Grammar parses for passage 2.9.1
Open translation for this passage
Κλεομένης ὁ Λεωνίδου τοῦ Κλεωνύμου παραλαβὼν τὴν βασιλείαν ἐν Σπάρτῃ Παυσανίαν ἐμιμεῖτο τυραννίδος τε ἐπιθυμῶν καὶ νόμοις τοῖς καθεστηκόσιν οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενος.
Κλεομένης is the subject of ἐμιμεῖτο; παραλαβών is a circumstantial participle, while ἐπιθυμῶν and ἀρεσκόμενος are coordinated participles. τυραννίδος is a genitive complement of ἐπιθυμῶν; τοῖς καθεστηκόσιν modifies νόμοις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐμιμεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | d-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Λεωνίδου | det | high | |
| 3 | Λεωνίδου | Λεωνίδας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Κλεομένης | appos | high | Patronymic/genitive apposition. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | d-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κλεωνύμου | det | high | |
| 5 | Κλεωνύμου | Κλεώνυμος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Λεωνίδου | appos | high | Genitive apposition identifying Leonidas's father. |
| 6 | παραλαβὼν | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | v-sapamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐμιμεῖτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial anterior participle. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | d-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 8 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παραλαβὼν | obj | high | Object of παραλαβών. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 10 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 10 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παραλαβὼν | obl | high | Locative adjunct of παραλαβών. |
| 11 | Παυσανίαν | Παυσανίας | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐμιμεῖτο | obj | high | Object of ἐμιμεῖτο. |
| 12 | ἐμιμεῖτο | μιμέομαι | VERB | v3siim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | τυραννίδος | τυραννίς | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπιθυμῶν | obj | high | Genitive object/complement of ἐπιθυμῶν. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 ἐπιθυμῶν | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐπιθυμῶν | ἐπιθυμέω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἀρεσκόμενος | conj | high | Coordinated participle; τε links this participial phrase with the following one. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 21 ἀρεσκόμενος | cc | high | |
| 17 | νόμοις | νόμος | NOUN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀρεσκόμενος | obl | high | Dative complement with ἀρέσκομαι. |
| 18 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 καθεστηκόσιν | det | high | |
| 19 | καθεστηκόσιν | καθίστημι | VERB | v-prpamd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 νόμοις | acl | high | Substantivally/attributively modifies νόμοις. |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 21 ἀρεσκόμενος | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἀρεσκόμενος | ἀρέσκομαι | VERB | v-sppmnm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐμιμεῖτο | conj | high | Coordinated circumstantial participle with ἐπιθυμῶν. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐμιμεῖτο | punct | high |
ἅτε δὲ ὄντι αὐτῷ Παυσανίου θερμοτέρῳ καὶ οὐ φιλοψύχῳ ταχὺ τὰ πάντα ὑπὸ φρονήματος καὶ τόλμης κατείργαστο, καὶ βασιλέα τε οἰκίας τῆς ἑτέρας Εὐρυδαμίδαν παῖδα ἔτι ἀνελὼν φαρμάκῳ διὰ τῶν ἐφορευόντων ἐς Ἐπικλείδαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν μετέστησε τὴν ἀρχὴν καὶ τὸ κράτος τῆς γερουσίας καταλύσας πατρονόμους τῷ λόγῳ κατέστησεν ἀντʼ αὐτῶν.
The sentence has coordinated predicates κατείργαστο, μετέστησε, and κατέστησεν; the opening dative participial phrase characterizes the implicit agent, while several accusatives are appositional or participial objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ὄντι | mark | high | Causal/characterizing conjunction with participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 κατείργαστο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὄντι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 κατείργαστο | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle. |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄντι | nsubj | high | Dative subject of participle. |
| 5 | Παυσανίου | Παυσανίας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 θερμοτέρῳ | obl | high | Comparative standard, genitive. |
| 6 | θερμοτέρῳ | θερμός | ADJ | A-DSM-C | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄντι | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective coordinated with φιλοψύχῳ. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 φιλοψύχῳ | cc | high | |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 φιλοψύχῳ | advmod | high | |
| 9 | φιλοψύχῳ | φιλόψυχος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄντι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective. |
| 10 | ταχὺ | ταχύς | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 κατείργαστο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 πάντα | det | high | |
| 12 | πάντα | πᾶς | PRON | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 κατείργαστο | obj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 φρονήματος | case | high | |
| 14 | φρονήματος | φρόνημα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 κατείργαστο | obl | high | Cause/agency-like genitive with ὑπό. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 τόλμης | cc | high | |
| 16 | τόλμης | τόλμη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φρονήματος | conj | high | Coordinated genitive. |
| 17 | κατείργαστο | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive form; subject understood from context. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 κατείργαστο | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 μετέστησε | cc | high | Coordinates the second major clause. |
| 20 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἀνελὼν | obj | high | Object of ἀνελών. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 βασιλέα | cc | high | Correlative enclitic. |
| 22 | οἰκίας | οἰκία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 βασιλέα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέα. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἑτέρας | det | high | |
| 24 | ἑτέρας | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 οἰκίας | amod | high | Substantive-like modifier of οἰκίας. |
| 25 | Εὐρυδαμίδαν | Εὐρυδαμίδας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 παῖδα | nmod | high | Proper-name apposition/genitive construction is syntactically compressed. |
| 26 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 βασιλέα | appos | high | Appositional accusative with βασιλέα. |
| 27 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 ἀνελὼν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἀνελὼν | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 37 μετέστησε | advcl | high | Participial clause, subject understood. |
| 29 | φαρμάκῳ | φάρμακον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἀνελὼν | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 30 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 ἐφορευόντων | case | high | |
| 31 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἐφορευόντων | det | high | |
| 32 | ἐφορευόντων | ἐφορεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 μετέστησε | obl | high | Substantivized participle: through those serving as ephors. |
| 33 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 Ἐπικλείδαν | case | high | |
| 34 | Ἐπικλείδαν | Ἐπικλείδας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 μετέστησε | obl | high | Goal/recipient of μεταστήσε. |
| 35 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 ἀδελφὸν | det | high | |
| 36 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 Ἐπικλείδαν | appos | high | Apposition to the proper name. |
| 37 | μετέστησε | μεθίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second coordinated clause; coordination with κατείργαστο. |
| 38 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 39 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 μετέστησε | obj | high | Object of μετέστησε. |
| 40 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 κράτος | cc | high | |
| 41 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 κράτος | det | high | |
| 42 | κράτος | κράτος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 μετέστησε | obj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 43 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 44 γερουσίας | det | high | |
| 44 | γερουσίας | γερουσία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 κράτος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κράτος. |
| 45 | καταλύσας | καταλύω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 49 κατέστησεν | advcl | high | Prior circumstantial action. |
| 46 | πατρονόμους | πατρονόμος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 κατέστησεν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of κατέστησεν. |
| 47 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 48 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 48 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 49 κατέστησεν | obl | medium | Dative of manner/means: nominally/by decree. |
| 49 | κατέστησεν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 37 μετέστησε | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 50 | ἀντʼ | ἀντί | ADP | PREP | _ | 51 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 51 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 49 κατέστησεν | obl | high | Object of ἀντί; refers to those replaced. |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 37 μετέστησε | punct | high |
ἐπιθυμῶν δὲ πραγμάτων μειζόνων καὶ ἀρχῆς τῶν Ἑλλήνων, ἐπέθετο Ἀχαιοῖς πρώτοις, συμμάχους ἐλπίζων ἕξειν ἢν κρατήσῃ καὶ μάλιστα ἐμποδὼν οὐκ ἐθέλων εἶναί οἱ τοῖς δρωμένοις.
The final construction ἐμποδὼν οὐκ ἐθέλων εἶναί οἱ τοῖς δρωμένοις is compressed; the analysis treats ἐμποδών as the predicate complement of εἶναι and τοῖς δρωμένοις as a dative oblique complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιθυμῶν | ἐπιθυμέω | VERB | V-PAI-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπέθετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with the subject of ἐπέθετο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐπέθετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | πραγμάτων | πρᾶγμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπιθυμῶν | obj | medium | Genitive complement of ἐπιθυμῶν. |
| 4 | μειζόνων | μέγας | ADJ | A-GPN-C | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 πραγμάτων | amod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀρχῆς | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιθυμῶν | obj | high | Coordinated genitive complement of ἐπιθυμῶν. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀρχῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχῆς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπέθετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπέθετο | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπέθετο | iobj | high | Dative with ἐπέθετο, ‘attacked/assailed the Achaeans’. |
| 12 | πρώτοις | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-DPM-S | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἀχαιοῖς | amod | high | Predicative/temporal ‘first’ modifying Ἀχαιοῖς. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπέθετο | punct | high | |
| 14 | συμμάχους | σύμμαχος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἕξειν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with ἕξειν. |
| 15 | ἐλπίζων | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπέθετο | advcl | high | Participial clause expressing expectation. |
| 16 | ἕξειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-FAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 15 ἐλπίζων | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἐλπίζων. |
| 17 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Rel | 18 κρατήσῃ | mark | high | Conditional conjunction introducing κρατήσῃ. |
| 18 | κρατήσῃ | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἕξειν | advcl | high | Conditional subordinate clause, with omitted subject coreferential with the main subject. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 μάλιστα | cc | high | |
| 20 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-SUP | Degree=Sup | 23 ἐθέλων | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἐμποδὼν | ἐμποδών | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 εἶναί | advmod | medium | Adverbial predicate/complement with εἶναι: ‘to be in the way/obstacle’. |
| 22 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἐθέλων | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἐθέλων | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπέθετο | advcl | high | Participial clause; εἶναι is its complementary infinitive. |
| 24 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 23 ἐθέλων | xcomp | high | |
| 25 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-D3MS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 23 ἐθέλων | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possessor with εἶναι. |
| 26 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 δρωμένοις | det | high | |
| 27 | δρωμένοις | δράω | VERB | V-PPM-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐμποδὼν | obl | medium | Substantivized dative participle, ‘the things being done’; relation to ἐμποδών is syntactically compressed/uncertain. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπέθετο | punct | high |