Grammar parses for passage 3.1.1
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς ἐστιν ἤδη Λακωνικὴ τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέρας.
The phrase Λακωνικὴ τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέρας is syntactically compressed; Λακωνικὴ is likely predicative or elliptical, and τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέρας functions as an adverbial directional expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 4 Ἑρμᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 Ἑρμᾶς | det | high | Definite article modifying Ἑρμᾶς. |
| 4 | Ἑρμᾶς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 μετὰ | obl | high | Accusative plural object of μετά. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as sentence root. |
| 6 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐστιν. |
| 7 | Λακωνικὴ | Λακωνικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Predicative adjective agreeing with implicit/following neuter phrase is unclear; likely nominative subject-like predicate of ἐστιν. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἑσπέρας | det | medium | Article introducing adverbial phrase τὰ πρὸς ἑσπέρας. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 10 ἑσπέρας | case | high | Preposition governing ἑσπέρας. |
| 10 | ἑσπέρας | ἑσπέρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | obl | high | Adverbial genitive phrase with πρός, 'toward the west/evening'. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὡς δὲ αὐτοὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι λέγουσι, Λέλεξ αὐτόχθων ὢν ἐβασίλευσε πρῶτος ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου Λέλεγες ὧν ἦρχεν ὠνομάσθησαν.
Introductory ὡς-clause governs indirect discourse; the main content is a coordinated pair of finite verbs, with participial/predicative description of Λέλεξ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | mark | high | Introduces reported speech/comparison clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | αὐτοὶ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | nsubj | medium | Likely intensifying subject with noun; could be adjective-like use. |
| 4 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λέγουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγουσι. |
| 5 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of introductory clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | Λέλεξ | Λέλεξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐβασίλευσε. |
| 8 | αὐτόχθων | αὐτόχθων | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Λέλεξ | amod | medium | Predicate/appositive adjective modifying Λέλεξ. |
| 9 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Λέλεξ | cop | medium | Participial copular form; could also be an adverbial participle, but here best taken as predicative with αὐτόχθων. |
| 10 | ἐβασίλευσε | βασιλεύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Content clause after λέγουσι. |
| 11 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | advmod | medium | Adverbial/predicative use: 'first'. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 14 γῇ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 γῇ | det | high | Article. |
| 14 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 15 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 14 γῇ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying γῇ. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ὠνομάσθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates finite verbs/clauses. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 18 τούτου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 22 ὠνομάσθησαν | obl | medium | Could be an adverbial genitive 'from this [time/point]'. |
| 19 | Λέλεγες | Λέλεγες | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive ὠνομάσθησαν. |
| 20 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 21 ἦρχεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun governed by ἦρχεν. |
| 21 | ἦρχεν | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 Λέλεγες | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Λέλεγες. |
| 22 | ὠνομάσθησαν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 10 ἐβασίλευσε | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐβασίλευσε under the reported-content clause. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Μύλητος δὲ τελευτήσαντος παρέλαβεν ὁ παῖς Εὐρώτας τὴν ἀρχήν.
The syntax is somewhat unclear around Μύλητος / ὁ παῖς Εὐρώτας; I treat Μύλητος and παῖς as nominative participants linked to the main verb, with Εὐρώτας in apposition to παῖς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μύλητος | Μύλητος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παρέλαβεν | nsubj | medium | Proper name; likely subject of παρέλαβεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 παρέλαβεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | PAAP---MSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 παρέλαβεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | παρέλαβεν | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 παῖς | det | high | Article modifying παῖς. |
| 6 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παρέλαβεν | nsubj | medium | Likely second subject/appositive with Μύλητος. |
| 7 | Εὐρώτας | Εὐρώτας | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖς | appos | low | Could be apposition to παῖς or a second nominative subject; context uncertain. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 9 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 παρέλαβεν | obj | high | Direct object of παρέλαβεν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παρέλαβεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὗτος τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λιμνάζον ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ διώρυγι κατήγαγεν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν, ἀπορρυέντος δὲ---ἦν γὰν δὴ τὸ ὑπόλοιπον ποταμοῦ ῥεῦμα--- ὠνόμασεν Εὐρώταν.
The main difficulty is the genitive absolute ἀπορρυέντος and the parenthetical ἦν γὰν δὴ τὸ ὑπόλοιπον ποταμοῦ ῥεῦμα, which interrupts the main coordination of the two finite verbs.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 10 κατήγαγεν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as subject. |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Ra--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 3 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | Nb-S---N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κατήγαγεν | obj | high | Direct object of κατήγαγεν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Ra--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 λιμνάζον | det | high | Article modifying λιμνάζον. |
| 5 | λιμνάζον | λιμνάζω | VERB | V--PAP-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ὕδωρ | amod | medium | Participial modifier of ὕδωρ; case form expected accusative but participle ending looks nominative/neuter. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-- | _ | 8 πεδίῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Ra--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πεδίῳ | det | high | Article modifying πεδίῳ. |
| 8 | πεδίῳ | πεδίον | NOUN | Nb-S---D | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 κατήγαγεν | obl | high | Oblique locative phrase with ἐν. |
| 9 | διώρυγι | διώρυξ | NOUN | Nb-S---D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατήγαγεν | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 10 | κατήγαγεν | κατάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-- | _ | 12 θάλασσαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | Nb-S---A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατήγαγεν | obl | high | Goal complement with ἐπί. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατήγαγεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 14 | ἀπορρυέντος | ἀπορρέω | VERB | V-AOP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 29 ὠνόμασεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 29 ὠνόμασεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ὠνόμασεν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ὠνόμασεν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ὠνόμασεν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 19 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 29 ὠνόμασεν | parataxis | medium | Copular/existential predicate in parenthetical clause. |
| 20 | γὰν | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 ἦν | discourse | low | Likely enclitic particle; form uncertain in transmission. |
| 21 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 ἦν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Ra--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 ῥεῦμα | det | high | Article modifying ῥεῦμα. |
| 23 | ὑπόλοιπον | ὑπόλοιπος | ADJ | A--SNSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ῥεῦμα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ῥεῦμα. |
| 24 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | Nb-S---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ῥεῦμα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ῥεῦμα. |
| 25 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | Nb-S---N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 29 | ὠνόμασεν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 κατήγαγεν | conj | high | Second main verb coordinated with κατήγαγεν. |
| 30 | Εὐρώταν | Εὐρώτας | PROPN | Np-S---A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ὠνόμασεν | obj | high | Object/naming complement of ὠνόμασεν. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατήγαγεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |