Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 2.7.1

← 2.6.7 2.7.2 →

Passage 2.7.1

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

123Greek tokens

3,421input tokens

8,488output tokens

Sentence 1

2.7.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 12
Input: 682
Output: 882
Total: 1,564

καὶ Δωριεῖς μὲν Σικυώνιοι γεγόνασιν ἀπὸ τούτου καὶ μοῖρα τῆς Ἀργείας·

The copular/elliptical predicate γεγόνασιν governs Δωριεῖς Σικυώνιοι; μοῖρα is coordinated as a second nominative predicate, with τῆς Ἀργείας as its genitive complement. ἀπὸ τούτου expresses origin.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	5 γεγόνασιν	cc	high
2	Δωριεῖς	Δωριεύς	NOUN	NPMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Σικυώνιοι	amod	high	Ethnic noun used attributively with Σικυώνιοι.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	5 γεγόνασιν	discourse	high
4	Σικυώνιοι	Σικυώνιος	PROPN	NPMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 γεγόνασιν	nsubj	high	Subject of γεγόνασιν.
5	γεγόνασιν	γίγνομαι	VERB	VRAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Perfect of γίγνομαι; functions as ‘have become/are’ with nominative predicates.
6	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	P	_	7 τούτου	case	high
7	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	DGDMS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 γεγόνασιν	obl	high	Demonstrative genitive governed by ἀπό.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	9 μοῖρα	cc	high
9	μοῖρα	μοῖρα	NOUN	NF-SN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 γεγόνασιν	conj	medium	Second coordinated nominative predicate; subject/predicate relation is syntactically elliptical.
10	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 Ἀργείας	det	high
11	Ἀργείας	Ἀργεία	PROPN	NFGS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 μοῖρα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on μοῖρα.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 γεγόνασιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

2.7.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 21
Input: 779
Output: 1,595
Total: 2,374

τὴν δὲ τοῦ Αἰγιαλέως ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ πόλιν Δημήτριος καθελὼν ὁ Ἀντιγόνου τῇ πάλαι ποτὲ ἀκροπόλει προσῴκισε τὴν νῦν πόλιν.

Main predicate προσῴκισε takes τὴν νῦν πόλιν as object; Δημήτριος is the subject, with καθελών as a circumstantial participle whose object is τὴν ... πόλιν. ὁ Ἀντιγόνου is a name-appositive/genitival identification of Δημήτριος; τῇ πάλαι ποτέ ἀκροπόλει is the dative destination/attachment complement.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 πόλιν	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	17 προσῴκισε	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	RA--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 Αἰγιαλέως	det	high
4	Αἰγιαλέως	Αἰγιαλεύς	PROPN	NE--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 πόλιν	nmod	medium	Patronymic/genitival modifier of πόλιν.
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	7 πεδίῳ	case	high
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	RA--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 πεδίῳ	det	high
7	πεδίῳ	πεδίον	NOUN	NB--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 πόλιν	nmod	high	Locative phrase modifying πόλιν.
8	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	NC--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 καθελὼν	obj	high	Object of καθελών.
9	Δημήτριος	Δημήτριος	PROPN	NE--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 προσῴκισε	nsubj	high
10	καθελὼν	καθαιρέω	VERB	VAAP-SNM-	Aspect=Aor\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	17 προσῴκισε	advcl	high	Aorist circumstantial participle.
11	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 Ἀντιγόνου	det	high	Part of the identifying name phrase.
12	Ἀντιγόνου	Ἀντίγονος	PROPN	NE--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Δημήτριος	appos	medium	Genitival name identification/apposition to Δημήτριος.
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	RA--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	16 ἀκροπόλει	det	high
14	πάλαι	πάλαι	ADV	D--------	_	16 ἀκροπόλει	advmod	high
15	ποτὲ	ποτέ	ADV	D--------	_	16 ἀκροπόλει	advmod	high	Temporal particle/adverbial modifier.
16	ἀκροπόλει	ἀκρόπολις	NOUN	NC--DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 προσῴκισε	obl	medium	Dative complement indicating the old acropolis to which the new city was attached.
17	προσῴκισε	προσοικίζω	VERB	VAIA3-S--	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Form is aorist active indicative in context; traditional code may vary.
18	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 πόλιν	det	high
19	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	D--------	_	20 πόλιν	advmod	high	Temporal modifier: 'now/current'.
20	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	NC--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 προσῴκισε	obj	high	Object of προσῴκισε.
21	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	17 προσῴκισε	punct	high

Sentence 3

2.7.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 62
Input: 1,127
Output: 4,119
Total: 5,246

ἐχόντων δὲ ἀσθενῶς ἤδη τῶν Σικυωνίων---αἰτίαν δὲ οὐκ ὀρθῶς ποιοῖ τις ἂν ζητῶν, ἀποχρῷτο δὲ τῷ Ὁμήρῳ λεγομένῳ περὶ Διός, ὃς δὴ πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα---, Homer διακειμένοις οὖν ἀδυνάτως ἐπιγενόμενος σεισμὸς ὀλίγου τὴν πόλιν ἐποίησεν ἀνδρῶν ἔρημον, πολλὰ δὲ σφᾶς καὶ τῶν ἐς ἐπίδειξιν ἀφείλετο.

The opening genitive absolute states the Sicyonians' weakened condition; ποιοῖ and ἀποχρῷτο are potential optatives. The isolated Latin-letter sequence is retained as foreign text and attached to the following participial clause; ὀλίγου is an adverbial genitive meaning 'nearly'.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐχόντων	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 Σικυωνίων	acl	high	Genitive absolute with τῶν Σικυωνίων.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐχόντων	cc	high
3	ἀσθενῶς	ἀσθενῶς	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἐχόντων	advmod	high	Adverbial predicate with ἐχόντων.
4	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἐχόντων	advmod	high
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Σικυωνίων	det	high
6	Σικυωνίων	Σικυώνιος	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	45 ἐπιγενόμενος	advcl	medium	Subject of the genitive absolute; clause temporally frames the main event.
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	6 Σικυωνίων	punct	high	Dash.
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	6 Σικυωνίων	punct	high	Dash.
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	6 Σικυωνίων	punct	high	Dash.
10	αἰτίαν	αἰτία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ποιοῖ	obj	high
11	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ποιοῖ	cc	high
12	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PTCL	_	14 ποιοῖ	advmod	high
13	ὀρθῶς	ὀρθῶς	ADV	ADV	_	14 ποιοῖ	advmod	high
14	ποιοῖ	ποιέω	VERB	V-PAO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	17 ζητῶν	advcl	high	Potential optative in a generic conditional-like expression.
15	τις	τις	PRON	PXNS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ποιοῖ	nsubj	high
16	ἂν	ἄν	PART	PTCL	_	14 ποιοῖ	advmod	high	Modal particle with optative.
17	ζητῶν	ζητέω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	19 ἀποχρῷτο	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with τις.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 ζητῶν	punct	high
19	ἀποχρῷτο	ἀποχράομαι	VERB	V-PMO-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	45 ἐπιγενόμενος	advcl	medium	Potential optative, coordinated semantically with ποιοῖ; subject τις is understood.
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 ἀποχρῷτο	cc	high
21	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 Ὁμήρῳ	det	high
22	Ὁμήρῳ	Ὅμηρος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἀποχρῷτο	obl	high	Dative complement of ἀποχρῷτο.
23	λεγομένῳ	λέγω	VERB	V-PPP-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	22 Ὁμήρῳ	acl	high	Participial modifier of τῷ Ὁμήρῳ, with περὶ Διός complement.
24	περὶ	περί	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	25 Διός	case	high
25	Διός	Ζεύς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 λεγομένῳ	obl	high	Genitive complement of περὶ.
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	23 λεγομένῳ	punct	high
27	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	R-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 κατέλυσε	nsubj	high	Relative subject, referring to Διός.
28	δὴ	δή	PART	PTCL	_	31 κατέλυσε	advmod	high
29	πολλάων	πολύς	ADJ	A-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	30 πολίων	amod	high	Epic form of πολλῶν.
30	πολίων	πόλις	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	31 κατέλυσε	obl	high	Genitive object/complement with κατέλυσε.
31	κατέλυσε	καταλύω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	23 λεγομένῳ	ccomp	high	Finite verb of the relative clause.
32	κάρηνα	κάρηνον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	31 κατέλυσε	obj	high	Epic plural form; object of κατέλυσε.
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	31 κατέλυσε	punct	high	Dash.
34	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	31 κατέλυσε	punct	high	Dash.
35	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	31 κατέλυσε	punct	high	Dash.
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	45 ἐπιγενόμενος	punct	high
37	H	H	X	_	_	42 διακειμένοις	foreign	low	Beginning of tokenized Latin name Homer; orthographic fragments retained.
38	o	o	X	_	_	37 H	flat:foreign	low	Latin-letter fragment.
39	m	m	X	_	_	37 H	flat:foreign	low	Latin-letter fragment.
40	e	e	X	_	_	37 H	flat:foreign	low	Latin-letter fragment.
41	r	r	X	_	_	37 H	flat:foreign	low	Latin-letter fragment.
42	διακειμένοις	διάκειμαι	VERB	V-PMP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	45 ἐπιγενόμενος	advcl	medium	Dative participle, likely agreeing with an understood plural referent; Homer fragments intervene.
43	οὖν	οὖν	ADV	ADV	_	42 διακειμένοις	advmod	high
44	ἀδυνάτως	ἀδυνάτως	ADV	ADV	_	42 διακειμένοις	advmod	high
45	ἐπιγενόμενος	ἐπιγίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	50 ἐποίησεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle with σεισμός as its understood subject.
46	σεισμὸς	σεισμός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	50 ἐποίησεν	nsubj	high
47	ὀλίγου	ὀλίγου	ADV	ADV	_	50 ἐποίησεν	advmod	medium	Adverbial genitive, 'nearly/almost'.
48	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	49 πόλιν	det	high
49	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 ἐποίησεν	obj	high
50	ἐποίησεν	ποιέω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
51	ἀνδρῶν	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	52 ἔρημον	obl	high	Genitive of separation with ἔρημον.
52	ἔρημον	ἔρημος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	50 ἐποίησεν	xcomp	high	Predicative complement of πόλιν with ἐποίησεν.
53	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	61 ἀφείλετο	punct	high
54	πολλὰ	πολύς	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	61 ἀφείλετο	obj	high	Substantivized neuter plural, object of ἀφείλετο.
55	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	61 ἀφείλετο	cc	high
56	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	RP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	61 ἀφείλετο	iobj	medium	Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun; likely affected party.
57	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	58 τῶν	cc	high
58	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	60 ἐπίδειξιν	det	high	Substantivizing article.
59	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	60 ἐπίδειξιν	case	high	Epic/poetic form of εἰς.
60	ἐπίδειξιν	ἐπίδειξις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	61 ἀφείλετο	obl	high	Phrase τῶν ἐς ἐπίδειξιν, 'things/persons for display'; substantival article is elliptical.
61	ἀφείλετο	ἀφαιρέω	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	50 ἐποίησεν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb; subject σεισμός understood.
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	50 ἐποίησεν	punct	high

Sentence 4

2.7.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 28
Input: 833
Output: 1,892
Total: 2,725

ἐκάκωσε δὲ καὶ περὶ Καρίαν καὶ Λυκίαν τὰς πόλεις καὶ Ῥοδίοις ἐσείσθη μάλιστα ἡ νῆσος, ὥστε καὶ τὸ λόγιον τετελέσθαι Σιβύλλῃ τὸ ἐς τὴν Ῥόδον ἔδοξεν.

The result infinitive τετελέσθαι takes τὸ λόγιον as accusative subject; the following τὸ ἐς τὴν Ῥόδον ἔδοξεν is a difficult, likely substantival/relative-like oracle formulation, so its internal attachment is uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐκάκωσε	κακόω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐκάκωσε	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐκάκωσε	cc	high
4	περὶ	περί	ADP	PREP	_	5 Καρίαν	case	high
5	Καρίαν	Καρία	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 πόλεις	obl	high
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 Λυκίαν	cc	high
7	Λυκίαν	Λυκία	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 Καρίαν	conj	high
8	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 πόλεις	det	high
9	πόλεις	πόλις	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	1 ἐκάκωσε	obj	high
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ἐσείσθη	cc	high
11	Ῥοδίοις	Ῥόδιος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἐσείσθη	iobj	high	Dative of affected person/community.
12	ἐσείσθη	σείω	VERB	V-API-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	1 ἐκάκωσε	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb; passive in form, with ἡ νῆσος as subject.
13	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	ADV-S	Degree=Sup	12 ἐσείσθη	advmod	high
14	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 νῆσος	det	high
15	νῆσος	νῆσος	NOUN	N-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἐσείσθη	nsubj:pass	high
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἐσείσθη	punct	high
17	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	CONJ	_	21 τετελέσθαι	mark	high	Introduces an infinitival result clause.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 λόγιον	cc	high
19	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 λόγιον	det	high
20	λόγιον	λόγιον	NOUN	N-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 τετελέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
21	τετελέσθαι	τελέω	VERB	V-RPN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Pass	12 ἐσείσθη	advcl	high	Perfect passive infinitive in the result clause.
22	Σιβύλλῃ	Σίβυλλα	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 τετελέσθαι	obl	medium	Dative associated with the fulfillment/utterance of the oracle; exact semantic role is somewhat uncertain.
23	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 ἔδοξεν	det	high
24	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	26 Ῥόδον	case	high
25	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 Ῥόδον	det	high
26	Ῥόδον	Ῥόδος	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἔδοξεν	obl	high	Prepositional complement of ἐς.
27	ἔδοξεν	δοκέω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 τετελέσθαι	ccomp	medium	Inflected verb within the accusative phrase τὸ ... ἔδοξεν; construction is textually/syntactically difficult.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐκάκωσε	punct	high

← 2.6.7 2.7.2 →