Grammar parses for passage 2.9.3
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ Λεωνίδου παίδων Ἐπικλείδας μὲν ἀπέθανεν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ, Κλεομένην δὲ φεύγοντα ἐς Αἴγυπτον καὶ τιμῆς παρὰ Πτολεμαίῳ πρῶτα ἔχοντα συνέβη δεθῆναι, καταγνωσθέντα Αἰγυπτίων ἄνδρας ἐπὶ τὸν βασιλέα συνιστάναι.
The sentence has an explicit nominative subject Ἐπικλείδας for ἀπέθανεν; the accusative Κλεομένην is coordinated by δέ and controls the participles φεύγοντα, ἔχοντα, καταγνωσθέντα, with συνέβη δεθῆναι forming the impersonal construction. The final infinitive συνιστάναι is governed by δεθῆναι and has Αἰγυπτίων ἄνδρας as its accusative subject; attachment of καταγνωσθέντα is interpreted predicatively with Κλεομένην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παίδων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 7 ἀπέθανεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Λεωνίδου | Λεωνίδης | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παίδων | nmod | high | |
| 4 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἐπικλείδας | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with the following named child. |
| 5 | Ἐπικλείδας | Ἐπικλείδας | PROPN | N-----SM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέθανεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | --------- | _ | 7 ἀπέθανεν | discourse | high | |
| 7 | ἀπέθανεν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----FSD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 10 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-----SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέθανεν | obl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέθανεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | Κλεομένην | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-----SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 συνέβη | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitival/impersonal construction. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 23 συνέβη | cc | high | |
| 14 | φεύγοντα | φεύγω | VERB | V-SAPAM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 Κλεομένην | acl | high | Participial adjunct agreeing with Κλεομένην. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Αἴγυπτον | case | high | |
| 16 | Αἴγυπτον | Αἴγυπτος | PROPN | N-----SA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φεύγοντα | obl | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | --------- | _ | 22 ἔχοντα | cc | high | |
| 18 | τιμῆς | τιμή | NOUN | N-----SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἔχοντα | obl | medium | Genitive of rank/standing with ἔχοντα. |
| 19 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Πτολεμαίῳ | case | high | |
| 20 | Πτολεμαίῳ | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | N-----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τιμῆς | nmod | high | Person with whom the standing was held. |
| 21 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | A----NPN- | Degree=Pos | 22 ἔχοντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in the first rank’. |
| 22 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | V-SAPAM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 Κλεομένην | conj | high | Coordinated participle agreeing with Κλεομένην. |
| 23 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἀπέθανεν | conj | high | Impersonal ‘it happened/chanced’; coordinates with ἀπέθανεν. |
| 24 | δεθῆναι | δέω | VERB | V--APR---- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 συνέβη | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive; the form is morphologically aorist passive despite the imperfective-looking spelling in some traditions. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 συνέβη | punct | high | |
| 26 | καταγνωσθέντα | καταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-SAPPAM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 Κλεομένην | advcl | medium | Predicative/temporal participle agreeing with Κλεομένην: ‘after he was condemned’; exact scope is somewhat uncertain. |
| 27 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 28 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 συνιστάναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of συνιστάναι. |
| 29 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 βασιλέα | case | high | |
| 30 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 31 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 συνιστάναι | obl | high | ἐπί with accusative, ‘against the king’. |
| 32 | συνιστάναι | συνίστημι | VERB | V--PAN---- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 δεθῆναι | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on δεθῆναι. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέθανεν | punct | high |
καὶ ἀπέδρα μὲν ἐκ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου καὶ τοῖς Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν ἀρχὴν θορύβου παρέσχε· τέλος δέ, ὡς ἡλίσκετο, ἀπέσφαξεν αὑτόν.
The sentence has coordinated aorist predicates (ἀπέδρα, παρέσχε, ἀπέσφαξεν); τέλος is an adverbial accusative, and ὡς ἡλίσκετο is a temporal subordinate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέδρα | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀπέδρα | ἀποδιδράσκω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέδρα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 6 δεσμωτηρίου | case | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 δεσμωτηρίου | det | high | |
| 6 | δεσμωτηρίου | δεσμωτήριον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἀπέδρα | obl | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 παρέσχε | cc | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλεξανδρεῦσιν | Ἀλεξανδρεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 παρέσχε | iobj | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 παρέσχε | obj | high | |
| 11 | θορύβου | θόρυβος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχήν: beginning of tumult. |
| 12 | παρέσχε | παρέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 2 ἀπέδρα | conj | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέδρα | punct | high | |
| 14 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | _ | _ | 20 ἀπέσφαξεν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘finally’. |
| 15 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀπέσφαξεν | cc | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἀπέσφαξεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἡλίσκετο | mark | high | Temporal/concessive subordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | ἡλίσκετο | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Pass | 20 ἀπέσφαξεν | advcl | high | Imperfect passive, ‘as he was being captured’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἡλίσκετο | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἀπέσφαξεν | ἀποσφάζω | VERB | V-1AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 2 ἀπέδρα | conj | high | Coordinated with the preceding finite verbs. |
| 21 | αὑτόν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 20 ἀπέσφαξεν | obj | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέδρα | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἄσμενοι Κλεομένους ἀπαλλαγέντες βασιλεύεσθαι μὲν οὐκέτι ἠξίωσαν, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ καὶ ἐς τόδε διαμένει σφίσιν ἐκείνης τῆς πολιτείας.
The first clause has an aorist passive participle (ἀπαλλαγέντες) and complementary passive infinitive (βασιλεύεσθαι). In the second clause, διαμένει is singular despite substantivized neuter plural τὰ λοιπά; this may reflect an elliptical or textually conventional construction, so that attachment is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἠξίωσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠξίωσαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἠξίωσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄσμενοι | ἄσμενος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπαλλαγέντες | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with the subject, governing the participial circumstance. |
| 4 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπαλλαγέντες | obj | high | Object of ἀπαλλαγέντες. |
| 5 | ἀπαλλαγέντες | ἀπαλλάσσω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 ἠξίωσαν | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, ‘having been rid of’; subject is Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 6 | βασιλεύεσθαι | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PNP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἠξίωσαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἠξίωσαν. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 6 βασιλεύεσθαι | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δὲ in the following clause. |
| 8 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | ADV | Polarity=Neg | 6 βασιλεύεσθαι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitive. |
| 9 | ἠξίωσαν | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠξίωσαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 λοιπὰ | det | high | Article with substantivized λοιπά. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 διαμένει | cc | high | Connective introducing the contrasting second predication. |
| 13 | λοιπὰ | λοιπός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 διαμένει | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘the remaining matters’; accusative is retained with διαμένει in the impersonal/elliptical construction. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 διαμένει | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also/still’. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 τόδε | case | high | Preposition governing τόδε. |
| 16 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 διαμένει | obl | high | Accusative extent expression, ‘up to this point’. |
| 17 | διαμένει | διαμένω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἠξίωσαν | parataxis | medium | Second finite predication; singular agreement is difficult with neuter plural τὰ λοιπά. |
| 18 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 διαμένει | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference, ‘for them’. |
| 19 | ἐκείνης | ἐκεῖνος | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πολιτείας | det | high | Demonstrative determiner with πολιτείας. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πολιτείας | det | high | Article with πολιτείας. |
| 21 | πολιτείας | πολιτεία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 διαμένει | obl | high | Genitive of source/origin: what remains from that constitution. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἠξίωσαν | punct | high |
Ἀράτῳ δὲ Ἀντίγονος ἅτε ἀνδρὶ εὐεργέτῃ καὶ συγκατειργασμένῳ λαμπρὰ οὕτω διέμεινεν εὔνους.
The participial phrase with ἅτε characterizes Aratus as a benefactor and fellow worker; συγκατειργασμένῳ is morphologically dative masculine singular and agrees with the understood dative referent, while εὔνους is predicated of Ἀντίγονος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀράτῳ | Ἄρατος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διέμεινεν | iobj | high | Dative of reference: toward Aratus. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 Ἀντίγονος | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀντίγονος | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διέμεινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 εὐεργέτῃ | mark | high | Introduces the causal/explanatory participial phrase. |
| 5 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εὐεργέτῃ | obl | high | Dative apposition/reference with εὐεργέτῃ. |
| 6 | εὐεργέτῃ | εὐεργέτης | NOUN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 συγκατειργασμένῳ | obl | medium | Dative substantive coordinated in sense with ἀνδρί and governing the participial characterization. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 συγκατειργασμένῳ | cc | high | |
| 8 | συγκατειργασμένῳ | συνεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 11 διέμεινεν | advcl | medium | Perfect passive participle, agreeing with understood/antecedent dative Aratus; συγκατεργάζομαι is the likely lexical form. |
| 9 | λαμπρὰ | λαμπρός | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 διέμεινεν | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural accusative, ‘splendid things/deeds’. |
| 10 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 διέμεινεν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | διέμεινεν | διαμένω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect: continued to remain. |
| 12 | εὔνους | εὔνους | ADJ | A----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀντίγονος | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective referring to Antigonus. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 διέμεινεν | punct | high |