Grammar parses for passage 2.9.2
Open translation for this passage
συμβαλὼν δὲ περὶ Δύμην τὴν ὑπὲρ Πατρῶν, Ἀράτου καὶ τότε ἡγουμένου τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, νικᾷ τῇ μάχῃ.
The nominative subject is implicit (likely Philip); συμβαλών is a circumstantial aorist participle. Ἀράτου ... ἡγουμένου is a genitive absolute, while τὴν ὑπὲρ Πατρῶν modifies Δύμην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συμβαλὼν | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 νικᾷ | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle; subject is the implicit main-clause subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 νικᾷ | cc | high | |
| 3 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Δύμην | case | high | |
| 4 | Δύμην | Δύμη | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 συμβαλὼν | obl | high | Place name governed by περί. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Δύμην | det | high | |
| 6 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Πατρῶν | case | high | |
| 7 | Πατρῶν | Πάτραι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 Δύμην | nmod | high | Genitive after ὑπέρ; specifies the location of Δύμη. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συμβαλὼν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Ἀράτου | Ἄρατος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡγουμένου | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τότε | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 11 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἡγουμένου | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ἡγουμένου | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Middle | 16 νικᾷ | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀράτου. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἡγουμένου | obj | high | Genitive object of ἡγουμένου. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἡγουμένου | punct | high | |
| 16 | νικᾷ | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 18 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 νικᾷ | obl | high | Dative of means or sphere: ‘in/by the battle’. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 νικᾷ | punct | high |
τοῦτο Ἄρατον ἠνάγκασεν ὑπέρ τε Ἀχαιῶν καὶ αὐτῆς Σικυῶνος δείσαντα Ἀντίγονον ἐπάγεσθαι.
ἠνάγκασεν takes an accusative-and-infinitive complement: Ἄρατον ... ἐπάγεσθαι, with δείσαντα as an accusative participle agreeing with Ἄρατον; ὑπέρ governs coordinated genitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PDN-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἠνάγκασεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | Ἄρατον | Ἄρατος | PROPN | NPA-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 3 ἠνάγκασεν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the causative infinitive construction. |
| 3 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ὑπέρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | P | _ | 6 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | GCONJ | _ | 6 Ἀχαιῶν | cc | high | Correlative/additive particle joining the coordinated objects of ὑπέρ. |
| 6 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NPG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 10 δείσαντα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | GCONJ | _ | 9 Σικυῶνος | cc | high | |
| 8 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | PXG-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 Σικυῶνος | det | medium | Possessive genitive modifying Σικυῶνος; αὐτῆς refers to the city/personified entity. |
| 9 | Σικυῶνος | Σικυών | PROPN | NPG-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 10 δείσαντα | obl | high | Coordinated genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 10 | δείσαντα | δείδω | VERB | V-2AAP-SMA | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐπάγεσθαι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Ἄρατον; its object Ἀντίγονον is accusative. |
| 11 | Ἀντίγονον | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | NPA-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 10 δείσαντα | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἐπάγεσθαι | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PMN | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Inf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἠνάγκασεν; middle voice is lexical/constructional. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἠνάγκασεν | punct | high |
Κλεομένους δὲ παραβάντος ἣν πρὸς Ἀντίγονον συνέθετο εἰρήνην καὶ παράσπονδα ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ καὶ ἄλλα δράσαντος καὶ Μεγαλοπολίτας ποιήσαντος ἀναστάτους, οὕτω διαβάντος ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἀντιγόνου συμβάλλουσιν Ἀχαιοὶ Κλεομένει περὶ Σελλασίαν.
Genitive absolute clauses (Κλεομένους ... παραβάντος ... δράσαντος ... ποιήσαντος and οὕτω διαβάντος ... Ἀντιγόνου) frame the main clause συμβάλλουσιν; εἰρήνην is the object of συνέθετο, while παράσπονδα and ἄλλα are coordinated objects of δράσαντος. The participle ποιήσαντος governs Μεγαλοπολίτας as object and ἀναστάτους as predicative object complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παραβάντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the first genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 παραβάντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | παραβάντος | παραβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-R---F-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 7 συνέθετο | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of συνέθετο; antecedent εἰρήνην follows. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Ἀντίγονον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | Ἀντίγονον | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συνέθετο | obl | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 7 | συνέθετο | συντίθημι | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 3 παραβάντος | acl:relcl | high | Aorist middle relative-clause predicate. |
| 8 | εἰρήνην | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 συνέθετο | obj | high | Antecedent of ἣν and object of συνέθετο. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 παράσπονδα | cc | high | Coordinates παράσπονδα with the following accusative object. |
| 10 | παράσπονδα | παράσπονδος | ADJ | A-APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 δράσαντος | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, likely object of δράσαντος. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 φανεροῦ | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ φανεροῦ. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 φανεροῦ | det | high | Article substantivizing φανεροῦ. |
| 13 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | A-GSN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 παράσπονδα | obl | high | Substantivized phrase ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, ‘openly/publicly’. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄλλα with παράσπονδα. |
| 15 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 δράσαντος | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated object. |
| 16 | δράσαντος | δράω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 παραβάντος | conj | high | Coordinated genitive absolute participle. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ποιήσαντος | cc | high | Coordinates ποιήσαντος with δράσαντος. |
| 18 | Μεγαλοπολίτας | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ποιήσαντος | obj | high | Object of ποιήσαντος. |
| 19 | ποιήσαντος | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 δράσαντος | conj | high | Coordinated genitive absolute participle. |
| 20 | ἀναστάτους | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | A-APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ποιήσαντος | xcomp | high | Predicative object complement with Μεγαλοπολίτας. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | advmod | high | Correlative adverb, ‘thus/after this’. |
| 23 | διαβάντος | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist genitive absolute participle in the second temporal frame. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 25 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 διαβάντος | obl | high | Goal of διαβάντος. |
| 26 | Ἀντιγόνου | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 διαβάντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the second genitive absolute. |
| 27 | συμβάλλουσιν | συμβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 28 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of συμβάλλουσιν. |
| 29 | Κλεομένει | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | iobj | high | Dative opponent/participant with συμβάλλουσιν. |
| 30 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 Σελλασίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 31 | Σελλασίαν | Σελλασία | PROPN | N-ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Place of battle, ‘around Sellasia’. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 συμβάλλουσιν | punct | high |
νικησάντων δὲ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν Σελλασία τε ἠνδραποδίσθη καὶ αὐτὴ Λακεδαίμων ἑάλω.
The opening genitive absolute νικησάντων δὲ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν is subordinate to the coordinated passive predicates; τε ... καὶ coordinate the two clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νικησάντων | νικάω | VERB | V--PAP-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἠνδραποδίσθη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with τῶν Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἠνδραποδίσθη | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 νικησάντων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 5 | Σελλασία | Σελλασία | PROPN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἠνδραποδίσθη | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἑάλω | cc | high | Correlates the two coordinated clauses. |
| 7 | ἠνδραποδίσθη | ἀνδραποδίζω | VERB | V-API-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite predicate. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἑάλω | cc | high | |
| 9 | αὐτὴ | αὐτός | PRON | P--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 Λακεδαίμων | amod | medium | Intensive pronoun, ‘itself’; modifies Λακεδαίμων. |
| 10 | Λακεδαίμων | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἑάλω | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 11 | ἑάλω | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-API-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 ἠνδραποδίσθη | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἠνδραποδίσθη | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν οὖν ἀπέδωκεν Ἀντίγονος καὶ Ἀχαιοὶ πολιτείαν τὴν πάτριον·
Straightforward clause: Ἀντίγονος and Ἀχαιοὶ are coordinated nominative subjects of ἀπέδωκεν; πολιτείαν is the direct object, modified by τὴν πάτριον. μὲν οὖν are discourse particles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DatPl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀπέδωκεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 4 ἀπέδωκεν | discourse | high | Correlative/discourse particle. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | G- | _ | 4 ἀπέδωκεν | discourse | high | Inferential discourse particle. |
| 4 | ἀπέδωκεν | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite clause predicate. |
| 5 | Ἀντίγονος | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-NomS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπέδωκεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, nominative subject. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 7 Ἀχαιοὶ | cc | high | Coordinates the two nominative subjects. |
| 7 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-NomPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἀντίγονος | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject. |
| 8 | πολιτείαν | πολιτεία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπέδωκεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέδωκεν. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πάτριον | det | high | Article agreeing with πολιτείαν and πάτριον. |
| 10 | πάτριον | πάτριος | ADJ | A-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πολιτείαν | amod | high | Adjective modifying πολιτείαν. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπέδωκεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |