Grammar parses for passage 2.8.6
Open translation for this passage
Ἄρατος δέ, ὥς οἱ τὰ ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ προεκεχωρήκει, δεινὸν ἡγεῖτο Πειραιᾶ καὶ Μουνυχίαν, ἔτι δὲ Σαλαμῖνα καὶ Σούνιον ἐχόμενα ὑπὸ Μακεδόνων περιοφθῆναι, καὶ---οὐ γὰρ ἤλπιζε δύνασθαι πρὸς βίαν αὐτὰ ἐξελεῖν---Διογένην πείθει τὸν ἐν τοῖς φρουροῖς ἄρχοντα ἀφεῖναι τὰ χωρία ἐπὶ ταλάντοις πεντήκοντα καὶ ἑκατόν, καὶ τῶν χρημάτων συνετέλεσεν αὐτὸς Ἀθηναίοις ἕκτον μέρος.
The sentence has three main predications (ἡγεῖτο, πείθει, συνετέλεσεν) with compressed parenthetical explanation and a slightly difficult participial/infinitival chain around περιοφθῆναι and ἀφεῖναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄρατος | Ἄρατος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡγεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἡγεῖτο. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἡγεῖτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὥς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 προεκεχωρήκει | mark | medium | Introduces temporal/circumstantial clause; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 προεκεχωρήκει | nsubj | low | Likely article used pronominally; reading uncertain in this context. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 προεκεχωρήκει | obj | medium | With ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ, object-like internal referent of προεκεχωρήκει. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------ | _ | 8 Πελοποννήσῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 8 | Πελοποννήσῳ | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 προεκεχωρήκει | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 9 | προεκεχωρήκει | προχωρέω | VERB | V-IXP-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 12 ἡγεῖτο | advcl | medium | Clause dependent on ὥς. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | δεινὸν | δεινός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἡγεῖτο | obj | high | Predicate accusative with ἡγεῖτο. |
| 12 | ἡγεῖτο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | Πειραιᾶ | Πειραιεύς | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡγεῖτο | obj | high | Part of coordinated accusatives governed by ἡγεῖτο. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Μουνυχίαν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 15 | Μουνυχίαν | Μουνυχία | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Πειραιᾶ | conj | high | Conjunct with Πειραιᾶ. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D------ | _ | 25 περιοφθῆναι | advmod | high | Adds another item to the list. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 περιοφθῆναι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | Σαλαμῖνα | Σαλαμίς | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 περιοφθῆναι | obj | high | Coordinated with Σούνιον. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 Σούνιον | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 21 | Σούνιον | Σούνιον | PROPN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 Σαλαμῖνα | conj | high | Conjunct with Σαλαμῖνα. |
| 22 | ἐχόμενα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PMP-NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 περιοφθῆναι | advcl | medium | Participial modifier; agreement with coordinated places is awkward, so analysis is approximate. |
| 23 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R------ | _ | 24 Μακεδόνων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 περιοφθῆναι | obl | high | Agentive phrase with passive infinitive. |
| 25 | περιοφθῆναι | περιοράω | VERB | V-APN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 12 ἡγεῖτο | ccomp | high | Complement dependent on ἡγεῖτο. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 43 πείθει | cc | high | Connects the next main clause. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 πείθει | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 πείθει | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 πείθει | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 31 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D------ | _ | 33 ἤλπιζε | advmod | high | Negator. |
| 32 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G------ | _ | 33 ἤλπιζε | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 33 | ἤλπιζε | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-IIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 43 πείθει | advcl | high | Causal/explanatory clause within parenthesis. |
| 34 | δύνασθαι | δύναμαι | VERB | V-PMN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 33 ἤλπιζε | xcomp | high | Complement of ἤλπιζε. |
| 35 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R------ | _ | 36 βίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 36 | βίαν | βία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἐξελεῖν | obl | high | With ἐξελεῖν. |
| 37 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 ἐξελεῖν | obj | high | Object of ἐξελεῖν. |
| 38 | ἐξελεῖν | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | V-AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 34 δύνασθαι | xcomp | high | Complement of δύνασθαι. |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἤλπιζε | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 40 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἤλπιζε | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἤλπιζε | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 42 | Διογένην | Διογένης | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 πείθει | obj | high | Object of πείθει. |
| 43 | πείθει | πείθω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main clause; historical present. |
| 44 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 48 ἄρχοντα | det | high | Article. |
| 45 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------ | _ | 47 φρουροῖς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 46 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 47 φρουροῖς | det | high | Article modifying φρουροῖς. |
| 47 | φρουροῖς | φρουρός | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 48 ἄρχοντα | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 48 | ἄρχοντα | ἄρχων | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 49 ἀφεῖναι | obj | high | Accusative participial subject/object of ἀφεῖναι, in apposition to Διογένην. |
| 49 | ἀφεῖναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-ANA---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 43 πείθει | xcomp | high | Complement of πείθει. |
| 50 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 51 χωρία | det | high | Article. |
| 51 | χωρία | χωρίον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 ἀφεῖναι | obj | high | Object of ἀφεῖναι. |
| 52 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R------ | _ | 53 ταλάντοις | case | high | Preposition. |
| 53 | ταλάντοις | τάλαντον | NOUN | N-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 49 ἀφεῖναι | obl | high | Price phrase. |
| 54 | πεντήκοντα | πεντήκοντα | NUM | M------ | _ | 53 ταλάντοις | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ταλάντοις. |
| 55 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 56 ἑκατόν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 56 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | M------ | _ | 54 πεντήκοντα | conj | high | Second numeral in the amount. |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 πείθει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 58 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 61 συνετέλεσεν | cc | high | Connects final clause. |
| 59 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 60 χρημάτων | det | high | Article. |
| 60 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 61 συνετέλεσεν | obl | high | Partitive/genitive relation with μέρος. |
| 61 | συνετέλεσεν | συντελέω | VERB | V-IAA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Final main verb. |
| 62 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 61 συνετέλεσεν | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject. |
| 63 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 61 συνετέλεσεν | iobj | high | Indirect object / beneficiary. |
| 64 | ἕκτον | ἕκτος | ADJ | M-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 65 μέρος | amod | high | Ordinal modifying μέρος. |
| 65 | μέρος | μέρος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 61 συνετέλεσεν | obj | high | Object of συνετέλεσεν. |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 61 συνετέλεσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔπεισε δὲ καὶ Ἀριστόμαχον τυραννοῦντα ἐν Ἄργει δημοκρατίαν ἀποδόντα Ἀργείοις ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκὸν συντελεῖν, Μαντίνειάν τε Λακεδαιμονίων ἐχόντων εἷλεν.
Two coordinated main clauses share the historical narrative style; the second clause contains a genitive absolute with ἐχόντων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔπεισε | πείθω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἔπεισε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ἀριστόμαχον | cc | high | Connects the coordinated object/phrase. |
| 4 | Ἀριστόμαχον | Ἀριστόμαχος | PROPN | NNPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔπεισε | obj | high | Direct object of ἔπεισε. |
| 5 | τυραννοῦντα | τυραννέω | VERB | VPPAM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Ἀριστόμαχον | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Ἀριστόμαχον. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Ἄργει | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | Ἄργει | Ἄργος | PROPN | NDSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 τυραννοῦντα | obl | medium | Locative complement of τυραννοῦντα. |
| 8 | δημοκρατίαν | δημοκρατία | NOUN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀποδόντα | obj | high | Object of ἀποδόντα. |
| 9 | ἀποδόντα | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | VPAAM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Ἀριστόμαχον | acl | high | Second participial modifier of Ἀριστόμαχον. |
| 10 | Ἀργείοις | Ἀργείος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀποδόντα | obl | high | Indirect object / dative of recipient with ἀποδόντα. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 συντελεῖν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀχαϊκὸν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαϊκόν. |
| 13 | Ἀχαϊκὸν | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 συντελεῖν | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, object/complement of συντελεῖν. |
| 14 | συντελεῖν | συντελέω | VERB | V-PAA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ἔπεισε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἔπεισε. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 εἷλεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | Μαντίνειάν | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | NAPF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 εἷλεν | obj | high | Object of εἷλεν. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 Μαντίνειάν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐχόντων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐχόντων. |
| 19 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | VPPAPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 Μαντίνειάν | acl | high | Genitive participial modifier of Μαντίνειαν. |
| 20 | εἷλεν | αἱρέω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 εἷλεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀλλὰ γὰρ οὐ πάντα ἀνθρώπῳ τελεῖται κατὰ γνώμην, εἰ δὴ καὶ Ἄρατον κατέλαβεν ἀνάγκη γενέσθαι Μακεδόνων καὶ Ἀντιγόνου σύμμαχον·
The syntax is compressed: εἰ-clause depends on τελεῖται, and ἀνάγκη γενέσθαι forms an embedded necessity construction with a predicate complement σύμμαχον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 τελεῖται | cc | high | adversative coordinating conjunction |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 6 τελεῖται | discourse | high | postpositive explanatory particle |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 τελεῖται | advmod | high | negation particle |
| 4 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 τελεῖται | obj | high | substantivized/adjectival object with generic sense |
| 5 | ἀνθρώπῳ | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τελεῖται | obl | high | dative of reference/advantage |
| 6 | τελεῖται | τελέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main predicate |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 8 γνώμην | case | high | preposition governing accusative |
| 8 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 τελεῖται | obl | high | prepositional phrase modifying the verb |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τελεῖται | punct | high | punctuation |
| 10 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 κατέλαβεν | mark | high | conditional subordinator |
| 11 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 14 κατέλαβεν | discourse | medium | emphatic particle in the conditional clause |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 Ἄρατον | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 13 | Ἄρατον | Ἄρατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κατέλαβεν | obj | high | direct object of κατέλαβεν |
| 14 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 τελεῖται | advcl | high | verb of the conditional clause, dependent on τελεῖται |
| 15 | ἀνάγκη | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | medium | subject of infinitive construction; syntax somewhat compressed |
| 16 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀνάγκη | xcomp | high | complement of ἀνάγκη |
| 17 | Μακεδόνων | Μακεδών | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | genitive dependent on γενέσθαι, likely source/association; interpretation uncertain |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 Ἀντιγόνου | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 19 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Μακεδόνων | conj | high | coordinated genitive with Μακεδόνων |
| 20 | σύμμαχον | σύμμαχος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | predicate complement in infinitival clause, agreeing with understood subject |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 τελεῖται | punct | high | punctuation |