Grammar parses for passage 2.8.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐλευθερώσαντος δὲ Ἀράτου Κόρινθον προσεχώρησαν μὲν ἐς τὸ συνέδριον Ἐπιδαύριοι καὶ Τροιζήνιοι οἱ τὴν Ἀργολίδα Ἀκτὴν οἰκοῦντες καὶ τῶν ἐκτὸς ἰσθμοῦ Μεγαρεῖς, συμμαχίαν δὲ πρὸς Ἀχαιοὺς Πτολεμαῖος ἐποιήσατο.
The sentence has two main clauses joined by μέν/δέ; the first contains a genitive absolute and a coordinated nominative subject list, and the second is a simple transitive clause with a prepositional complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλευθερώσαντος | ἐλευθερόω | VERB | V-AAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 Πτολεμαῖος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle introducing background circumstance. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 5 προσεχώρησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀράτου | Ἄρατος | PROPN | N-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐλευθερώσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | Κόρινθον | Κόρινθος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐλευθερώσαντος | obj | high | Object of ἐλευθερώσαντος. |
| 5 | προσεχώρησαν | προσχωρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb for the first clause. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 5 προσεχώρησαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 9 συνέδριον | case | high | Preposition governing συνέδριον. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-S---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 συνέδριον | det | high | Article with συνέδριον. |
| 9 | συνέδριον | συνέδριον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 προσεχώρησαν | obl | high | Goal/location complement of προσεχώρησαν. |
| 10 | Ἐπιδαύριοι | Ἐπιδαύριος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 προσεχώρησαν | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated subject; noun used substantivally. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 Τροιζήνιοι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | Τροιζήνιοι | Τροιζήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἐπιδαύριοι | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἐπιδαύριοι. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | Article introducing participial relative clause. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀκτὴν | det | high | Article with Ἀκτὴν. |
| 15 | Ἀργολίδα | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Ἀκτὴν | compound | medium | Proper-name modifier of Ἀκτὴν. |
| 16 | Ἀκτὴν | ἀκτή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 οἰκοῦντες | obj | high | Object of οἰκοῦντες. |
| 17 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 Μεγαρεῖς | acl:relcl | high | Participial relative clause modifying Μεγαρεῖς. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 Μεγαρεῖς | cc | high | Links coordinated subject phrase. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 Μεγαρεῖς | det | high | Article with Μεγαρεῖς. |
| 20 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADP | R | _ | 21 ἰσθμοῦ | case | medium | Adverb/preposition-like governing ἰσθμοῦ. |
| 21 | ἰσθμοῦ | ἰσθμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Μεγαρεῖς | nmod | high | Genitive complement in the postnominal modifier phrase. |
| 22 | Μεγαρεῖς | Μεγαρεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἐπιδαύριοι | conj | high | Coordinated subject with Ἐπιδαύριοι/Τροιζήνιοι. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσεχώρησαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 24 | συμμαχίαν | συμμαχία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | Object of ἐποιήσατο. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 29 ἐποιήσατο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 26 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 27 Ἀχαιοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀχαιοὺς. |
| 27 | Ἀχαιοὺς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐποιήσατο | obl | high | Prepositional object/complement of συμμαχίαν. |
| 28 | Πτολεμαῖος | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐποιήσατο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποιήσατο. |
| 29 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἐποιήσατο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καὶ Ἆγις ὁ Εὐδαμίδου βασιλεὺς ἔφθησαν μὲν Πελλήνην ἑλόντες ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς, ἥκοντι δὲ Ἀράτῳ καὶ τῇ στρατιᾷ συμβαλόντες ἐκρατήθησαν καὶ τὴν Πελλήνην ἐκλιπόντες ἀναχωροῦσιν οἴκαδε ὑπόσπονδοι.
The syntax is a chain of coordinated finite verbs plus circumstantial participles; ἥκοντι is somewhat difficult and may function as a temporal/circumstantial dative participle with Aratus and the army as its dative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N----MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔφθησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔφθησαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἔφθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ἆγις | cc | high | Joins Λακεδαιμόνιοι and Ἆγις. |
| 4 | Ἆγις | Ἆγις | PROPN | N----MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | conj | high | Conjunct with Λακεδαιμόνιοι as part of the subject. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 βασιλεὺς | det | high | Article modifying βασιλεύς. |
| 6 | Εὐδαμίδου | Εὐδαμίδης | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 βασιλεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of βασιλεύς. |
| 7 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἆγις | appos | high | Apposition to Ἆγις. |
| 8 | ἔφθησαν | φθάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 ἔφθησαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 10 | Πελλήνην | Πελλήνη | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἑλόντες | obj | high | Object of ἑλόντες. |
| 11 | ἑλόντες | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἔφθησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with subject coreference. |
| 12 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ἐπιδρομῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἐπιδρομῆς. |
| 13 | ἐπιδρομῆς | ἐπιδρομή | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἑλόντες | obl | high | Adverbial source/manner phrase. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ἥκοντι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἐκρατήθησαν | advcl | medium | Dative participial clause, likely temporal/circumstantial; agreement is a bit unusual. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 ἐκρατήθησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | Ἀράτῳ | Ἀράτος | PROPN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἥκοντι | nsubj | high | Subject of participle ἥκοντι. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 στρατιᾷ | cc | high | Joins Ἀράτῳ and τῇ στρατιᾷ. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 στρατιᾷ | det | high | Article with στρατιᾷ. |
| 20 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀράτῳ | conj | high | Conjunct with Ἀράτῳ. |
| 21 | συμβαλόντες | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἐκρατήθησαν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle dependent on ἐκρατήθησαν. |
| 22 | ἐκρατήθησαν | κρατέω | VERB | V-AIP-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 8 ἔφθησαν | conj | high | Coordinate finite verb with ἔφθησαν. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 ἐκλιπόντες | cc | high | Joins ἐκρατήθησαν and ἐκλιπόντες. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Πελλήνην | det | high | Article with Πελλήνην. |
| 25 | Πελλήνην | Πελλήνη | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐκλιπόντες | obj | high | Object of ἐκλιπόντες. |
| 26 | ἐκλιπόντες | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 ἀναχωροῦσιν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying ἀναχωροῦσιν. |
| 27 | ἀναχωροῦσιν | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 ἐκρατήθησαν | conj | high | Final finite verb coordinated with ἐκρατήθησαν. |
| 28 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 ἀναχωροῦσιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀναχωροῦσιν. |
| 29 | ὑπόσπονδοι | ὑπόσπονδος | ADJ | A----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἀναχωροῦσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement; morphology inferred from plural subject reference. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔφθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |