Grammar parses for passage 3.1.4
Open translation for this passage
Κυνόρτα δὲ ἐγένετο Οἴβαλος.
Copular/existential-style use of γίγνομαι with a nominative subject; Κυνόρτα is probably an accusative contextual constituent, but the clause is brief and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κυνόρτα | Κυνόρτα | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Likely a proper name in accusative; case depends on implicit motion/extent or textual context, but syntax is uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 4 | Οἴβαλος | Οἴβαλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |
οὗτος Γοργοφόνην τε τὴν Περσέως γυναῖκα ἔσχεν ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ παῖδα ἔσχε Τυνδάρεων, ᾧ περὶ τῆς βασιλείας Ἱπποκόων ἠμφισβήτει καὶ κατὰ πρεσβείαν ἔχειν ἠξίου τὴν ἀρχήν.
The syntax is relatively straightforward: two coordinated main verbs, with a relative clause attached to the second object phrase and a further coordinated verb phrase inside that relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PPro-Dem-Nom-Sg-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of ἔσχεν. |
| 2 | Γοργοφόνην | Γοργοφόνη | PROPN | N-Sg-Acc-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχεν. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 2 Γοργοφόνην | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating particle attached to first coordinated object phrase. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 γυναῖκα | det | high | Article modifying γυναῖκα. |
| 5 | Περσέως | Περσεύς | PROPN | N-Sg-Gen-Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γυναῖκα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of γυναῖκα. |
| 6 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Second coordinated object phrase with Γοργοφόνην. |
| 7 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AorActInd-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 8 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 Ἄργους | case | high | Preposition governing Ἄργους. |
| 9 | Ἄργους | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-Sg-Gen-Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Source/origin phrase with ἐξ. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Coordinates the two main predicates ἔσχεν and ἔσχε. |
| 11 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Common | Case=Acc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 12 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-AorActInd-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ἔσχεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 13 | Τυνδάρεων | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-Sg-Acc-Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἔσχε | obj | medium | Likely appositional/identificatory with παῖδα; case form is accusative in the transmitted text. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔσχε | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 15 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | PPro-Rel-Dat-Sg-Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 20 ἠμφισβήτει | iobj | high | Relative pronoun governed by ἠμφισβήτει. |
| 16 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 βασιλείας | case | high | Preposition governing βασιλείας. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 βασιλείας | det | high | Article modifying βασιλείας. |
| 18 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-Gen-Sg-Fem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἠμφισβήτει | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἠμφισβήτει. |
| 19 | Ἱπποκόων | Ἱπποκόων | PROPN | N-Sg-Nom-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἠμφισβήτει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠμφισβήτει. |
| 20 | ἠμφισβήτει | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V-ImpfActInd-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Relative clause modifying Τυνδάρεων/παῖδα. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coord | _ | 25 ἠξίου | cc | high | Coordinates the two verbs in the relative clause. |
| 22 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Prep | _ | 23 πρεσβείαν | case | high | Preposition governing πρεσβείαν. |
| 23 | πρεσβείαν | πρεσβεία | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἠξίου | obl | high | Prepositional phrase with κατά. |
| 24 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PresActInf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἠξίου | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἠξίου. |
| 25 | ἠξίου | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-ImpfActInd-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἠμφισβήτει | conj | high | Second verb coordinated with ἠμφισβήτει. |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 27 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἔχειν | obj | high | Object of infinitive ἔχειν. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
προσλαβὼν δὲ Ἰκάριον καὶ τοὺς στασιώτας παρὰ πολύ τε ὑπερεβάλετο δυνάμει Τυνδάρεων καὶ ἠνάγκασεν ἀποχωρῆσαι δείσαντα, ὡς μὲν Λακεδαιμόνιοί φασιν, ἐς Πελλάναν, Μεσσηνίων δέ ἐστιν ἐς αὐτὸν λόγος Τυνδάρεων φεύγοντα ἐλθεῖν ὡς Ἀφαρέα ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν εἶναί τε Ἀφαρέα τὸν Περιήρους ἀδελφὸν Τυνδάρεω πρὸς μητρός·
The sentence contains two reported-speech frames (ὡς μὲν... φασιν / Μεσσηνίων δέ ἐστιν λόγος...), and the internal attachment of several infinitival/participial complements is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσλαβὼν | προσλαμβάνω | VERB | V-APM-SNM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἰκάριον | Ἰκάριος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 προσλαβὼν | obj | medium | Object of προσλαβών; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 Ἰκάριον | cc | high | Coordinates object with token 6. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-APM | Case=Accusative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 6 στασιώτας | det | high | Article modifying στασιώτας. |
| 6 | στασιώτας | στασιώτης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 3 Ἰκάριον | conj | high | Second coordinated object of προσλαβών. |
| 7 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 8 πολύ | case | high | Preposition with comparative force. |
| 8 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | obl | medium | Comparative extent phrase with παρὰ. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 10 | ὑπερεβάλετο | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 11 | δυνάμει | δύναμις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | obl | high | Dative of means/respect. |
| 12 | Τυνδάρεων | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | obl | medium | Likely genitive of comparison/measure; form is ambiguous. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἠνάγκασεν | cc | high | Connects second coordinated verb. |
| 14 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | conj | high | Second main verb coordinated with ὑπερεβάλετο. |
| 15 | ἀποχωρῆσαι | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 14 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 16 | δείσαντα | δείδω | VERB | V-APA-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 15 ἀποχωρῆσαι | advcl | medium | Participial modifier of the infinitive; could refer to the same understood subject/object. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 21 φασιν | mark | high | Introduces indirect statement. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 21 φασιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμόνιοί | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 21 φασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of φασιν. |
| 21 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 14 ἠνάγκασεν | ccomp | high | Reported speech clause dependent on ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 φασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 24 Πελλάναν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | Πελλάναν | Πελλάνα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 21 φασιν | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 φασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιοι | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 31 λόγος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λόγος. |
| 27 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 28 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 28 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 21 φασιν | parataxis | medium | Formulaic parenthetical present; analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 29 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 30 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 30 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 λόγος | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 31 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 28 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 32 | Τυνδάρεων | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 33 φεύγοντα | nsubj | medium | Genitive with participle in indirect statement; syntactic function uncertain. |
| 33 | φεύγοντα | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 34 ἐλθεῖν | xcomp | high | Participial complement to ἐλθεῖν / reported-content sequence. |
| 34 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 31 λόγος | csubj | high | Infinitival content of λόγος. |
| 35 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 34 ἐλθεῖν | mark | high | Introduces comparative/report clause content. |
| 36 | Ἀφαρέα | Ἀφαρεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 34 ἐλθεῖν | obj | medium | Likely object/complement within the infinitival report. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 39 Μεσσηνίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 38 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Accusative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 39 Μεσσηνίαν | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίαν. |
| 39 | Μεσσηνίαν | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 34 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Goal/location dependent on ἐλθεῖν or the surrounding infinitival report. |
| 40 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Present|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 31 λόγος | conj | medium | Second infinitival report coordinated with ἐλθεῖν. |
| 41 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 40 εἶναί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 42 | Ἀφαρέα | Ἀφαρεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 40 εἶναί | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶναί. |
| 43 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Accusative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 45 ἀδελφὸν | det | high | Article modifying ἀδελφόν. |
| 44 | Περιήρους | Περιήρης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 45 ἀδελφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀδελφόν. |
| 45 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 40 εἶναί | xcomp | high | Predicate/complement in the infinitival clause. |
| 46 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 45 ἀδελφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀδελφόν. |
| 47 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 48 μητρός | case | high | Preposition. |
| 48 | μητρός | μήτηρ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 45 ἀδελφὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive phrase with πρὸς; relation is semantically unclear. |
| 49 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερεβάλετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ οἰκῆσαί τε αὐτὸν τῆς Μεσσηνίας φασὶν ἐν Θαλάμαις καὶ τοὺς παῖδας ἐνταῦθα οἰκοῦντι αὐτῷ γενέσθαι.
The sentence contains two coordinated infinitival complements of φασίν; the first has a place genitive/locative phrase, and the second includes an accusative subject with a dative participial circumstance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 φασὶν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking two infinitival clauses. |
| 2 | οἰκῆσαί | οἰκέω | VERB | AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Aorist active infinitive, dependent on φασίν. |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 οἰκῆσαί | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle attached to the infinitive. |
| 4 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-3ms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 2 οἰκῆσαί | obj | high | Object of οἰκῆσαι. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Μεσσηνίας | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίας. |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίας | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 οἰκῆσαί | obl | medium | Genitive of place/origin with οἰκέω; syntactic attachment somewhat loose. |
| 7 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of reported speech. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Θαλάμαις | case | high | Preposition governing Θαλάμαις. |
| 9 | Θαλάμαις | Θαλάμαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 οἰκῆσαί | obl | high | Locative phrase dependent on οἰκῆσαι. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinator linking the second infinitival clause to the first. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 παῖδας | det | high | Article modifying παῖδας. |
| 12 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of γενέσθαι in indirect statement. |
| 13 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 οἰκοῦντι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying οἰκοῦντι. |
| 14 | οἰκοῦντι | οἰκέω | VERB | PAP--DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 γενέσθαι | advcl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with αὐτῷ; functions as circumstance for γενέσθαι. |
| 15 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-3ms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 οἰκοῦντι | nsubj | medium | Subject-like dative with participle οἰκοῦντι. |
| 16 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Second infinitival complement of φασίν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 φασὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |