Grammar parses for passage 3.1.5
Open translation for this passage
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον κατῆλθέ τε ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους Τυνδάρεως καὶ ἀνενεώσατο τὴν ἀρχὴν·
The phrase ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους Τυνδάρεως is syntactically compressed; I treat Τυνδάρεως as dependent on Ἡρακλέους, though an appositive reading is possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κατῆλθέ | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | advmod | high | Modifies the verb as a temporal adverb. |
| 4 | κατῆλθέ | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verbal root. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | case | high | Introduces the agent phrase. |
| 7 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-S---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κατῆλθέ | obl | high | Genitive within prepositional phrase. |
| 8 | Τυνδάρεως | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-S---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἡρακλέους | nmod | medium | Likely appositive or dependent genitive with Ἡρακλέους; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | cc | high | Coordinates the two verbs. |
| 10 | ἀνενεώσατο | ἀνανεόω | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 κατῆλθέ | conj | high | Coordinated verb with same subject. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἀρχὴν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχὴν. |
| 12 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνενεώσατο | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 κατῆλθέ | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐβασίλευσαν δὲ καὶ οἱ Τυνδάρεω παῖδες καὶ Μενέλαος ὁ Ἀτρέως Τυνδάρεω γαμβρὸς ὢν Ὀρέστης τε Ἑρμιόνῃ τῇ Μενελάου συνοικῶν.
The syntax is loosely coordinated and somewhat compressed; Ὀρέστης appears to resume the subject chain, with τε and the final participial phrase attached adverbially.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐβασίλευσαν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἐβασίλευσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 παῖδες | cc | medium | Coordinates the first subject with the following one. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 παῖδες | det | high | Article with παῖδες. |
| 5 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖδες | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of παῖδες; proper name inflected as genitive. |
| 6 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐβασίλευσαν | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 Μενέλαος | cc | high | Coordinates Μενέλαος with the preceding subject phrase. |
| 8 | Μενέλαος | Μενέλαος | PROPN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐβασίλευσαν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Μενέλαος | det | high | Article with Μενέλαος. |
| 10 | Ἀτρέως | Ἀτρεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Μενέλαος | nmod | high | Genitive of descent/possession modifying Μενέλαος. |
| 11 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 γαμβρὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of γαμβρός; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | γαμβρὸς | γαμβρός | NOUN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Μενέλαος | appos | high | Appositive noun phrase describing Μενέλαος. |
| 13 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | PAPNSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 γαμβρὸς | cop | medium | Participle functioning predicatively with γαμβρός. |
| 14 | Ὀρέστης | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐβασίλευσαν | nsubj | medium | Likely another coordinated subject by sense, though the sentence is syntactically difficult and the expected connective is absent. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 Ὀρέστης | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 16 | Ἑρμιόνῃ | Ἑρμιόνη | PROPN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συνοικῶν | obl | high | Dative with συνοικῶν, expressing shared residence with/among Hermione. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Ἑρμιόνῃ | det | high | Article with Ἑρμιόνῃ. |
| 18 | Μενελάου | Μενέλαος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἑρμιόνῃ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἑρμιόνῃ. |
| 19 | συνοικῶν | συνοικέω | VERB | PAPNSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 Ὀρέστης | acl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ὀρέστης. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐβασίλευσαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κατελθόντων δὲ Ἡρακλειδῶν ἐπὶ Τισαμενοῦ τοῦ Ὀρέστου βασιλεύοντος, Μεσσήνη μὲν καὶ Ἄργος ἑκατέρα μοῖρα Τήμενον, ἡ δὲ Κρεσφόντην ἔσχεν ἄρχοντας·
The syntax is anchored by a genitive absolute and then a coordinated finite clause; ἄρχοντας is treated as an accusative complement with ἔσχεν, though the exact predicative force is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-AAPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 βασιλεύοντος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 κατελθόντων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδαι | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κατελθόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 5 Τισαμενοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | Τισαμενοῦ | Τισαμένης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 βασιλεύοντος | obl | high | Object of ἐπί within the circumstantial phrase. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ὀρέστου | det | high | Article with Ὀρέστου. |
| 7 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Τισαμενοῦ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of Τισαμενοῦ; likely appositional or possessive relation. |
| 8 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAPGSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main participial predicate introducing the temporal background. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 βασιλεύοντος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | Μεσσήνη | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἔσχεν, coordinated with Ἄργος. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 Μεσσήνη | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 Ἄργος | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | Ἄργος | Ἄργος | PROPN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 Μεσσήνη | conj | high | Coordinated with Μεσσήνη. |
| 14 | ἑκατέρα | ἑκάτερος | DET | a-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 μοῖρα | det | high | Modifies μοῖρα. |
| 15 | μοῖρα | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Μεσσήνη | appos | medium | Appositive/explanatory noun phrase with Μεσσήνη. |
| 16 | Τήμενον | Τήμενος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Object of ἔσχεν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Κρεσφόντην | det | high | Article with Κρεσφόντην. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἡ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 20 | Κρεσφόντην | Κρεσφόντης | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Object of ἔσχεν. |
| 21 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 βασιλεύοντος | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with the preceding participial clause. |
| 22 | ἄρχοντας | ἄρχων | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔσχεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement in accusative; likely participial/nominal predicate with ἔσχεν. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐν Λακεδαίμονι δὲ ὄντων διδύμων τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων οἰκίαι δύο βασίλειαι γίνονται·
Genitive absolute ὄντων διδύμων τῶν Ἀριστοδήμου παίδων modifies the main clause; βασίλειαι is adjectival with οἰκίαι, yielding 'two royal houses are established.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 2 Λακεδαίμονι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 2 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--d-s--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὄντων | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 12 γίνονται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ὄντων | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAPGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 γίνονται | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 5 | διδύμων | δίδυμος | ADJ | A--pgm--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 παίδων | amod | high | Attributive to παίδων. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-/g-p--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 παίδων | det | high | Article with παίδων. |
| 7 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N--g-s--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παίδων | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παίδων. |
| 8 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N--g-p--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὄντων | nmod | medium | Dependent genitive within the absolute construction. |
| 9 | οἰκίαι | οἰκία | NOUN | N--n-p--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 γίνονται | nsubj | high | Subject of γίνονται. |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M--n-p--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 βασίλειαι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying οἰκίαι. |
| 11 | βασίλειαι | βασίλειος | ADJ | A--n-p--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 οἰκίαι | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective with οἰκίαι. |
| 12 | γίνονται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 γίνονται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |