Grammar parses for passage 3.1.1
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς ἐστιν ἤδη Λακωνικὴ τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέρας.
The phrase τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέρας is an elliptical substantivized directional expression, coordinated predicatively with Λακωνική: ‘Laconia lies toward the west’; μετὰ τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς is a prepositional temporal/spatial adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 Ἑρμᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἑρμᾶς | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἑρμᾶς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | NPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστιν | obl | high | Plural accusative of the place-name Ἑρμαί/Ἑρμαῖ; token form is Ἑρμᾶς. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 6 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | Λακωνικὴ | Λακωνικός | PROPN | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘Laconia’. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἑσπέρας | det | medium | Article substantivizing an omitted neuter plural noun in the directional phrase. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 10 ἑσπέρας | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 10 | ἑσπέρας | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | N-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Accusative in the directional expression πρὸς ἑσπέρας; τὰ is a substantivizing/elliptical article. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
Λέλεγος δὲ γίνεται Μύλης καὶ νεώτερος Πολυκάων.
Copular γίνεται links Λέλεγος with the predicate nominative Μύλης; νεώτερος Πολυκάων is a coordinated comparative predicate, with Πολυκάων understood as the subject of the comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λέλεγος | Λέλεγος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 γίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 γίνεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/linking use: 'becomes/is'. |
| 4 | Μύλης | Μύλης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 γίνεται | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 6 νεώτερος | cc | high | |
| 6 | νεώτερος | νέος | ADJ | A--NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 γίνεται | conj | medium | Coordinated comparative predicate; construed with Πολυκάων. |
| 7 | Πολυκάων | Πολυκάων | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 νεώτερος | nsubj | medium | Subject of the coordinated comparative predication; syntax is elliptical. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 γίνεται | punct | high |
Πολυκάων μὲν δὴ ὅποι καὶ διʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν ἀπεχώρησεν, ἑτέρωθι δηλώσω·
Πολυκάων is the subject of δηλώσω only by discourse linkage: the first clause is a parenthetical concessive/topic clause, with ὅποι and διʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν dependent on ἀπεχώρησεν. ἑτέρωθι modifies δηλώσω; μὲν δή marks the discourse transition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πολυκάων | Πολυκάων | PROPN | Nbmsf | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 δηλώσω | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 12 δηλώσω | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 12 δηλώσω | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὅποι | ὅποι | ADV | Dq | PronType=Rel | 9 ἀπεχώρησεν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 6 διʼ | cc | high | |
| 6 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R- | _ | 8 αἰτίαν | case | high | |
| 7 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | DET | Ptqafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 8 αἰτίαν | det | high | Indefinite-interrogative relative determiner modifying αἰτίαν. |
| 8 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | Nafs | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπεχώρησεν | obl | high | Object of διά in the causal phrase διʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν. |
| 9 | ἀπεχώρησεν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V3saaia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 δηλώσω | advcl | high | Aorist indicative clause coordinated in discourse with the following main statement. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπεχώρησεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἑτέρωθι | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | Dg | _ | 12 δηλώσω | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘elsewhere/in another place’. |
| 12 | δηλώσω | δηλόω | VERB | V1saaif | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 δηλώσω | punct | high |