Grammar parses for passage 3.11.1
Open translation for this passage
ἀπὸ δὲ Θόρνακος προελθόντι ἔστιν ἡ πόλις, Σπάρτη μὲν ὀνομασθεῖσα ἐξ ἀρχῆς, προσλαβοῦσα δὲ ἀνὰ χρόνον καὶ Λακεδαίμων ἡ αὐτὴ καλεῖσθαι·
The dative προελθόντι is an impersonal/absolute temporal-local construction (‘for one proceeding from Thorнакos’), with ἔστιν introducing πόλις; Σπάρτη and Λακεδαίμων are predicative nominatives, while ἡ αὐτή is an elliptical copular complement with καλεῖσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 3 Θόρνακος | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Θόρνακος | Θόρνακος | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 προελθόντι | obl | high | |
| 4 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V--AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Dative temporal/local participle, likely impersonal or agreeing with an understood traveler. |
| 5 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V--PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSF- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλις | det | high | |
| 7 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of existential ἔστιν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Σπάρτη | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὀνομασθεῖσα | nsubj:pass | medium | Predicative name, understood as the name by which the city was called. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 9 Σπάρτη | discourse | high | |
| 11 | ὀνομασθεῖσα | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V--APP-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 πόλις | acl | high | Supplementary participle modifying πόλις. |
| 12 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 13 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὀνομασθεῖσα | obl | high | ‘From the beginning’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ὀνομασθεῖσα | punct | high | |
| 15 | προσλαβοῦσα | προσλαμβάνω | VERB | V--AAP-NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 πόλις | acl | high | Coordinated supplementary participle modifying πόλις. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 προσλαβοῦσα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 18 χρόνον | case | high | |
| 18 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 προσλαβοῦσα | obl | high | Accusative of duration/distribution. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 Λακεδαίμων | cc | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαίμων | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 καλεῖσθαι | nsubj | medium | Second name in the infinitival naming construction. |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSF- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 αὐτὴ | det | high | |
| 22 | αὐτὴ | αὐτός | PRON | P--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 23 καλεῖσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative ‘the same’; accent/form may be interpreted adjectivally rather than pronominally. |
| 23 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V--PPN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 15 προσλαβοῦσα | xcomp | medium | Infinitive in the phrase ‘to be called also Lacedaemon, the same [city]’. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | punct | high |
τέως δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο ἔκειτο τῇ γῇ.
The impersonal-intransitive ἔκειτο takes τὸ ὄνομα τοῦτο as its nominative subject and τῇ γῇ as a dative of location/association; τέως is a temporal adverb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέως | τέως | ADV | Adverb | _ | 6 ἔκειτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘until then/for the time being’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 ἔκειτο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὄνομα | det | high | Article agreeing with ὄνομα. |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔκειτο | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἔκειτο. |
| 5 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | DET | RD-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὄνομα | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with ὄνομα. |
| 6 | ἔκειτο | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-3Iim-NS | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle/deponent form of κεῖμαι, ‘lay/was situated’. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γῇ | det | high | Article agreeing with γῇ. |
| 8 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔκειτο | obl | medium | Dative of location or association; exact semantic nuance is context-dependent. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 6 ἔκειτο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐμοὶ γὰρ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἠθέλησεν ὁ λόγος ἀπὸ πολλῶν καὶ οὐκ ἀξίων ἀφηγήσεως, ὧν ἃ ἕκαστοι παρὰ σφίσι λέγουσιν, ἀποκρῖναι τὰ ἀξιολογώτατα.
The infinitive ἀποκρῖναι is the complement of ἠθέλησεν; ἀπὸ πολλῶν καὶ οὐκ ἀξίων ἀφηγήσεως is a separation/source phrase, with ὧν ἃ ἕκαστοι παρὰ σφίσι λέγουσιν an embedded relative construction. The antecedent and syntax of ὧν/ἃ are somewhat difficult; ἃ is treated as the object of λέγουσιν and ὧν as a partitive/genitive relation to πολλῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐμοὶ | ἐγώ | PRON | PPron.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 ἠθέλησεν | iobj | high | Dative of interest/reference with ἠθέλησεν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἠθέλησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 4 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἠθέλησεν | obl | high | Temporal/source genitive phrase, ἐξ ἀρχῆς. |
| 5 | ἠθέλησεν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λόγος | det | high | Article modifying λόγος. |
| 7 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἠθέλησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠθέλησεν. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 πολλῶν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 9 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀποκρῖναι | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive plural, source/separation phrase; coordinated with ἀξίων. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 ἀξίων | cc | high | Coordinates πολλῶν and ἀξίων. |
| 11 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Adv | Polarity=Neg | 12 ἀξίων | advmod | high | Negates ἀξίων. |
| 12 | ἀξίων | ἄξιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πολλῶν | conj | high | Substantivized genitive plural, coordinated with πολλῶν. |
| 13 | ἀφηγήσεως | ἀφήγησις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀξίων | nmod | high | Objective genitive with ἀξίων: worthy of narration. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 22 ἀποκρῖναι | punct | high | Comma. |
| 15 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | R-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 πολλῶν | nmod | low | Relative genitive, likely partitive/associative with πολλῶν; antecedence is syntactically difficult. |
| 16 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | R-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 20 λέγουσιν | obj | medium | Relative accusative object of λέγουσιν; relation to ὧν is difficult. |
| 17 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 20 λέγουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγουσιν. |
| 18 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 19 σφίσι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 19 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | PPron.Dat.3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 20 λέγουσιν | obl | high | Reflexive/third-person plural dative with παρά, ‘among themselves’. |
| 20 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 ὧν | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb of the relative construction; ὧν is taken as its relative-clause head, with ἃ as object. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 22 ἀποκρῖναι | punct | high | Comma. |
| 22 | ἀποκρῖναι | ἀποκρίνω | VERB | V-AAN | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 5 ἠθέλησεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by ἠθέλησεν. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ἀξιολογώτατα | det | high | Article substantivizing ἀξιολογώτατα. |
| 24 | ἀξιολογώτατα | ἀξιολόγος | ADJ | A-APNS | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἀποκρῖναι | obj | high | Substantivized superlative adjective, object of ἀποκρῖναι. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 5 ἠθέλησεν | punct | high | Full stop. |