπίς | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐφιστᾶσι | obj | high | |
| 11 | κίονας | κίων | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐφιστᾶσι | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἐφιστᾶσι | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 κρύπτουσι | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ποιοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided preposition governing dative. |
| 15 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐπίθημα | obl | high | Refers to the columns. |
| 16 | ἐπίθημα | ἐπίθημα | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ποιοῦσι | obj | medium | Predicative/object-like accusative is possible in the construction; form itself is nominative/accusative neuter singular. |
| 17 | ποιοῦσι | ποιέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐφιστᾶσι | conj | high | Coordinates with ἐφιστᾶσι. |
| 18 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 ἀετοὺς | case | high | Introduces comparison/reference phrase. |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀετοὺς | det | high | |
| 20 | ἀετοὺς | ἀετός | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ποιοῦσι | obl | high | Reference standard after κατά. |
| 21 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 20 ἀετοὺς | advmod | high | |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἀετοὺς | det | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 ναοῖς | case | high | |
| 24 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ναοῖς | det | high | |
| 25 | ναοῖς | ναός | NOUN | N-----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 τοὺς | nmod | high | The article-noun phrase is an elliptical/attributive specification of the eagles in temples. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κρύπτουσι | punct | high |
ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἄλλο μὲν ἐπιγράφουσιν οὐδέν, τὸ δὲ ὄνομα ἐφʼ αὑτοῦ καὶ οὐ πατρόθεν ὑπειπόντες κελεύουσι τὸν νεκρὸν χαίρειν.
The sentence contrasts what is not inscribed with the practice of stating the name without paternal lineage and bidding the dead farewell; the participle ὑπειπόντες is attached as a supplementary adverbial modifier of κελεύουσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | Neut Nom/Acc Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιγράφουσιν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐπιγράφουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | Neut Nom/Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 οὐδέν | amod | high | Substantivized adjective with οὐδέν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 5 ἐπιγράφουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 5 | ἐπιγράφουσιν | ἐπιγράφω | VERB | Pres Act Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 κελεύουσι | conj | high | First coordinated predicate. |
| 6 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | Neut Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 5 ἐπιγράφουσιν | obj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπιγράφουσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art Neut Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 κελεύουσι | cc | high | Introduces the contrasting coordinated predicate. |
| 10 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | Neut Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ὑπειπόντες | obj | high | Object of ὑπειπόντες. |
| 11 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 12 αὑτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 12 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Reflexive Gen Masc Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 16 ὑπειπόντες | obl | medium | ἐπί with genitive; reflexive reference is context-dependent. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 ὑπειπόντες | cc | high | |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Neg | Polarity=Neg | 15 πατρόθεν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | πατρόθεν | πατρόθεν | ADV | Adv | _ | 16 ὑπειπόντες | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘from the father/father’s side’. |
| 16 | ὑπειπόντες | ὑπεῖπον | VERB | Aor Act Ptcp Nom Masc Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 κελεύουσι | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, likely referring to the implied subject of κελεύουσι. |
| 17 | κελεύουσι | κελεύω | VERB | Pres Act Ind 3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art Masc Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 νεκρὸν | det | high | |
| 19 | νεκρὸν | νεκρός | NOUN | Masc Acc Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κελεύουσι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive χαίρειν. |
| 20 | χαίρειν | χαίρω | VERB | Pres Act Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 κελεύουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of κελεύουσι. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 κελεύουσι | punct | high |