Grammar parses for passage 3.11.10
Open translation for this passage
παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Ὀρέστου τὸν τάφον ἐστὶν εἰκὼν Πολυδώρου τοῦ Ἀλκαμένους, ὃν βασιλέων ἐς τοσοῦτο τιμῆς προήχασιν ὥστε οἱ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντες, ὁπόσα δεῖ σημαίνεσθαι, τοῦ Πολυδώρου σημαίνονται τῇ εἰκόνι.
Main clause: εἰκών is subject of ἐστίν with τὸν τάφον as locative/accusative of place and παρὰ τοῦ Ὀρέστου specifying the tomb. ὃν refers to Πολύδωρον and is object of προήχασιν; ὥστε introduces a result clause whose subject is οἱ τὰς ἀρχὰς ἔχοντες. In the result clause, σημαίνονται is middle/passive with τῇ εἰκόνι instrumental and τοῦ Πολυδώρου dependent on it; ὁπόσα is the object-like relative/interrogative quantity of things to be signaled, with δεῖ governing passive infinitive σημαίνεσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 Ὀρέστου | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 εἰκὼν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ὀρέστου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 τάφον | det | high | |
| 6 | τάφον | τάφος | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκὼν | obl | medium | Accusative of place/extent with εἰμί; some analyses may treat it as an argument or locative accusative. |
| 7 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Πολυδώρου | Πολύδωρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἀλκαμένους | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀλκαμένους | Ἀλκαμένης | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Πολυδώρου | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive identification: Πολύδωρος, son of Alcamenes. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἰκὼν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 18 προήχασιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Πολύδωρον. |
| 14 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 προήχασιν | obl | medium | Partitive or agentive genitive with προάγω; exact syntactic nuance is debated. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 16 τοσοῦτο | case | high | |
| 16 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | DET | A---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 18 προήχασιν | obl | high | Correlative degree expression with εἰς. |
| 17 | τιμῆς | τιμή | NOUN | N--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 τοσοῦτο | nmod | high | Genitive of value/extent with τοσοῦτο. |
| 18 | προήχασιν | προάγω | VERB | V-RAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 εἰκὼν | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect active form; subject is implicit βασιλεῖς or an understood plural authority, not overtly expressed. |
| 19 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | C | _ | 31 σημαίνονται | mark | high | |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 ἔχοντες | det | high | |
| 21 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἀρχὰς | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀρχὰς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἔχοντες | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἔχοντες | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 σημαίνονται | nsubj | high | Substantivized participle: those holding offices/authority. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 σημαίνονται | punct | high | |
| 25 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P---ANP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 27 σημαίνεσθαι | obj | medium | Free relative meaning 'whatever things/how many things'; syntactic object of σημαίνεσθαι. |
| 26 | δεῖ | δεῖ | VERB | V-PQI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 σημαίνεσθαι | aux | high | Impersonal modal verb governing the infinitive. |
| 27 | σημαίνεσθαι | σημαίνω | VERB | V-PMN- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 31 σημαίνονται | ccomp | high | Presumably middle/passive infinitive; middle sense 'to receive/signify indications' is contextually possible. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 σημαίνονται | punct | high | |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 Πολυδώρου | det | high | |
| 30 | Πολυδώρου | Πολύδωρος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 σημαίνονται | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σημαίνονται, expressing reference/source. |
| 31 | σημαίνονται | σημαίνω | VERB | V-PMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Result clause coordinated semantically with the copular main clause; middle/passive morphology and interpretation are difficult. |
| 32 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 εἰκόνι | det | high | |
| 33 | εἰκόνι | εἰκών | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 σημαίνονται | obl:instr | high | Instrumental dativus with the image. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 σημαίνονται | punct | high |