Grammar parses for passage 3.1.5
Open translation for this passage
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον κατῆλθέ τε ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους Τυνδάρεως καὶ ἀνενεώσατο τὴν ἀρχὴν·
Τυνδάρεως is the nominative subject of both κατῆλθε and ἀνενεώσατο; ὑπό with the genitive marks Heracles as the agent/source of his return. τε ... καί coordinates the two finite verbs.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | Nbmsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κατῆλθέ | obl | high | Dative of time, probably ‘later in time’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | advmod | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | A-cna | Degree=Cmp | 4 κατῆλθέ | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative accusative. |
| 4 | κατῆλθέ | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V3saa--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | conj | high | First coordinated finite verb; final accent reflects following enclitic τε. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 10 ἀνενεώσατο | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator pairing with καί. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R----- | _ | 7 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive agent phrase. |
| 7 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-msg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κατῆλθέ | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent with ὑπό. |
| 8 | Τυνδάρεως | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | Ne-msn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κατῆλθέ | nsubj | high | Subject of both coordinated verbs. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 10 ἀνενεώσατο | cc | high | Coordinator of the second verb with κατῆλθε. |
| 10 | ἀνενεώσατο | ἀνανεόομαι | VERB | V3sam--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 κατῆλθέ | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb; middle voice is lexically appropriate for ‘renewed/reestablished’. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---af- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 12 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | Nbfsn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνενεώσατο | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνενεώσατο. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | punct | high |
κατελθόντων δὲ Ἡρακλειδῶν ἐπὶ Τισαμενοῦ τοῦ Ὀρέστου βασιλεύοντος, Μεσσήνη μὲν καὶ Ἄργος ἑκατέρα μοῖρα Τήμενον, ἡ δὲ Κρεσφόντην ἔσχεν ἄρχοντας·
Genitive absolute κατελθόντων Ἡρακλειδῶν sets the temporal frame; ἐπί with genitive marks the reign of Tisamenus, while the coordinated clauses distribute the territories. The antecedent of ἑκατέρα is the two place-names Μεσσήνη and Ἄργος; ἄρχοντας is a predicative/resultative accusative with ἔσχεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAP-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 κατελθόντων | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κατελθόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Τισαμενοῦ | case | high | Takes genitive here. |
| 5 | Τισαμενοῦ | Τισαμενός | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλεύοντος | obl | high | Object of ἐπί, within the participial phrase. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ὀρέστου | det | high | Article with Ὀρέστου. |
| 7 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Τισαμενοῦ | nmod | high | Patronymic/relational genitive modifying Τισαμενοῦ. |
| 8 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V--PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 κατελθόντων | advcl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with Τισαμενοῦ; temporal circumstance. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Μεσσήνη | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 μοῖρα | nmod | high | First place-name in the coordinated subject phrase. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 10 Μεσσήνη | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; paired with δέ. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Ἄργος | cc | high | Coordinates the two place-names. |
| 13 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 μοῖρα | conj | high | Second coordinated place-name. |
| 14 | ἑκατέρα | ἑκάτερος | DET | A--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 μοῖρα | det | high | Distributive determiner agreeing with μοῖρα. |
| 15 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Subject, with Μεσσήνη and Ἄργος specifying the two portions. |
| 16 | Τήμενον | Τήμενος | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔσχεν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄρχοντας | det | high | Article substantivizing/introducing the second subject. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Contrasts the second clause with the μέν clause. |
| 20 | Κρεσφόντην | Κρεσφόντης | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἄρχοντας | obj | high | Object of ἔσχεν. |
| 21 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V--IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; singular by distributive μοῖρα. |
| 22 | ἄρχοντας | ἄρχων | NOUN | N--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔσχεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative/resultative accusative, ‘as rulers’; syntactically dependent on ἔσχεν. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high |
ἐν Λακεδαίμονι δὲ ὄντων διδύμων τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων οἰκίαι δύο βασίλειαι γίνονται·
Genitive absolute ὄντων διδύμων τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων (‘the children of Aristodemus being twins’) supplies the circumstance; οἰκίαι δύο βασίλειαι is the subject of γίνονται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 2 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | |
| 2 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | Ne | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γίνονται | obl | high | Locative/dative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 12 γίνονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | ὄντων | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 παίδων | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 5 | διδύμων | δίδυμος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὄντων | xcomp | high | Predicate genitive adjective in the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 παίδων | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παίδων | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 8 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὄντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 9 | οἰκίαι | οἰκία | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 γίνονται | nsubj | high | Subject of γίνονται; ‘royal houses’ in context. |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A-NDF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Dual | 9 οἰκίαι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying οἰκίαι; form is syncretic, with dual agreement construed contextually. |
| 11 | βασίλειαι | βασίλειος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 οἰκίαι | amod | high | Adjective modifying οἰκίαι. |
| 12 | γίνονται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 γίνονται | punct | high |