Grammar parses for passage 3.10.5
Open translation for this passage
διέβη δὲ καὶ ἐς Ἰταλίαν ὕστερον Ταραντίνοις βαρβάρων πόλεμον συνδιοίσων σφίσιν ὁμόρων·
The participial phrase is syntactically difficult; ὁμόρων and σφίσιν are attached conservatively to the participial clause, with Ταραντίνοις taken as its dative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διέβη | διαβαίνω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 διέβη | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 διέβη | cc | medium | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | NOUN-1 | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 διέβη | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 6 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 διέβη | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 7 | Ταραντίνοις | Ταραντῖνος | PROPN | A-N-D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 10 συνδιοίσων | iobj | low | Likely dative complement of participle; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πόλεμον | amod | high | Attributive modifier of πόλεμον. |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 συνδιοίσων | obj | high | Object of participle. |
| 10 | συνδιοίσων | συνδιοίσω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 διέβη | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle; exact lexical form somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 συνδιοίσων | obl | high | Dative referring to Tarantines / associated party. |
| 12 | ὁμόρων | ὁμόρος | ADJ | A-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Plur | 7 Ταραντίνοις | amod | medium | Likely attributive genitive/plural adjective modifying Ταραντίνοις; agreement is unusual. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 διέβη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ ἀπέθανέ τε αὐτόθι ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων καὶ αὐτοῦ τὸν νεκρὸν ἁμαρτεῖν τάφου τὸ μήνιμα ἐγένετο ἐμποδὼν τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἀπέθανε and ἐγένετο are coordinated, and τὸ μήνιμα ἐμποδὼν τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος expresses that the tomb-curse became an impediment to the burial/handling of the dead man.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέθανέ | cc | high | coordinating conjunction |
| 2 | ἀπέθανέ | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἐγένετο | conj | high | coordinated verb with ἐγένετο |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἀπέθανέ | discourse | high | enclitic connective |
| 4 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 2 ἀπέθανέ | advmod | high | adverb of place |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 2 ἀπέθανέ | case | high | introduces agent phrase |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 βαρβάρων | det | high | article |
| 7 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἀπέθανέ | obl:agent | high | agent in genitive with ὑπό |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἐγένετο | cc | medium | links following clause/phrase to previous material |
| 9 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 τάφου | det | low | likely genitive pronoun modifying τάφου, though syntax is difficult |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 νεκρὸν | det | high | article |
| 11 | νεκρὸν | νεκρός | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἁμαρτεῖν | obj | medium | substantivized adjective as object of ἁμαρτεῖν |
| 12 | ἁμαρτεῖν | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-PAI- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 16 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | complement of ἐγένετο with adjectival/objective complement nearby |
| 13 | τάφου | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μήνιμα | nmod | medium | genitive dependent of μήνιμα |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 μήνιμα | det | high | article |
| 15 | μήνιμα | μήνιμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐγένετο | obj | high | object of ἐγένετο in sense 'hindrance' or 'prohibition' |
| 16 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 17 | ἐμποδὼν | ἐμποδών | ADV | D-------- | _ | 16 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | predicative adverb 'in the way' / 'as an impediment' |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἀπόλλωνος | det | medium | article before prepositional phrase |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 21 Ἀπόλλωνος | case | high | preposition |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἀπόλλωνος | det | high | article |
| 21 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐγένετο | obl | high | source/origin phrase governed by ἐκ |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐγένετο | punct | high | sentence punctuation |
τοῦ δὲ Ἀρχιδάμου τούτου τὸν μὲν πρεσβύτερον παῖδα Ἆγιν κατέλαβεν ἀποθανεῖν Μακεδόσιν ἐναντία καὶ Ἀντιπάτρῳ μαχεσάμενον, Εὐδαμίδας δὲ ὁ νεώτερος Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐβασίλευσεν ἄγουσιν εἰρήνην.
The sentence has two coordinated historical clauses; the first contains an infinitival complement with an accusative subject, and the second has a participial phrase whose exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρχιδάμου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 κατέλαβεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | medium | Genitive dependent in the opening genitive phrase. |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | Pd-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Ἀρχιδάμου | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Ἀρχιδάμου. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 παῖδα | det | high | Article modifying παῖδα. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 παῖδα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 7 | πρεσβύτερον | πρεσβύτερος | ADJ | A-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παῖδα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying παῖδα. |
| 8 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κατέλαβεν | obj | high | Object of κατέλαβεν. |
| 9 | Ἆγιν | Ἆγις | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποθανεῖν | xcomp | medium | Accusative subject of ἀποθανεῖν in infinitival clause. |
| 10 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-aia-3s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 11 | ἀποθανεῖν | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-ana- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 κατέλαβεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of κατέλαβεν. |
| 12 | Μακεδόσιν | Μακεδών | PROPN | Ne-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 μαχεσάμενον | obl | medium | Dative with ἐναντία; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 13 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἀποθανεῖν | advmod | low | Likely adverbial accusative meaning 'in opposition'; morphology is difficult. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Ἀντιπάτρῳ | cc | high | Coordinator within the coordinated dative phrase. |
| 15 | Ἀντιπάτρῳ | Ἀντίπατρος | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Μακεδόσιν | conj | high | Coordinated with Μακεδόσιν. |
| 16 | μαχεσάμενον | μάχομαι | VERB | V-amsppma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 Ἆγιν | advcl | high | Participial modifier of Ἆγιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατέλαβεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | Εὐδαμίδας | Εὐδαμίδας | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐβασίλευσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐβασίλευσεν. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 23 ἐβασίλευσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Pd-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 νεώτερος | det | high | Article modifying νεώτερος. |
| 21 | νεώτερος | νεώτερος | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Εὐδαμίδας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Εὐδαμίδας. |
| 22 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἄγουσιν | obl | medium | Dative dependent of ἄγουσιν / εἰρήνην context; attachment uncertain. |
| 23 | ἐβασίλευσεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-aia-3s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 24 | ἄγουσιν | ἄγω | VERB | V-pap---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ἐβασίλευσεν | advcl | medium | Probably participial modifier; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 25 | εἰρήνην | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἄγουσιν | obj | high | Object of ἄγουσιν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐβασίλευσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |